学生-阅读理解题推断题技巧.doc

_阅读理解判断推理题解题技巧深圳中学李芳胜1. 推断题应注重：(1). 不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；(2). 推理的根据来自于上下文。2. 推断题的常见形式：(1) It can be inferred from the text that _.(2) From the text we know that _.(3) The story implies that _.(4) The paragraph in the following passage will most probably be _.(5) The writers attitude toward is _.3. 推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断详细细节。Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂) and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well” replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house，it was _.A. very cleanB. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortableD. dirty and full of insects解析：要恢复原样须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫，因此推出答案为D。 We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book. Mum pointed at a big chair by the door and I knew she wanted me to sit down. While I watched mouth open in surprise, Mum took off her hat and coat and gave them to me to hold. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took out a wet mop. She pushed the mop past the desk and as the nurse looked up, Mum nodded and said, Very dirty floors. Yes, Im glad theyve finally decided to clean them, the nurse answered. She looked at Mum strangely and said, But arent you working late? Mum just pushed harder, each swipe(拖一下) of the mop taking her farther and farther down the hall. I watched until she was out of sight and the nurse had turned back to writing in the big book. After a long time Mum came back. Her eyes were shining. She quickly put the mop back and took my hand. As we turned to go out of the door, Mum bowed politely to the nurse and said, Thank you. Outside, Mum told me, Dagmar is fine. No fever. You saw her, Mum? Of course. I told her about the hospital rules, and she will not expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying as well. Its a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop is no good. You need a brush.1. When she took a mop from the small room what Mum really wanted to do was _.A. to clean the floor B. to please the nurseC. to see a patient D. to surprise the story-teller2. After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?A. It is a childrens hospital. B. It has strict rules about visiting hours.C. The conditions there arent very good. D. The nurses and doctors there dont work hard.3. Which of the following words best describes Mum?A. strangeB. warm-hearted C. clever D. hard-working1. 运用文段所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断第1道题要求读者判断妈妈从一间小房间拿拖把的真正意图是什么。应该说除了D选项与文段的信息完全无关外，其它三个选项相互间都有一定的干扰性，但只要我们注意到文段所叙述的事件的背景是在一家医院，再结合文段末尾作者与母亲之间的对话，就不难判断该题的正确答案是C选项。因为就常识而言，人们去医院的目的不外乎两个：1. 就诊；2. 探视病人。A选项展现的只是一种表面现象，不是妈妈拿拖把的真正目的；而妈妈去小房间拿拖把时是轻轻地走过去的，显然，也不是为了取悦护士，所以A、B两个选项都不符合文意。2. 运用已有的经验、经历或常识进行推理判断上文的第2道题要求读者判断所给的四个选项中那一个符合医院的实际情况。由于文段中没有相关的信息支持A选项，因此，可以排除；C、D两个选项与文段最后一段中妈妈说的Its a fine hospital有矛盾，因此，也可以排除。文段的第一句提到We walked in so quietly that the nurse at the desk didnt even lift her eyes from the book。根据常识我们知道，人们轻轻地走的原因无非存在两种可能性：1. 保持安静；2.避免被发现。联系到妈妈是冒充清洁工进入病房的，探视Dagmar时又提起hospital rules，因此可以断定我们如此轻轻地走进去的目的不是为了保持安静，而是避免被护士发现，从而可以进一步推断出避免被护士发现的原因是因为医院对探视病人的时间有严格规定，所以B选项是正确的。3. 紧扣主题或话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱有些题目要求读者根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、心智或品质作出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。例如，上文的第3题实际上是要读者判断妈妈是一个什么样的人。A、B两个选项与文段提供的信息没有任何联系，可以排除。从文段中描绘的妈妈拿起拖把为医院拖地这一细节事实来看，似乎可以用 warm-hearted 这个词来形容她的品质。但是，只要记住文段主要叙述的是妈妈是如何在规定探望病人的时间之外进入病房探望Dagmar这一话题，就不难判断妈妈拿拖把拖地的最终目的是什么，从而进一步得出结论：只有用 clever 这个词描绘妈妈才最合适。课堂测试：1. B （2009年天津高考试题）I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke（唤起） an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them allall the Englishes I grew up with.Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, Ive been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than “broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. Ive heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including peoples perceptions（认识）of the limited English speaker.I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mothers “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I wont get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken”, and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal（内在的） language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure: I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show; her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.41. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that _.A. she uses English in foreign tradeB. she is fascinated by languagesC. she works as a translatorD. she is a writer by profession43. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?A. Americans do not understand broken English.B. The authors mother was not respected sometimes.C. The author mother had positive influence on her.D. Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts.2. CTens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.The plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26funded with 2.5 million of taxpayers moneywas announced yesterday by Andy Burnham, the Culture Secretary. It received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged.The plan comes as West End theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. Attendances reached. 13.6 million in 2007, up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. Total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost 470 million.One theatre source criticized the Governments priorities（优先考虑的事） in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying: “I dont know why the Governments wasting money on this. The Yong Vic, as The Times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”There was praise for the Governments plan from Dominic Cooke of the Royal Court Theatre, who said: “I support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over England, not just in London.”Ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. In return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. It is likely to be on Mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre.Mr. Burnham said: “A young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. But sometimes people miss out on it because they fear its not for them. Its time to change this perception.”Jeremy Hunt, the Shadow Culture Secretary, said: “The real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. For too many children theatres are a no-go area.”49. We can infer from the passage that in England _.A. many plays are not for young peopleB. many young people dont like theatreC. people know little about the planD. children used to receive good arts education50. According to the passage, the issue to offer free tickets to young people seems _.A. controversialB. inspiringC. excitingD. unreasonable3. DNext time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when youre doing your holiday shopping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.Psychologists have known that one persons perception（感知） of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the studys hypotheses（假设）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.51. According to Paragraph 1, a persons emotion may be affected by _.A. the visitors to his officeB. the psychology lessons he hasC. his physical feeling of coldnessD. the things he has bought online54. We can infer from the passage that _.A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiencesB. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwideC. physical temperature affects how we see othersD. capable persons are often cold to others4. B （2009年四川高考试题）July 21st. 2007 was a typical English summers day it rained for 24 hours ! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss. By the time I left work at 5pm. However, the road into our village was flooded. Our house had never been flooded but, as I opened the front door. a wave of waters greeted me. Thank God the kids werent wish me, because the house was 5 feet deep in water. We lost everything downstairs. And the plaster had to be torn off the walls ceilings pulled down. At first we tried to push on through. We didnt want to move the children out of home. so we camped upstairs. We put a sheet of plastic across the floor to protect us from the damp. But after three months, we felt very sick, so we move to a wooden house in a park. The house was small. but at first we were all just delighted to be in a new place. Unfortunately, things took longer than expected and we were there for 10 months. The life there was inconvenient. What surprised me most was how much I missed being part of a community（社区）. We had lived in a friendly village with good neighbors, and Id never thought how much I，Id miss that. Although our situation was very bad, its difficult to feel too sorry for yourself when you look at whats happening elsewhere. I watched a news report about floods in Northern India and thought. “We didnt have a straw hut（茅草房）that was for Christmas. But I cant wait Im going to throw a party for our friends in the village to say thanks for their support. This year, I wont need any gifts living away from home for months has made me realize how little we actually need or miss all our possessions. Although we are replacing things, theres really no rush we have our home back. and thats the main thing. u46. It can be inferred from the text that the author。A. was sick of staying upstairs uB. cared much about her children uC. could not stand living in a wooden house uDdid not deal well with her family affairs during the flood 5. DCities alarmed by deaths and injuries of pedestrians are taking efforts to make crosswalks safer for people on foot, especially seniors and children who need more time to cross streets. A pedestrian is killed in a traffic accident in the USA every 110 minutes; one is injured every nine minutes, according to official data. Crosswalks can be especially dangerous for the elderly. Among people 70 and older, 36% of pedestrian deaths in 2006 occurred in crosswalks, compared with 21% of those younger than 70, according to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA) advise that next year states increase by nearly 15% the amount of time traffic lights provide for pedestrians to cross the street after the flashing orange hand appears. FHWA spokesman Doug Hecox says reasons for the change include an aging population that needs more time to cross, health-conscious Americans walking more, children encouraged to walk to prevent getting overweight and high gas prices pushing people to walk instead of drive. Pedestrian deaths went down by 12% from 5,449 in 1996 to 4,784 in 2006, Bur among those in 2006, 471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) says. 54. What is FHWAs suggestion to states? A. Fixing more traffic lights B. Providing more crosswalks C. Giving pedestrians more time to cross streets. D. Drivers dont give way 56. The report from NHTSA suggests that A. fewer people were injured in crosswalks B. crosswalk safety has been greatly improved C. much has been done to reduce traffic accidents D. pedestrian deaths in crosswalks remain a serious problem 6. C （2009年全国卷高考试题）We have met the enemy and he is ours We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest suddenly turns up in children in the American .Midwest its hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections （感染）we think of as human infections started in other animals “ says Stephen Morse director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are; were also bringing them closer to us Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country A strange illness killed Isaksens pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea “I dont think its fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them “says Isaksen“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）Monkey-pox doesnt look a major infectious disease But is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person64We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may_.Acome from ColumbiaBprevent us from being infectedCenjoy being with childrenDsuffer from monkey-pox67The text suggests that in the future we .A. may have to fight against more new diseasesB. may easily get infected by diseases from dogsC. should not be allowed to have petsD. should stop buying pests from Africa7. C. （2009年浙江高考试题）Plants cant communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plantsProduce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flowers sweetsmell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such asBugs and bees.Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack byHungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about theAttack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away - or even Chemicals that attract the bugs natural en