Supplementary Reading Material（英文版）(ppt 83页)

AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,SupplementaryReadingMaterial,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Introduction:,Whatispunctuation?,Standardmarksandsignsthatareusedinwritingandprintingtoseparatewordsintosentences,clauses,andphrasesinordertoclarifymeaning.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,punctuationapostropheparenthesesbracketscommahyphenfullstop,括弧,圆括号方括弧标点,标点符号连字号句号逗号撇号；省略号,Punctuationwhoswho,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,colonsemicolondashellipsisquotationmarksexclamationpoint,破折号省略符号引号惊叹号冒号分号,Punctuationwhoswho,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,apostropheparenthesesbracketscolonsemicoloncommahyphendashellipsisquotationmarksslash,():;,-“”or/,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Punctuation,apostropheparenthesesbracketscolonsemicoloncomma,hyphendashellipsisquotationmarksslashterminatingmarks,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,1.Apostrophe,Usedwhenletters/numbersareomitted,thewinterof89thecarisntmineitsperfect,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Whenusedwithnouns,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,1.1,plural/singular,thechildrenstoys,thecommitteesdecision,amotherslove,notendinginans,add:s,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,1.2,thekidstoys,thesoldiersduties,theJoneseshouse,plural,endinginans,add:apostrophe,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,1.3,theactresssdress,or:theactressdress,singular,endinginans,add:sorjustanapostrophe,thewitnesssreport,or:thewitnessreport,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Exception:,JesusstrengthAchillesheel,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,1.4,HenryandEmilyshouse,commonpossession,add:stothelastname,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,1.5,notcommonpossession,add:stoeachperson,HenrysandEmilyshouse,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,2.Parentheses,roundbracket()2.1Toclarifyorinform2.2Forasidesandcomments,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,2.1Toclarifyorinform,Jennysbrotherisverytall(morethan2meters)andwell-trainedforplayingbasketball.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,2.2Forasidesandcomments,Hishairwasred(Ikidyounot).,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,3.Bracket,squarebrackets3.1Toamendorsupplementthegivendetails.3.2Toreplacephrasesforclarityorbrevity.,editorialinformation,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,3.1,HisbookAnApproachtoEnglishPedagogywasfirstpublishedin2001.,Toamendorsupplementthegivendetails.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,3.2,Theordinancedecreedthatstudentshaveaccesstothedata.,Toreplacephrasesforclarityorbrevity.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,4.Colon,4.1Beforealist4.2Beforeasummary4.3Beforeaquotation,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,4.1,Therewerethreetypesofpeopleonthebus:singers,dancers,musicians.,Beforealist,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,4.2,Tosummarize:werentedacar,droveittothehill,gotoffthecar,andwentintothecave.,Beforeasummary,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,4.3,BenjaminFranklinsaid:Hewhogivesuplibertyforsecuritywillendupwithneitherlibertynorsecurity.,Beforeaquotation,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Question:,Doyouneedtocapitalizethefirstletterafteracolon?,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,5.Semicolon,SentenceA;sentenceB.,Linkingtwoindependentsentences,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Also:,Iborrowedthefollowinggoodbooksfromthelibrarytoday:theGadfly,byE.L.Voynich;GonewiththeWind,byMargaretMitchell;theThornbirds,byColleenMccullough;WarandPeace,byLeoTolstoy.,inalist,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Question:,Isthefirstletterofthefirstwordafterasemicolonrequiredtobecapitalized?,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.Comma,themostcomplicated,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.1,WefoundthefollowingthingsinJohnsbag:severalbooks,apencilbox,acalculatorandatoybear.,Toconnectalistofwords,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.2,When“but”or“for”areused.When“and”or“or”areused.(optional),AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(1)When,Ididmybesttopasstheexam,butitwasjusttoodifficult.Ifeltnoremorse,forIdidmybest.,but,for,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(2)When,ThetouristsarefromGermany,Austria,andHolland.Thesizesaresmall,mediumorlarge.,and,or,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.3,(1)Thesunwaswhite,notred,andthewholecountrywasamidthickfog.,Toindicatecontrast,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.3,(2)Thedirections,whichwereintendedtohelpthetesttakers,weredifficulttounderstand.,Tofunctionasbrackets,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.3,(3)WernerSchlager,anAustrian,beatalltheAsiantabletennisplayersandwontheworldchampionship.,Togiveadditionalinformation,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.3,(4)Mr.Twist,whoenjoysfishing,ishardlyeverathomeduringweekends.,Toformnon-restrictiveclauses,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.3,(5)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavestayedhome.Thoughthesnakewassmall,shestillfearedforherlife.,Todivideasubordinateclausefromitsmainclause,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.3,Toindicatecontrast.Wherethephrasecouldbeinbrackets.Wherethephraseaddsrelevantinformation.Wheretheadditionisnotnecessarytothemeaningofthesentence.Wherethemainclauseofthesentenceisdependentontheprecedingclause.,additionalinformation,give,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.4,Acommaisoftenusedforintroductoryoropeningphrases:,Ingeneral,Asianplayersareverygoodattabletennis.Onthewhole,theirmarriagewasahappyone.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.5,ToMartha,Danielleftabunchofroses.,indicateapause,(1)Tomakethereadingmorenatural.(2)Toavoidconfusion.,Whateverhappens,Iwillnotselloutmyfriends.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.6,(1)Whenaddressingsomeonebyname.(2)Whenquotingdirectspeech.,Whenaddressingorquoting,Henry,Ithinkyouneedtosupervisetheprojectyourself.,Andthenthebosssaid,Ithinkyouneedtosupervisetheprojectyourself.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,6.7,Gotheretooearlyandyouwillhavetowaitoutsidethetheater,gotheretoolateandyoumaymissthebeginningofthemovie.,indicatetheomissionofawordorphrase,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,7.Hyphen,7.1Usedwithprefixesandsuffixes7.2Usedwithacapitalletter7.3Toformcompoundwords7.4Usedwithfractionsandnumbers7.5Orderlinessconsideration,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,7.1Usedwithprefixesandsuffixes,ToavoidmultiplelettersToconnectacapitalizedrootwordTointroducespecificprefixesandsuffixesToavoidawkwardpronunciationTointroducewordswiththesameprefixorsuffix,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(1)Toavoidmultipleletters,re-examinepre-eminent,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(2)Toconnectacapitalizedrootword,pre-Columbiananti-American,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(3)Tointroducespecificprefixesandsuffixes,self-abandonedall-aroundex-servicemanvice-chairmanpresident-elect,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(4)Toavoidawkwardpronunciation,re-readre-release,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(5)Tointroducewordswiththesameprefixorsuffix,pre-andpost-warover-andunder-age,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,7.2,X-rayT-shirtU-turn,Usedwithacapitalletter,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,7.3,ToshowclarityTointroducecompoundadjectives,Toformcompoundwords,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(1)Toshowclarity,sit-downstand-alonemother-in-law,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(2)Tointroducecompoundadjectives,red-bloodedyouthup-to-datefashions,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,7.4Usedwithfractionsandnumbers,UsedwithfractionsUsedbetweennumbers(21-99),AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(1)Usedwithfractions,one-halftwo-thirdsthree-quarters,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,(2)Usedbetweennumbers,thirty-foureighty-seven,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,7.5,attheright-handmarginofthepage,dividewords,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,8.Dash,Adash()isdoublethelengthofahyphen(-).8.1Usedforemphasis8.2Usedforexplanationoraddition,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,8.1Usedforemphasis,Theplaywasasuccessarealhit.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,8.2Usedforexplanationoraddition,TheCorporateSecretarialPracticeonebookoftheserieswaspublishedinOctober,2007.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,9.Ellipsis,Theregulationstates,“Applicantsmayriskdisqualification.Alldocumentswillbeexaminedcarefullyforauthenticity.”Shewouldalwaysgrabmyhandandask,“Youknowwhathappenedto.?”,9.1indicatemissingwordsinaquotation,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Thesecondfunction,9.2akindoftrailingoffeffect,Butnotoften,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Note:,Whenuseellipsisattheendofthesentence,.,ellipsis,terminatingmark,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,10.Quotationmarks,10.1Toshowdirectquotations10.2Toshowwritingtitles10.3Toshowstatingdefinitions10.4Toshowsarcasm,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,10.1Toshowdirectquotations,Janeasked,Whydidntyoucomeearlier?,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,Note:,Bensaid,WhenJaneaskedhimwhydidntyoucomeearlier,shehadtearsinhereyes.,doublequotationmark,singlequotationmark,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,10.2Toshowwritingtitles,OverthelastweekIhavebeenreadingaChinesenovel“ADreamofRedMansions”.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,10.3Toshowstatingdefinitions,GuaiLoisCantoneseforamaleforeignerfromwesterncountries.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,10.4Toshowsarcasm,The“gift”wasonlyafolderfilledwithflysheets.,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,11.Slash,11.1Toshowachoice11.2Towritefractions,AnIntroductiontoEnglishPunctuation,11.1Toshowachoice,Alwaysrememberthatyoushoulddoonlyonejobatatime(telephoning/t