对论文各部分的要求.ppt

论文的基本结构及其作用对各部分的要求,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptConstruction,ThegeneralstructureofafullarticleTitleAbstractKeywordsMaintext(IMRAD)IntroductionMethodsResultsAndDiscussionsAcknowledgementReferencesSupplementarymaterial,Makethemeasyforindexingandsearching!(informative,effective),Journalspaceisprecious.Makethearticleasconciseaspossible.Useasfewwordsasnecessary.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptConstruction,Startwritinginthefollowingorder:Methods,ResultsandDiscussionConclusionsandIntroductionAbstractandtitle,WriteResultsandDiscussionbeforetheIntroduction.Ifthediscussionisinsufficient,howcanyouthendescribetheimportanceofyourworkintheIntroduction?,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptTitle,Eachsectionhasadefinitepurpose1.Title:Whatisthemaintopicofthepaper?Thetitleshouldattracttheattentionofthereader.Readersarepotentialauthors,whomayciteyourarticle.Thetitleshouldbeinformativeandconcisetoattractaswideareadershipaspossible.Avoidtechnicaljargonandabbreviations.Discussthetitlewithyourco-authors.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptTitle,OriginalPreliminaryobservationsontheeffectofZnelementonanticorrosionofzincplatinglayer,RevisedEffectofZnonanticorrosionofzincplatinglayer,RemarksLongtitledistractsreaders.Removeallredundanciessuchas“studieson”,“thenatureof”,etc.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptAbstract,2.Abstract:TellthereaderwhatyoudidandwhattheimportantfindingsareThisistheadvertisementofyourarticle.Makeitinteresting,andeasytounderstand(avoiduncommonabbreviations).Beaccurate!Chooseyourwordscarefully.Aclearabstractwillarousetheinterestofthereader.KeepitasBRIEFaspossible!,Agoodabstract:IspreciseandhonestCanstandaloneUsesnotechnicaljargonIsbriefandspecificCitesnoreferences,Thequalityofanabstractwillstronglyinfluencetheeditorsdecision,Theabstract:theadvertisementofyourarticle,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptKeywords,3.Keywordsareusedforindexing.Usewordswhichconveyaspecificmeaning,avoidgeneralisations.Useabbreviationsonlywhenestablishedinthefield(XRD,NMR,IR,UV-Vis).ChecktheGuideforAuthors!,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptIntroduction,4.TheIntroductionshouldconvincereadersthatyouknowwhyyourworkisimportant.Whatistheproblem?Arethereexistingsolutions?Whichisthebest?Whatisitsmainlimitation?Whatdoyouhopetoachieve?Introducethemainpublicationsonwhichyourworkisbased.Citerecentreviewarticles,butalsomentiontheoriginal,importantpublications.Donotcitepublications,oryourownpublications,unlesstheyarerelevant.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptIntroduction,Payattentiontothefollowing:Youwanttopresentyournewdata,butyoumustputthemintoperspectivefirst.Bebrief,itisnotahistorylesson.TheintroductioninaLetterisevenshorter.Donotmixintroduction,results,discussion,andconclusion.Keepthemseparate.Donotoveruseexpressionssuchas“novel”,“firsttime”,“firstever”.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptMethods,5.Methods:Howdidyoustudytheproblem?Givecomplete,detailedinformation,sothataknowledgeablereadercanreproducetheexperiment.UsereferencesandSupportingMaterialstoindicatepreviouslypublishedprocedures.Donotrepeatthedetailsofestablishedmethods;asummaryissufficient.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptResults,“Afigureisworthathousandwords”Figuresandtablesarethemostefficientwaytopresentresults.Yourdataarethedrivingforceofthepaper.Therefore,yourillustrationsarecritical!,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptResults,Tablesgivethequantitativeexperimentalresults.Graphspresentaqualitativecomparisonofyourresultswiththoseofpreviousauthorsorwiththeoreticalvalues.Figuresshouldnotduplicatetheinformationdescribedinthetablesorinthetext.Usebardiagramssparingly,reservethemfororalpresentations.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptResults,IllustrationsshouldbeusedforESSENTIALdataonly.CommentfromanEditor:DescribetheresultsofFig.13inthetext.Thisfiguredoesnotgivemuchinformation.Spaceisvaluable!Thelegendtoafigureshouldbebriefbutshouldcontainsufficientinformationtomakethefigureself-explanatory.Readersoftenlookatthefiguresfirst.Therefore,theyshouldbeclearandinformative.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptResults,Appearancecounts!Donotcrowdtheplots:3or4datasetsperfigure;appropriatescales;sizeofaxislables;clearsymbols;easydiscriminationofdatasets.Thescalemustbeplacedinthecornerofeachphotograph.UsecolourONLYwhennecessary.Otherwise,usedifferenttypesoflines(solid,dotted,broken)andsymbolstoshowdifferences.Donotincludelongboringtables!,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptResults,Exampleofapoorfigurewithunnecessaryuseofcolour,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptResults,TypeofattackClassical(%)Pop(%)Jazz(%),Echoaddition00.100.27,Noiseaddition1.201.421.60,Bandequalization2.312.502.73,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptDiscussion,7.DiscussionWhatdotheresultsmean?Itisthemostimportantsectionofyourarticle.HereyoucanSELLyourdata!AweakDiscussionwillleadtorejection.Thediscussionshouldexplainwhattheresultsmean.Donotrepeattheresults.Comparepublishedresultswithyourresults.DONOTignoreworkthatreportsfindingsthatdifferfromyours.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptDiscussion,Payattentionto:Statementswhicharenotsupportedbytheresults.Vagueexpressionssuchas“highertemperature”,“atalowerrate”.Quantitativedescriptionsarepreferred.Avoidabruptintroductionofnewtermsorideas.Youcanproposeinterpretations,buttheymustbebasedonfacts,ratherthanimagination.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptDiscussion,AskcolleaguestoreadtheResultsandtheDiscussionbeforeyoucontinue!Checktheorganizationofyourpaper,thenumberandqualityofillustrations,thelogicandthejustificationofyourreport.AfteryouchecktheResultsandtheDiscussion,youmayrealizethatfurtherexperimentsarenecessary.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptConclusion,8.Conclusions.Howdoestheworkadvanceknowledgeinthefield?Reviewerswillfinditdifficulttojudgetheworkandmakearecommendationiftheconclusionsareweak.Donotrepeattheabstract,listexperimentalresults,ormaketrivialstatementsaboutyourresultsintheConclusionsection.Provideaclearjustificationforyourwork,indicateitsimportanceand,ifappropriate,howitcouldbecontinued.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptReferences,9.Referencesareafrequentsourceoferror.Citethemainscientificpublications,onwhichyourworkisbased.Donotcitetoomanyreferences.Thisdoesnotmakeabettermanuscript!Avoidexcessiveself-citation.Avoidexcessivecitationsofpublicationsfromthesameregion.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptReferences,AdherestrictlytothestyleofreferencesandcitationsasshownintheGuideforAuthors!Itisyourresponsibility,notoftheEditor,toformatreferencescorrectly!Checkthespellingofauthornames,theyearofpublications,useof“etal.”andpunctuation.,HowtoprepareagoodmanuscriptReferences,Commentsofafrustratededitor:Yourlistofreferencesisatotalmess!Takeaverycarefullookata