（外国语言学及应用语言学专业论文）《哈利·波特与魔法石》翻译的文内分析.pdf

vi 摘 要 文内分析理论是由德国功能学派的第二代代表人物克里斯蒂安? 诺德提出的。该理 论认为文内分析应从语义信息和文体含义两方面来进行。语义信息主要从文本的主题、 内容和假定进行分析, 而文体含义则集中分析文本的构成成分、词汇和句子结构。本论 文旨在通过文内分析来揭示哈利波特与魔法石的中译本是如何翻译的以及原著的 功能是如何在译著中得到体现的。 本论文首先简单综述了文内分析理论及其发展并提出论文研究的目的、意义和方 法。其次，本论文从语义信息和文体含义的角度提出分析文本的具体方法并强调了各个 不同要素之间的相互关系及内在联系。再次，通过一系列的对比，就翻译过程中所涉及 的文内因素进行分析。最后，本论文依据文内分析理论，对哈利? 波特与魔法石中 译本的主题、内容、不同的中西文化、不同的表达习惯和句法结构等方面进行了分析评 估。 本文得出结论如下：首先，译本的成功在于对文内因素的成功转化中外译本的 主题表达清晰, 译者成功地把原文的异域文化展现给中国读者； 中译本表达连贯, 中国 读者基本可以享受到原著的魅力; 译者对其读者取向做出了良好的定位； 中译文在宏观, 微观和主述位结构上的信息单元分布合理; 为满足中国读者的艺术需求译者在遣词造 句方面充分体现了汉语的表达方式和句法特点。其次，原作的目的和功能在译本中得到 基本体现，如哈利? 波特与魔法石在中国的热销就是很好的证明。 谨希望本研究有助于深化哈利波特系列作品的汉译研究，有助于文内分析理 论在研究翻译领域的应用。 关键词：目的论；翻译；文内分析；语义信息；文体含义 iv abstract the intratextual analysis of the skopostheory is a text analysis model offered by christiane nord the representative of the second- generation functionalists in germany. according to this approach, the texts are analyzed in two aspects: semantic information and stylistic implications. semantic information focuses on the subject matters, content and presuppositions, while the stylistic implications focus on the composition, lexis and sentence structure of the texts. based on the intratextual analysis, this thesis is intended to analyze how the chinese version of harry potter and philosopher s stone is translated and how the skopos of the original is presented in the translated version. this thesis begins with a brief review of the intratextual analysis theory and presents the aims, significance and methodology of this research. then, in the perspective of semantic information and stylistic implication it offers the corresponding method to analyze the text and emphasizes the relationship and interaction of the different terms. next, through a series of comparisons and contrasts, the intratextual factors involved in the translation process are analyzed. finally, the thesis investigates the chinese version with the analysis theory and evaluates the translation from the perspectives of subject matters, content, different cultures, different means of expressions and different syntactic structures. the findings of the research are as follows. firstly, the achievement of the chinese version of harry potter and philosopher s stone lies in its successful transference of intratextual factors: a) the subject matters are expressed lucidly both in the source text and the translated version and the particular cultural context of the source text is successfully verbalized by the translators; b) the different parts of the content realize a good cohesion so the chinese readers can basically share the charm of the original works; c) the translators make a good judgment on their prospective readers; d) the chinese version reasonably arranges the information units in the perspectives of macrostructure, microstructure and theme- rheme structure; e) the chinese version makes a good choice on the lexis level to measure up the artistic needs of the target readers; f) the translators did a good job in the sentence structure to cater to chinese culture and readers. secondly, the skopos of the original is basically presented in the chinese version, i.e. the mania of harry potter and v philosopher s stone in china. hopefully this research will be conducive to our further researches on the translation of harry potter series and the application of the intratextual analysis theory in translation studies. key words: skopostheory; translation; intratextual analysis; semantic information; stylistic implications iii 学位论文原创性声明 本人所提交的学位论文“intratextual analysis on the translation of harry potter and philosopher s stone” ，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作 所取得的原创性成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集 体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文 中标明。 本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 论文作者（签名） ： 指导教师确认（签名） ： 年 月 日 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解河北师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学 位论文的复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权河北师范大学可以将学位论 文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保 存、汇编学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在 年解密后适用本授权书） 论文作者（签名） ： 指导教师（签名） ： 年 月 日 年 月 日 1 chapter 1 introduction 1.1 aims of the research harry potter and philosopher s stone, the first novel of harry potter series of the british author j. k. rowling, was published by bloomsbury publishing plc in great britain in 1997. its publication means the beginning of a new era of harry potter mania and up to now all the seven books of the harry potter series have become bestsellers and won great success in the world. the achievement is certainly attributed to its fantastic plot, vivid characters, the plain language and the classic narrative device of the original novel. in 2000 this book, translated into chinese by cao shuling and ma ainong, was published by the people s literature publishing house. the translation won immediate success in china. this success proved the great charm of the original work again, and it also displayed the translators translation abilities. this thesis is intended to analyze the intratextual factors of the chinese translation of harry potter and philosopher s stone on the basis of the skopostheory. in light of the intratextual factors, the thesis attempts to illustrate how the chinese version transfers the intratextual factors of the original and how the skopos of the original is presented in the chinese version. the thesis will analyze the text from two aspects - the semantic information concerning with the subject matter, content and presuppositions, and the stylistic implications including composition, lexis and syntactic structure. 1.2 significance of the research in the present research, the text analysis model advocated by christiane nord is employed. this model was designed to be applicable to all text types and to accomplish any translation assignments that may arise. however, the current researches on this model are not enough and the research in light of the intratextual factors in translation is few and rare. hence it is worthwhile to do such researches. 2 since the appearance of the chinese version of harry potter and philosopher s stone in 2000, this book has produced great effect in china and become a bestseller in chinese book market. because of this popularity and resounding success, it deserves research. although some studies have been carried out on the translation works of the harry potter series, they are seldom conducted from the perspective of intratextual factors on the skopostheory. according to the model, the intratextual factors are majorly divided into two aspects: semantic information and stylistic implications. the thesis intends not only to implore the internal text structure, expression means and the cultural climate of the original version, but also to compare and contrast these factors with the chinese version in its translation process. through these investigations on the intratextual information, this thesis tries to reveal the inter- connection between the translated version and the original version so as to deepen the chinese translation research on the whole harry potter series. hence this thesis may offer some helpful source material for further researches on the literary translation criticism in light of the intratextual information analysis and it may be helpful for further researches on the harry potter series with the text analysis model. 1.3 methodology of the research in this thesis, the intratextual factors of the text analysis model are adopted to investigate both the original and the chinese versions. accordingly the texts are analyzed from two aspects - semantic information and stylistic implications with the former focusing on the subject matters, content and presuppositions and the latter focusing on the composition, lexis and sentence structure of the texts. the methods used in the research are as follows. firstly, a scrutiny is made into the original and the translated versions concerning with the linguistic features. secondly, comparisons and contrasts are carried out between the original and the chinese version. through both procedures, the similarities and differences will be exposed. finally, a qualitative analysis is carried out to illustrate how the chinese version is translated on the basis of intratextual factors on the skopostheory. 3 1.4 structure of the thesis the thesis consists of six chapters. chapter 1 is an introduction to the aims, significance and methodology of the research and structure of the thesis. chapter 2 gives a literature review of the related text analysis model, its origin, development, present status and challenges. it also discusses the related researches on the chinese translations of the harry potter series. chapter 3 presents the theoretical framework involving the semantic information and stylistic implications and the interrelations among the different intratextual factors. chapter 4 investigates the semantic information of harry potter and philosopher s stone and its chinese translation with respect to the subject matters, content and presuppositions. with comparison and contrast between the original and chinese versions, it illustrates that the great achievement of the translation lies in its successful transferring of the intratextual factors. chapter 5 investigates the stylistic implications of both versions with respect to composition, lexis and syntactic structure. hence, it is intended to present the stylistic changes in the original and the translated version due to the cultural and expressive differences. chapter 6 makes a conclusion of the research. 4 chapter 2 literature review 2.1 researches on intratextual factors in translation the intratextual analysis theory was firstly offered by katharina reiss. according to her, the text analysis should focus on two domains: the linguistic components such as the semantic elements, the lexical elements, the grammatical elements and stylistic elements; and the extra- linguistic determinants such as the immediate situation, the subject matter, the time, the place, the audience and the speaker factors. (nord, 2006:92- 93) so in her opinion whether the translated version has function or not, the translation critics should not be constrained over and over again by the analysis of the source text characters but should depend on the concrete translating circumstance. with further study, christiane nord finally proposed the model for translation- oriented text analysis in her book text analysis in translation in 1991. the intratextual information plays important role in this model and works as one of the key factor in her studies. the model inherited the others opinions, especially the opinions of reiss, on the text analysis and emphasized the function of the text should be one of the most important factors in the text analysis. nord explained the model as follows: by means of a comprehensive model of text analysis which takes into account intratextual as well as extratextual factors the translator can establish the function- in- culture of a source text. this is then compared with the (prospective) function- in- culture of the target text required by the initiator, identifying and isolating those st elements which have to be preserved or adapted in translation.（ibid., 24） so nord emphasized the translator should analyze the intratextual information on the basis of the prospective skopos of the target text and make the corresponding adjustments to measure up the needs of the target recipients. in order to comprehend concrete operational ways of the intratextual factors, nord classified the intratextual factors into eight basic terms：(1) subject matter, which refers to 5 “ what a communication that is about something is about” , namely the central theme of the text;(ibid., 93) (2) content, which is recommended by nord to be “ studied in the perspectives of paraphrase and cohesion” ;(ibid., 100- 101) (3) presuppositions, namely pragmatic presupposition which refers to as “ situational presupposition” , and those presuppositions are implicitly assumed by the speaker, who takes it for granted that this will also be the case with the listener;( ibid., 105) (4) text composition, which refers to “ the separable text segments such as opening paragraphs, quotations, thematic sequences” ;(ibid., 111) (5) non- verbal elements refer to “ the signs taken from other, non- linguistic, codes, which are used to supplement, illustrate, disambiguate, or intensify the message of the text” ;(ibid., 118) (6) lexis, which refers to “ the level of the style of the lexical elements (colloquial, formal), word formation and certain rhetorical figures such as metaphors or repetition of lexical elements” ; (ibid., 122) (7) sentence structure, which refers to “ the construction and complexity of sentences, the distribution of main clauses and subordinate clauses, the length of the sentences, the use of functional sentence perspective, the cohesive linking devices and so on” ; (ibid., 132) (8) suprasegmental features, which refers to “ the phonological gestalt comprising such items as prosody, intonation and stress” . (ibid., 132) in nord s opinion, the intratextual factors are interdependenct with each other such as the subject matter may determine the content, the composition and the lexis of the text; the content may also determine the choice of the lexis; the composition may determine the sentence structure; the lexis may determine the sentence structure and the suprasegmental features; on the other hand the lexis, sentence structure and suprasegmental features may determine both the subject matter and the content. so nord states: the most important principle, however, is that of recursiveness. this type of analysis is no one- way process, but contains any number of loops, in which expectations are built up, confirmed, or rejected, and where knowledge is gained and extended and understanding constantly modified. (ibid., 83) as a result, through the analysis of the intratextual factors, the readers usually can find out the specific choices that author employed to organize the text and can enjoy the styles and 6 the structures of the original works. the intratextual information can help the translator obtain further understanding on the functions of the source text and finally choose the suitable translation strategies for one s particular work. 2.2 researches on the chinese translation of the harry potter series among the nearly 70 translated harry potter versions, there are two chinese versions in china the complex characters version published by crown heritage publishing co., ltd. in taiwan province in june 2000 and the simplified character version published by the people s literature publishing house in beijing in september 2000. from then on, the “ harry potter mania” began to hit china. in a certain degree, we can say that the immense popularity of the harry potter series in china owes a lot to their successful translation. so some scholars begin to keep their eyes on the translations of the harry potter series and try to decipher the mystery of harry potter mania. studies on the translation of harry potter series developed prosperously in different directions. this activity was initiated by two post- graduates, who came from national taiwan normal university and finished their ma theses on harry potter in 2003. liu peirong investigated the different strategies used in the taiwan and mainland chinese translations of the harry potter series in her ma thesis “ v arying strategies used in the taiwan and mainland chinese translations of harry potter series novel” . huang huiying tried to appraise the quality of chinese translation in her ma thesis “ t ranslation quality assessment on a chinese version of harry potter and the chamber of secrets”. in 2006, zhou lin, a postgraduate from guizhou university studied the chinese version from the comparative literature and culture perspectives in his ma thesis “ the translation and reception of harry potter and philosopher s stone in china” . in 2007, both postgraduates from hefei polytechnic university made the translation study on harry potter. liu yao made a case study on translation criticism in her ma thesis “translation criticism: a case study on the two chinese version of harry potter and philosopher s stone” and guo xiaoju conducted a study from the perspective of text analysis in her ma thesis “ study on chinese translation of harry potter in light of translation- oriented text analysis” . although this thesis 7 employed the translation- oriented text analysis, this analysis model was put forward by de beaugrande if it is fictitious, the author has to analyze the text based on the internal conditions of time and place, the medium used and the motive for communication. in one word, through the content analysis the translator may find the unique organizing mode of the source text, make a better understanding of the central theme and extrapolate the connotative meaning of the original author. all these will lay a good foundation for the prospective translation studies and offer some help for a successful translation work. presuppositions, as the third term of the intratextual analysis, majorly refer to the situational presuppositions which are “ implicitly assumed by the speaker, who takes it for granted that this will also be the case with the listener. communication can therefore only be successful if speaker and listener both implicitly assume the same presuppositions in sufficient quantity” . (ibid., 105) therefore, presuppositions offered by the author must be known or assumed by both the source text readers and the target text readers. based on the different cultures, knowledge and language backgrounds of the readers, the translators sh