新视野大学英语读写教程第三册Unit_6_Section_A教案.doc

Unit 6 Section A How to Prepare for EarthquakeI. Background information1. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake. A large part of the city was destroyed and a large number of buildings were burnt. The number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250, 000. About 700 people died in the earthquake and the fires. Another earthquake shocked San Francisco on October 17th, 1989. It was the second strongest earthquake and about one hundred people were killed. It happened in the evening as people were traveling home. A wide and busy road fell onto the below. A lot of people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town but about 50 kilometers away. In one part of the town many buildings were destroyed. These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough. There were a lot of fires all over the city. The electricity was cut off for several days too. Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of different plates. At San Francisco the Pacific plate meets the North American plate. When suddenly these two plates jump, an earthquake is felt. When the 1906 earthquake happened, the Pacific plate jumped 5-6 meters to the north. We cannot stop earthquake, but we can do things to make sure they do not destroy a whole city. First, it is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earths plates join together. Second, if you think there may be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rock not on sand. Third, you must make the houses as strong as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco. They call it “The Big One”. However, people today are still building more houses. The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906. This means that if there is another big earthquake, a great many houses and buildings will be destroyed.2. The 1976 Tangshan Earthquake 1) Which city earns the name “Brave City of China”? Tangshan2) The deadliest earthquake of the 20th century, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan at 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976. 3) Which of the following gave some advance warnings of an impending earthquake? A. Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas. B. Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping. C. Mice and yellow weasels ran around to hide. D. A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl. E. Strange lights (fireballs) as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake. 4) The Tangshan earthquake lasted approximately 14-16 seconds. After the earthquake hit, 242419 people were dead or dying; 164581 people severely injured. In 7218 households, all members of the family were killed by the earthquake. 5) Over two million people died in the earthquake in the 20th century. About 0.6 billion people live in the strong earthquake zone throughout the world.6) 93 percent of the residential buildings and 78 percent of the industrial buildings were completely destroyed.3. Whats your insight into earthquakes? Because they have no warning and allow people no time to react to them in an effective way. As described in the video, one second you live in this big beautiful city and ten seconds later it is flat. So on any scale of instant destructivity, few natural disasters can come close to earthquakes. At 11:43 A.M. on June 7, 1692, for example, an earthquake struck Port Royal, Jamaica. In the space of less than fifty seconds, that thriving port sank into the Caribbean. An eyewitness described the scene. “ In many places the earth cracked, opened and shut, with a motion quick and fast. People were swallowed up; in others they were caught by the middle, and pressed to death.” In the 17th and 18th centuries, it was believed in the Western world that because earthquakes normally occurred in non-Christian countries, they were signs of Gods anger with the inhabitants of these areas. In fact, every day the earth is shaken by hundreds of small earthquakes, most going unnoticed. They usually occur along the boundaries of thin plates that cover the earth like egg shells. Driven by the heat deep within the earths core, plates grind against each other along lines called faults. When plates find their motions blocked, stress builds up. Finally the fault gives way. Released energy races through the earth in a form of seismic waves (震波) and a quake occurs.4. How much do you know about other natural disasters? In addition to the earthquake, the human society as a whole is also cursed with a long list of other natural disasters, among which are flood, mud-rock flow (泥石流), landslide (山体滑坡), typhoon, hurricane (飓风), tornado (龙卷风), snowstorm (暴风雪), hailstorm (冰雹), sand storm (沙尘暴), drought (干旱), plague of locusts (蝗灾), the spread of desert, the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS (非典), and volcanic eruptions (火山喷发), the most famous example of which is the Great Pompeii, quickly covered with volcanic ashes. The contributors to these natural disasters are complex and varied. Some disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions result from the movement of plates along the weaknesses in the Earths crust. Many others, like flood, sand storm, and the spread of desert, stem from human activities. Mans mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth has led to a sharp decline of forestry, a rapid desertification of farming land, an irreparable depletion of ozone layer, a global worsening of greenhouse effect, and a swift extinction of species, all of which in turn bring about more disasters. II. Structure Analysis1. How can we know about warning signs of earthquakes? 1) Wire the earth and sea 2) Watch animals and plants 3) The amount of radon waxes 2. What animals show what signs of earthquakes? 1) henscages 2) snakesfreeze 3) dogsbark a lot 4) fishsurface 5) birdsnoisy fly unusuallySome advance warnings of an impending earthquake.A. Well water rose and fell with cracking or gas. B. Chickens refused to eat and ran around chirping (吱喳而鸣). C. Mice and yellow weasels (黄鼠狼) ran around to hide. D. A goldfish jumped wildly in its bowl. E. Strange lights (fireballs) as well as loud sounds were seen the night preceding the earthquake. 3. How are most of the people killed in an earthquake? By falling buildings.4. What building structures might prevent the great destruction of property? 1) Steel joint/an I-joint 2) Equally strong columns & horizontal beams 3) Deep vertical support columns 4) Light roofs & strong walls5. What should people do to prepare their houses? 1) Check/reinforce homes 2) Place heavy objects 3) Attach cupboards & cabinets 4) Fasten doors 6. What should people need for their earthquake survival supplies, and why? water & food radio receiver torch extra batteries first-aid supplies spade tent rope clothing fire extinguisher auxiliary cooking & heating source heavy shoes or boots7. How can family members keep in touch during an earthquake? Check in with a far-away friend or relative 8. What should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects? Education concerning how to survive an earthquake.1. What is the text mainly about? The essay is centered around the main theme How to predict, prevent, and prepare for earthquakes.2. How is the text organized? The writer centers his writing on three aspects of the topicearthquake prediction, earthquake prevention, and earthquake preparation. In the end, he concludes his writing with more emphasis placed on peoples preparation for earthquakes. So the text can fall structurally into four parts. Part I Prediction: People predicted a quake by wiring the earth and sea to detect movements, watch-ing animals and plants for warning signs; and seeing if the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. Devices for developing it: Exemplification: (Para. 1) In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for For example, Before the Hansin earthquake in Japan, Part II Prevention: To prevent buildings from threatening our lives, new structures need to be built with an I-joint steel, with columns and horizontal beams of equal strength, and with light roofs; and pillars for highway bridges need to be enclosed in steel. Devices for developing it: Deduction: (Para. 2) General Statement: People would also like to prevent Details: 1) Most people are killed by 2) with steel joint; 3) of equal strength 4) enclosed in steel.Part III Preparation: To prepare for a great quake, you need to keep survival supplies at home and at work; have proper tools ready at hand; make sure what to do in case of a quake; and plan for family re-unity. Devices for developing it: Deduction: (Paras. 4-6) General statement: People need to prepare themselves. Details: 1) have supplies of water and food; 2) Have a fire extinguisher handy; 3) Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans. Part IV Conclusion: Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their best to prevent disasters by improving building structures and by being personally prepared. Devices for developing it: Induction: (Para. 7) Known facts: 1) scientists learn much about how quakes work; 2) It will be possible to predict quakes with accuracy; 3) But people still have to prevent quakes. Conclusion: Education concerning should be a major emphasis for all projects.III. New words and expressions1. to watch sth. for / to watch for 观察某物以获取 / 小心等待 He has been watching for the right moment to express his feeling of love for her.2. to come out of 爬出 / 有 结果 Good reward will certainly come out of your good intention.3. to be reported to do sth. in unusual patterns 据报道说以异常的方式做某事 They are reported to be celebrating their victory in unusual patterns.4. to withstand the power of earthquakes 抵御地震的力量 Any friendship that cant withstand the trial of hardships is not likely to last long.5. to be a major concern 是关注的重点 How to prevent the resurgence (卷土重来) of SARS is one of the major concerns among the public.6. to insert sth. in / into / between 把某物插入中中间 The Maxwell House inserted in a newspaper an advertisement : Good to the last drop. 麦氏公司(Maxwell House)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。7. to enclose sth. in 将某物包入装入 Enclosed in his letter was a birthday card, on which was a message Turn my little card into white clouds that take my endless blessings to you. 愿这小小的卡片化作朵朵白云,捎去我无尽的祝福。8. to prepare for the possibility of 为的可能性作好防备 The purpose of college life is to prepare us for the possibility of future challenges.9. to attach sth. to 把某物附加在 / 依附于 之上 She is fondly attached to the good old days she shared with him.10. to make water safe to drink 使水饮用安全 What matters to us is how to make our campus life meaningful and fruitful.11. to keep sth. handy 手边备有某物 Also important is what measures to take to keep our teenagers far away from drugs.12. to put out 扑灭 / 生产投资 发挥 His speech ended in an appeal to college students to put out all their subjective initiative during the course of college studies.13. to agree on 就取得一致意见 Different people attach different meanings to life, on which it is hard for them to agree.14. to be busy with / doing sth. 忙于做某事 Once promoted to a higher position, a corrupt official will be busy abusing his power. 贪官一旦被提拔到更高的职位,就会忙于滥用职权。15. to check in 登记 / 报到 He checked in at this hotel under a false name last night but this morning he checked out.16. to learn a great deal about 对了解甚多 With this book, you can learn a great deal about the conditions and customs of Africa. 通过这本书，你可以了解许多有关非洲的风土人情。17. to predict earthquakes with accuracy 精确预测地震The satellite system can help man draw maps with great accuracy. 卫星系统可以帮助人类非常精确地绘制地图。18. to be resistant to 对有抵抗力 / 抵制力The best way of keeping yourself far away from diseases is to build up your resistance to them by exercising. 使自己远离疾病的最好途径是通过锻炼身体增强对疾病的抵抗力。19. to make a great difference in / to 在方面 使大不一样 It makes no difference to us whether we have a daughter or a son.20. education concerning how to do sth. 关于如何做某事的教育 The laws and regulations concerning the environmental protection are still far from perfect. 关于环境保护的法规仍不完善。IV. Language Points1.Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. (Para. 1) Meaning: Data collected from experiments seem to indicate that the amount of the element radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth increases before an earthquake.2. Therefore, building structures that can withstand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. (Para. 2) Meaning: Therefore, people are very concerned about having buildings that are strong enough to resist the power