段落翻译练习95159.doc

【汉译英】波士顿咨询公司最近做的一项研究显示，到2020年中国将会有2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元的富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在 “较小城市”。随着网络的发展，较小城市的消费者的一种必然趋势是他们更加依赖社交网络服务上的信息。很多网络顾客都是通过微信、微博和QQ空间分组的。据估计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市的消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高的工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市的消费者的花费高。【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers, who are from households earning between $ 20,000 to $ 1 million, in China by 2020, and 75 percent of them will live in “smaller” cities. With the development of the Internet, an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services. Many of the websites customers are “grouped” by Wechat, Weibo and QQ Zones. It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities。中国贸易对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边 (bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的 问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达 到了 3150亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民 币的估价。【参考译文】 For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner. However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world. The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago. There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.蒙古族牧民(herdsmen)的生活方式很有特色。牧民们喜欢吃牛羊肉和奶制品 (dairyproduct)，喜欢喝红茶和砖茶(bricktea)。他们大多住在圆形的蒙古包(ger) 里。蒙古包顶上开有天窗，用来通风(ventilation)和采光。蒙古族是一个能骑善射、能歌善舞的民族。每年七、八月举行的那达慕大会(Nadama Fair)，是蒙古族人民一年一度的盛大节日，大会上有赛马、摔跤、射箭(archery)比赛和精彩的歌舞表演。参考答案：The Mongolian herdsmens life style has distinguishing features. The herdsmen like eating red meat and dairy products，and drinking black tea and brick tea. Most of them live in circular gers with windows on the top, used for ventilation and lighting. The Mongolians are a group talented in riding and shooting，and singing and dancing. The Nadama Fair, which is held in July and August every year，is the Mongolian peoples annual grand festival. There would be horse racing，wrestling，archery race and excellent musical and dance performances on the festival.景泰蓝(Jingtailan)艺术是雕刻、绘画和塑瓷(porcelainmaking)的独特融合。据说景泰蓝于元朝时诞生于北京，现存最古老的景泰蓝就造于元朝。但是景泰蓝在明朝时经历了巨大的变革。那时，人们认为景泰蓝最为复杂。然而，由于熔铜技术 (copper-melting techniques)的伟大发明，景泰蓝于清朝时达到顶峰。用景泰蓝能够制成大件物品，如花瓶、其他器皿和装饰品，也能制成小物品，如耳环、手镯或筷子。新中国成立以来，涌现出了很多新品种的景泰蓝，在国内外享有很高的声誉。参考答案：The art of Jingtailan is a unique combination of sculpture, painting and porcelain making. It is said to have originated in Beijing during the Yuan Dynasty. The oldest extant piece was made during the Yuan Dynasty, but Jingtailan had a major change during the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Jingtailan was considered to be the most complicated. However, it reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty because of great innovations in copper-melting techniques. Jingtailan can be made into large objects such as vases and other large utensils and decorative items, as well as small items like earrings, bracelets or chopsticks. Since new China was founded, quite a number of new varieties have been created. It enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.宴会通常在饭店的包间(private rooms)举行，要么是晚宴，要么是午宴。主宾 (the guest of honor)通常第一个进入房间。在正式的晚宴上，主陪(the main host)和主宾对面坐，主陪背对着门，主宾面对着门。客人应该等着被引导到他们的位置上，直到主宾和主陪都坐下之后，客人才可以坐下。宴会的主菜通常包括凉菜和热炒，通常还有象征富足蕴意的整条鱼，还有汤。上水果则标志着饭局的结束。参考答案：Banquets are usually held in restaurants in private rooms，either for dinner or lunch. The guest of honor typically enters the room first. At a formal dinner the main host and guest are seated facing each other，the host with his back to the door and the guest facing the door. Guests should wait to be guided to their places and should not sit until the main host and guest have done so. Banquets usually have main course which includes cold dishes, hot stir fries, often with a whole cooked fish which symbolizes abundance, and soup. Serving fruit signals the end of the meal.中国通过了第一部物权法，下令对北京的几百座四合院进行保护。然而，批评家们指出，所谓“保存”常常只是拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新的来代替。马岩松曾经说过：“现在的做法就是在假造古董，这不好。胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困的老住户要么就像主题公园里的演员，要么就被踢出去，以便富人们可以购买这些房子。老北京的精神正在消亡。” 重点词汇： 物权法 property law 四合院 courtyard 拆掉 knock down 代替 replace 假古董 fake antique 胡同 hutong 主题公园 theme park 踢出去 kick out 消亡 die away参考答案：China has passed the first property law, ordering to protect Beijings hundreds of courtyards. But critics say, so-called “conservation” just means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style. For this, Ma Yansongs opinion is “The way is just to build fake antiques, it is not nice. These hutongs attract many tourists. The poor, old residents are either like actors in a theme park or they are kicked out so that the rich can buy these houses. The spirits of old Beijing are now dying away.”泼水节(Water-Spri nk|ing Festi va|)是傣族最隆重的节日，也可以称之为傣族的“新年”。泼水节已有700多年的历史，一般在每年的4月13日举行，持续3至7天。大家用纯净的清水相互泼洒，祈求洗去过去一年的不顺，新的一年带着美好的愿望再次出发。人们把第三天视为最美好最吉祥的日子。在这天，人们观看龙舟竞赛，跳孔雀舞。活动内容丰富，场面极为热闹。除了我国傣族，亚洲其他国家，如泰国，也有庆祝泼水节的习俗。Water-Sprinkling Festival(Songkran)is the most important festival of the Dai Ethnic People，which can be also calledNew Year”of Dai People Songkran has over 700 years of historyIts generally held on April 13 each year and lasts about 3-7 daysPeople splash each other with pure water,to wash away the bad luck in the past year,so as to start again with good wishes for the new yearThe third day is taken as the most wonderful and auspicious dayOn this day，people watch dragon boat races，and perform Peacock dances，with abundant activities of festival happinessIn addition to the Dai people in China，Songkran Festival is also observed by other Asian countries including Thailand随着人口老龄化增长趋势的日益显现，空巢老人中存在的问题也逐渐突出，关爱空巢老人越来越成为人们关注的话题。空巢老人是指那些孩子不在身边、独自居住的老年人。他们缺少家人关爱，生活寂寞。因为孩子们长时间不回家，家庭如同空巢一般。这些老人们很容易产生不良情绪。作为子女，即使远在异地，也应经常通过电话与父母进行感情和思想的交流。With the increasingly apparent trend of aging population，empty-nest elderly become increasing concerns for peopleCaring about lonely elders become topics of increasing concernElders of empty nest refer to those lonely elders who live by themselves without their children nearbyThey lack in family love and live in lonelinessSince their children are not with them for long，their homes look like empty nestsThese elders are apt to have negative emotionsFor the children of elders，though living far away,its incumbent for them to keep regular communication with their parents on their feelings and thoughts谈起我国的吉祥艺术。不得不提鼻烟壶(Snuff bottIe)。尽管它的历史不长，却浓缩了历史悠久的中国传统文化；尽管鼻烟是舶来品，但鼻烟壶经过中国能工巧匠的精心打造，很快便成为一个独立的、崭新的工艺术美术品种；尽管它很袖珍，但集多种工艺之大成，被广大收藏爱好者视为珍贵文玩。鼻烟壶所蕴含的吉祥文化，不仅在装饰中表现得淋漓尽致，而且还表现在材质、造型等方面。Snuff bottle is a must-be-mentioned item in terms of art of mascot in ChinaDespite its short history,it concentrates the features of traditional Chinese culture with long historySnuff bottle originated from abroad，but it quickly became an independent new work of art with meticulous efforts by Chinese craftsmenIt looks small，but integrates the culmination of a variety of techniques，and is deemed by many collectors to be valuable artworkSnuff bottle implies auspicious culture，which is not only vividly displayed in decoration，but also in materials，shapes and so on故宫是世界上规模最大、保存最完整的帝王宫殿建筑群。它位于北京的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫。明朝的十四个皇帝和清朝的十个皇帝曾在这里居住，他们统治中国的时间长达491年。故宫始建于明朝永乐四年，历经15年方才建成，迄今已有570多年的历史。它占地72万多平方米，四周有各类宫殿房屋9900余间。故宫的建筑集中地体现了中国古代建筑艺术的精湛水平和民族特色。Forbidden City is the worldS largest and best preserved imperial palace complexIt is located in the center of Beijing，and served as the Palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing dynasty once lived hereThey ruled China for up to 49 1 years in totalConstruction of the Imperial Palace started in the 4th year of Yongle reign of Ming Dynasty,and it took 15 years to finish the constructionIt has been standing there for more than 570 years by nowThe complex covers more than 720，000 square meters，with more than 9900 rooms in the surroundin9Sophisticated art of ancient Chinese architecture and national wisdom is integrated in the buildings of the Imperial Palace对联(Chinese couplet)也叫“对子”，由两句形式相通、内容相连的语句组成。第一部分称作“上联”，贴在右侧，第二部分，即“下联”则贴在左侧。两行字不仅字数要一致，而且相同位置上的字必须对仗工整(antithetic in form)，平仄协调(harmonious in tone)。按用途不同，对联可以分为很多种，在新年贴的对联也叫“春联”，表达了人们的美好祝福与愿望，也为新年增添了节日气氛。The Chinese Couplet The Chinese couplet is also called Duizi It consists of two sentences which are identical in form and interrelated in meaning The first line is called upper couplet, which is put up or hung on the right side, and the other is called lower couplet, which is placed on the left side Not only are the two lines required to have an equal number of characters, the words stand in the same position in each of the two sentences must be antithetic in form and harmonious in tone For different purposes, there are different couplets The couplet for the Spring Festival is called Chunlian, which conveys the blessing and good wishes of the people and enhances the festive atmosphere of the New Year, too每年农历七月初七是中国的情人节(ValentineSDay)。关于这个节日有一个美丽的传说：王母娘娘(the Queen ofHeaven)最年幼的女儿“织女”爱上了人间的男子“牛郎”，王母反对仙女与凡人相爱，就用银河(Milky Way)将他们隔开。但牛郎和织女的爱情感动了人间的喜鹊(magpie)，每年七月初七这一天，喜鹊会搭起一座鹊桥让这对情侣相见。而如今在这一天，年轻的女子常在月下向织女祈祷，期望得到美满的姻缘。Chinese Valentines Day The seventh day of the seventh month in the lunar calendar is Chinese Valentines Day There is a beautiful legend about this festival: Zhi Nu the youngest daughter of the Queen of Heaven, fell in love with Niu Lang, a cowherd on earth Zhi Nus mother was opposed to the love between a fairy and a human, so she separated the two lovers with the Milky Way However, their love story moved the magpies on earth Those magpies gather together annually on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month to form a magpie bridge, so that the couple can meet each other once in a year Today, on this day, young girls often pray to Zhi N in the moonlight, wishing for a happy marriage每年农历的正月十五是元宵节。早在两千多年前的西汉时期(the Western Han Dynasty)，元宵节就已经成为一个具有重要意义的节日。在这天，人们制作各种漂亮的灯笼、设计有趣的灯谜；同时多种表演，如舞龙灯、舞狮子、踩高跷(walking on stilts)等也会上演。和其他中国传统节日一样，元宵节也有特定的食品，叫“汤圆(gluepudding)”。汉语中，汤圆和“团圆”发音相似，代表着家庭团圆、和谐和快乐。 The Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month As early as more than2,000 years ago, in the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance On the Lantern Festival, Chinese people craft many types of beautiful lanterns and create many interesting lantern riddles At the same time, performances such as dragon lantern dance, lion dance and walking on stilts will be staged Just like Chinas other traditional festivals, the Lantern Festival also has its own special dish- Tangyuan, a glue pudding Tangyuan has asimilar pronunciation with tuanyuan (reunion) in Chinese, representing reunion, harmony and happiness for the family 中国是一个文化历史悠久的(timehonoreD国度，也是一个礼仪(ceremony anddecorum)之邦。每当客人来访，都需要泡茶给客人喝。在给客人奉茶之前，你应该问问他们都喜欢喝什么类型的茶，并采用最合适的茶具奉上。奉茶期间，主人需要仔细留意客人的茶杯里的茶量。通常，若是用茶杯泡的茶，在茶喝完一半之后就应该加开水，这样，茶杯就一直都是满的，茶的芳香(bouquet)也得以保留。 Chinese Tea Culture China is a country with a time-honored civilization and also a land of ceremony and decorum Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy, and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water remains in the guests cups Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup,boiling water should be added into the cup when half of the tea in it has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled and the tea retains the same bouquet中国的互联网是全世界发展最快的，2010年，中国大概有4.2亿网民，而且人数还在迅速的增长，互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化，中国的网民往往不同与国外的网民，美国的网民更都多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件，买卖商品，科学研究，规划形成或者付款，中国网民更多都是出于社交的原因使用互联网，因而更广泛的使用论坛、博客，聊天室等。 参考译文 The Internet community of China is developing in the fastest way in the world.China has about 420 million netizens in 2010,and the number is still growing rapidly.The growing popularity of Internet has brought significant changes to the society.And Chinese netizens are often different from the netizens in America.American netizens are more motivated by actual needs,using the Internet as a tool to send e-mails, buying and selling goods,plan trips or payment.Chinese netizens are more use the Internet for social reasons.Hence,they use QQ and chat-rooms for a wider range.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples consumption concept is undertaking great changes .According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development .Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life. 大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会有着特殊