The open boat ppt.ppt

Theopenboat,StephenCrane,StephenCrane(November1,1871June5,1900)wasanAmericanpoet,novelist,andshortstorywriter.Prolificthroughouthisshortlife,hewrotenotableworksintheRealisttraditionaswellasearlyexamplesofAmericanNaturalismandImpressionism.Heisrecognizedbymoderncriticsasoneofthemostinnovativewritersofhisgeneration.,Majorworks,Maggie:AGirloftheStreets街头女郎麦姬(WilliamDeanHowellsthoughtthisworkisthebestoneofCranesworks.ItwasthetrueworkofCrane.ThefirstworkofAmericanliteraryNaturalism)TheRedBadgeofCourage红色英勇勋章TheOpenBoat海上扁舟TheBlueHotel蓝色旅店TheBrideComestoYellowSky新娘来到黄天镇TheBlackRidersandOtherLines黑骑者Wariskind战争是仁慈的,Naturalism,ItwasatermcreatedbyFrenchnovelist,EmileZola（埃米尔.左拉).Instudyinghumanlife,theNaturalistusedthediscoveriesandknowledgeofmodernscience.Hebelievedthatopinionsandmoralitywerecontrolledbysocial,economicandpsychologicalcauses.,TheNaturalisticwriterswerephilosophicalpessimists.(悲观哲学）Theyexplainedthatmanwastheproductofsocialprogressesandsocialevolution.Manwasaweakandincompetentanimalandmanhimselfcouldnotmasterhisownfate,manwasnolongerfree.,IntheNaturalisticworks,thereisaconcernwiththeanimalortheirrational（非理性）motivationsforhumanbehavior,sometimesmanifestedinconnectionwithsexualityandviolence.,WritingTechniques,RepetitionIfIamgoingtobedrowned,ifIamMorevividimpressionofthedespairandhopelessness.SimileMetaphor,PersonificationShedidnotseemtocrueltohim,norbeneficent,nortreacherous,norwise.Butshewasindifferent,flatlyindifferent.SymbolizationContrast,Symbols,Writingbackground:Itisbasedonwhatreallyhappenedtohimin1896.CranewastravellingfromtheUStoCubaasanewspapercorrespondent(reporter).Onenight,hisshipwashitbyasandbarandsankintheAtlanticOcean,mostpeopleonboardgotintolifeboat,Cranewasamongthelasttoleave,therearethreeotherswithhim:theshipscaptain,thecookandasailor.,Plot,Thestoryisaboutfourpeople,acorrespondent,acook,anoilerandacaptain,whowereabandonedontheboundlesssea,thoughtheyareextremelyhungryandexhausted,theynevergaveupthedesiretosurvive.theyformedateamwhichhadacleargoaltogetoutoftheplight.Thecaptainwhohadarichlifeexperienceisaleadingfigure,threeotherpeoplewereundercommandofthecaptain.Thecookresponsibleforscoopingwateroutoftheship,whilecorrespondentandoilerwerepaddling,theyworktogethertightlyforthehopeofsurvival.,Plot,Firstlythecaptainsawalifeofrefugenearmosquitoinletlight,theyseethehopeofsurvival,however,whentheygetclosetotheso-calledlifeofrefuge,therewasnotanyoneinit,theirhopesuddenlybecamedisillusioned.Thenhopecameagain,theysawapeoplestandingonthebeach,sotheythoughttheywouldsavethem,buttotheirsurprised,thatmancantunderstandtheirdilemmaandnotcalltherescueandleft.Inthefaceofrelentlessnature,fourhopelesspeoplearereluctanttoyield,eventhoughthehumansstrengtharelimited,threeofthemfinallymadeitandsafelywenttotheshore.,Themaincharacters,Majorthemesof“theopenboat,(1)Manseternalstruggleagainstnature,(2)Thefragilityofhumanexistenc