流行性感冒讲座.ppt

Influenza,Influenza,1.WhatisInfluenza?2.HowInfluenzaSpreads3.Symptoms4.Diagnosis5.Treatment6.HowtoPrevent,1.WhatisInfluenza?,Influenza(theflu)isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.,History：2,400years,Acoldisamilderrespiratoryillnessthantheflu.Whilecoldsymptomscanmakeyoufeelbadforafewdays.Flusymptomscanmakeyoufeelquiteillforafewdaystoweeks.Coldsymptomsusuallybeginwithasorethroat,whichusuallygoesawayafteradayortwo.Nasalsymptoms,runnynose,andcongestionfollow,alongwithacoughbythefourthandfifthdays.Feverisuncommoninadults,butaslightfeverispossible.Childrenaremorelikelytohaveafeverwithacold.Withcoldsymptoms,yournoseteemswithwaterynasalsecretionsforthefirstfewdays.Later,thesebecomethickeranddarker.Whetherapersonhastypicalseasonalfluorswineflu,thesymptomsseemtobequitesimilar.Flusymptomsareusuallymoreseverethancoldsymptomsandcomeonquickly.Symptomsofswinefluandseasonalfluincludesorethroat,fever,headache,muscleachesandsoreness,congestion,andcough.Swinefluinparticularisalsoassociatedwithvomitinganddiarrhea.,DifferenceBetweenColdorFLU,Influenza(theflu)isacontagiousrespiratoryillnesscausedbyinfluenzaviruses.Itcancausemildtosevereillness,andattimescanleadtodeath.Thebestwaytopreventseasonalfluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccinationeachyear.InvirusclassificationinfluenzavirusesareRNAvirusesthatmakeupthreeofthefivegeneraofthefamilyOrthomyxoviridae.InfluenzavirusAInfluenzavirusBInfluenzavirusC,Influenza(theflu),1918H1N1Spanishflu40millionH2N3Fareastflu2million1968H2N3HongKongflu700000,WorldWarI：8to10million,20thcentury,KeyInfluenzaAViralFeatures,神经氨酸酶（N）,血凝素（H）,Influenza:AnEver-ChangingVirus,Antigenicdrift:Smallchange,happencontinuallyovertimeIsoneofthemainreasonswhypeoplecangettheflumorethanonetimeAntigenicshift:Isanabrupt,majorchangeResultsinanewinfluenzaAsubtypeoravirus,2.HowInfluenzaSpreads,Peoplewithflucanspreadittoothersuptoabout6feetawayMostexpertsthinkthatfluvirusesarespreadmainlybydropletsmadewhenpeoplewithflucough,sneezeortalkThesedropletscanlandinthemouthsornosesofpeoplewhoarenearbyorpossiblybeinhaledintothelungs.Lessoften,apersonmightalsogetflubytouchingasurfaceorobjectthathasfluvirusonitandthentouchingtheirownmouthornose(contacttransmission),AccordingtoCenterfordiseasecontrol&prevention(CDC),symptomsofH1N1influenzaresemblesseasonalinfluenzaandotheracuteupperrespiratorytractinfections.,3.Symptoms,FeverwithorwithoutchillsLethargyLackofappetiteSorethroatCoughRunningnoseBodyacheHeadacheNauseaVomitingDiarrhea,4.Diagnosis,DifficulttodiagnoseSimilartothecommoncoldOnsetofsymptomsmayoccurrapidly,Diagnosis,Itcanbetestedforinthelab,Leukopeniaparticularlylymphopeniamild-to-moderatethrombocytopeniaslightlyormoderatelyelevatedaminotransferaselevelsMarkedhyperglycemiarelatedtocorticosteroiduseelevatedcreatininelevels,Commonlaboratoryfindings,viralisolationchickembryosculturedcells,VirologyDiagnosis,VirologyDiagnosis,Real-timePCRRapidQuantitative,Immunofluroscence,RapidDistinguishbetweeninfluenzaAandBviruses,VirologyDiagnosis,Drugsprovedresistantatpresent,5.Treatment,6.HowtoPrevent,8StepstoProtectYourselfIndividualpreparednessBeforethepandemiccomesWhenthepandemiccomes,Step1BepreparedStep2GetvaccinatedStep3KeephandscleanStep4Usemaskproperly,8StepsToProtectYourself,Step5KnowhowinfluenzapresentsStep6ManagefeverwellStep7PractisehealthylifestyleStep8Beresourceful,8StepsToProtectYourself,Step1:BePrepared,Buildupgoodpersonalhygienewashhandsfrequentlywearmaskwhensymptomsofrespiratorytractinfectiondevelopcovermouthandnosewithtissuewhencoughingorsneezinganddisposeofsoiledtissueproperlyinaliddedrubbishbinavoidtouchingeyes,mouthornose,Step1:BePrepared,Seasonalpeaks:Jan-Mar/JulAugInfluenzavaccinationoneoftheeffectivemeansofpreventinginfluenzaanditscomplicationsInfluenzavaccinationisrecommendedtospecialgroups,Step2:GetVaccinated,Step2:GetVaccinated,Step2:GetVaccinated,Peoplenotsuitabletoreceiveinfluenzavaccination:Allergictoeggs,neomycin,etcAllergictopreviousdoseofinfluenzavaccineWithbleedingdisordersoronwarfarindeepsubcutaneousinjectionSufferfromacutefebrileillnessreceivewhenrecover,Step2:GetVaccinated,TwoweeksaftervaccinationantibodiesdevelopandprovideprotectionImmunitydeclinesovertime,Step2:GetVaccinated,Step3:KeepHandsClean,Step3:KeepHandsClean,Step3:KeepHandsClean,Step4:UseMaskProperly,outward,Inward,Step4:UseMaskProperly,Pointstonoteaboutwearingasurgicalmask:ThemaskshouldfitsnuglyoverthefaceTrynottotouchthemaskonceitissecuredonyourface.Ifyoumustdoso,washyourhandsbeforeandaftertouchingthemaskWhentakingoffthemask,avoidtouchingtheoutsideofthemask,Step4:UseMaskProperly,Pointstonoteaboutwearingasurgicalmask:Aftertakingoffthemask,putthemaskintoaplasticorpaperbagbeforeputtingitintoarubbishbinwithalidAsurgicalmaskshouldbechangedatleastdailyReplacethemaskimmediatelyifitisdamagedorsoiled,Step4:UseMaskProperly,Step5:KnowHowInfluenzaPresents,Step6:ManageFeverWell,Step7:PractiseHealthyLifestyle,IsoneofthemosteffectivewaystopreventcommunicablediseasesToleadahealthylifestyle:EatabalanceddietGetregularexerciseDonotsmokeHaveadequaterestbuildupbodyresistance,Step7:PractiseHealthyLifestyle,MajorcomponentsofabalanceddietAvarietyoffoodWholegrainsasthemajorcomponentofeachmealPlentyoffruitsandvegetablesAdequateamountsoffluids,Eatadequateamountsofleanmeatorbeans,andreducedfatdairyproductsAvoidprocessedorpreservedfoodandfoodthatisrichinfat,cholesterol,saltandsugarHaveregularmeals,Step7:PractiseHealthyLifestyle,Regularexercise:30