职高部被动语态课件.ppt

Welcome！,过去分词的变化规则,1.一般直接在词尾+ed2.以e结尾的直接加d3.以辅音+y结尾的把y变i加ed4.以辅元辅结构的，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed5.不规则变化的参照不规则动词表。,n+1+1,water,wateredwatered,use,usedused,study,studiedstudied,stop,stoppedstopped,do,diddone,ride,roderidden,Forexample,clean,finish,play,smoke,plant,carry,find,foundfound,make,mademade,invent,build,builtbuilt,sweep,sweptswept,take,tooktaken,buy,boughtbought,have,hadhad,Letshaveatry.,sing,sangsung,tell,toldtold,give,gavegiven,ThePassiveVoice,英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动),概念,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。,被动语态构成：be+过去分词,1）一般现在时：am/is/are+rebuilt,2)一般过去时：was/were+rebuilt,形式,以rebuild为例子,5)现在进行时态：is/am/are+being+rebuilt,3)一般将来时：will/shall+be+rebuilt,4)过去将来时would/should+be+rebuilt,6)过去进行时态：was/were+being+rebuilt,7)现在完成时：have/has+been+rebuilt,8）过去完成时：had+been+rebuilt,情态动词被动语态：情态动词+be+rebuilt,(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的),3、被动动态的用法：,Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.,Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.。,4、及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的主语大多数是物。,在英语中按动词后是否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词vt.不及物动词vi.。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。不及物动词不能直接加宾语。,HeteachesEnglishinourschool.,Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.,语态转换,宾变主，主变宾，宾+by，被动be加done,时态看主动,将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构。将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.,主动语态改为被动语态的方法,Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.,Theflowers,Whatdoesshedoeveryday?,everyday.,arewatered,byher,Heplaysbasketballeveryweek.,Basketballisplayedbyhimeveryweek.,一般现在时的被动语态：is/am/are+过去分词,Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool.,Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.,Mymothersweepstheflooreveryday.,Thefloorissweptbymymothereveryday.,2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyears.,Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastyear.,一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词,Iboughtacomputerlastterm,Acomputerwasbought(byme)lastterm.,ThelightwasinventedbyThomasEdison.,invent,ThomasEdisoninventedthelight.,TheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.,ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.,Thestudentsplantedmanytreesyesterday.,Manytreeswereplantedbythestudentsyesterday.,Thestudentsareplantingmanytrees.-Manytreesarebeingplantedbythestudents,3.ShewillteachClass6.,Class6willbetaughtbyher.,一般将来时的被动语态：Will/shall+be+过去分词,Theworkwillbefinishedbyhimnextweek.,Hewillfinishedtheworknextweek.,Willtheybuildanewhousenearschool?,Willanewhousebebuiltbythemnearschool?,现在进行时的被动语态：is/am/are+being+过去分词,4.SheisteachingClass6.,Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.,5.Thecar_(mend)bythemanwhenIgotthere.,过去进行时的被动语态：was(were)+being+过去分词,Manytrees_(plant)intheparksincelastyear.,现在完成时的被动语态：have(has)+been+过去分词,Theboxes_(carry)beforewegotthere.,过去完成时的被动语态：hadbeen+过去分词,3.Weshouldplantmanymoretrees.,Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.,含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词,Hecancarrythebasket.,Thebasketcanbecarriedbyhim.,Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.,Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.,Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.,Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.,Ourstudentsmustntsmokecigarettes.,Cigarettesmustntbesmokedbyourstudents.,Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.,Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,Iwasgivenabookbyher.,Abookwasgiventomebyher.,Shegavemeabook.,如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell）,主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）,8.Hemademedothework.,Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.,这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch),下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：,第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.,第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.,第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.,第五。在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说Itissaidthat据报导Itisreportedthat据推测Itissupposedthat希望Itishopedthat众所周知Itiswellknownthat普遍认为Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议Itissuggestedthat1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.,1.BananasaregrowninHainan.(海南种植香焦。）,2.Manymoretreeswillbeplantedinourschoolnextyear.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）,3.Werethetreesplantedbyhim.这些树是他种的吗？,4.Youngtreesmustbelookedafter.(必须照看好小树）,5.Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.(那栋楼房正在建设中。）,6.Thehomeworkhasbeenfinishedyet.（家作已经做完了。）,1Stamps_bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.2.Mustoldpeople_topolitely?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken3.Bikemustnt_everywhere.A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting4.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand_ontheroad.A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain,D,D,B,A,5.Theoldmanandthechildren_inourcountry.A.musttakegoodcare.B.mustbetakegoodcareofC.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof6.Alltreesmust_wellwhenitisdry.A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered7._Ithinktheshop_._No,itsopen.It_atsix.close,closeBclosed,closedC.closed;closesD.isclosed,closes,D,D,D,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework_intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk_inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong_bythechildren.4.Youneedntdoitnow.It_byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard_mebyLucylastweek.6.Hemademedothatforhim.I_thatforhim.7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook_tothelibrary.,canbefinished,isproduced,willbesung,needntbedone,wassentto,wasmadetodo,hasbeengiven,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,areused,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.,5.Lastyearwebuiltal