《大学语法之形容词》PPT课件.ppt

,EnglishGrammar(第七讲形容词和副词）,Unit7AdjectiveandAdverb,长长的，黑色的，英国制造的，非常漂亮的一支新的塑料钢笔,anicelongnewblackBritishplasticpen,形容词adjective,一、形容词的位置,记住opshacom这个杜撰的词，就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。op表示opinion,人们观点的形容词，beautiful,lovelysh表示shape，形状的形容词，long,short,rounda表示age，年龄，时代的形容词，old,new,youngc表示color，颜色的形容词，red,black,whiteo表示origin，国籍、地区的形容词，German,Britishm表示material，材料的形容词，plastic,metal,二、形容词作后置定语的情况,AlivecreaturesareremarkablydiversifiedintheirsizesABCDandshapes.,A.Alive改为Living,1.形容词作anything,everything,nothing,something,anybody,everybody,somebody,nobody,2.以字母a-开头的某些表示状态的形容词作定语时要后置，常见的有afraid,alive,alone,ashamed,alike,asleep,awake,akin（相似的）,aware,ablaze（发光的）,adrift（漂浮的）,afloat,afire（燃烧的）,averse（不喜欢的）,amiss（出了差错的，有毛病的）等。,Amanafraidisamanashamed.害怕的人也是害羞的人。,3.某些外来形容词，常见的如total,general,martial,laureate,royal等在某些固定词组中作定语时。sumtotal总额courtmartial军事法庭secretarygeneral秘书长consul-general总领事Attorney-General检察总长PoetLaureate桂冠诗人AstronomerRoyal皇家天文台台长,4.成对的形容词，如表示年龄、性别、大小、好坏等词作定语时要后置。,Allcountries,bigorsmall,strongorweak,shouldbeequal.Theneuronhasnocharge,eitherpositiveornegative.中子不带阳电，也不带阴电。,三、作前置定语和后置定语意义不同的形容词,present,proper,due,concerned,involved,adopted,used,elect,responsible,opposite,1.present,作前置定语目前的，现在的,作后置定语在场的，出席的,Thepresentsituationisexcellent.Theemployeespresentshouldvoteontheissue.,2.proper,3.due,作前置定语适当的；恰当的,作前置定语到期的,作后置定语本身的,作后置定语应支付的,Hehasmadeaproperarrangement.Thequestionproperhasntbeenanswered.,Illgiveyouananswerinduetime.Theresmuchmoneyduethismonth.,4.concerned,作前置定语担心的，忧虑的,作后置定语有关的，负责的,Theconcerneddoctorrangforanambulance.Theauthoritiesconcernedissuedastatementyesterday.,5.involved,6.adopted,作前置定语复杂的,作前置定语收养的,作后置定语有牵连的,作后置定语采纳的，被选择的,Itwasaveryinvolvedexplanation.Allthepeopleinvolvedhavebeenquestioned.,Heismyadoptedson.Thisistheproposaladopted.,7.used,作前置定语旧的，二手的,作后置定语被用的，被采纳的,Imgoingtobuyausedcar.Thebookusedwaswrittenbyhimfiveyearsago.,8.elect,9.responsible,作前置定语挑选的，精选的,作前置定语有责任心的，认真负责的,作后置定语当选的，选出尚未就职的,作后置定语负有责任的,Thiselectbody（选出的机构）meetsonceayear.ThepresidentelecttakesoverinMay.,Janeisaresponsiblegirl.Thegirlresponsiblewasdismissed.,10.opposite,作前置定语相反的,作后置定语对面的，对过的,Thetwomenwentoffinoppositedirections.Thewomanoppositewasknittingacardigan（开襟毛衣).,四、可用作副词的形容词,有些形容词有时可作副词，常见的有dark,dead,wide,right,bitter,white,new,tight,pretty,damned,precious等。,深红色极冷大开的非常高兴冰冷的,白热化的新生的紧身的累极了十分聪明的,darkreddeadcoldwideopenrightgladbittercold,whitehotnewborntightfittingdeadtiredprettywise,Hewas_drunklastnight.A.deadlyB.deadC.deathD.deathly,B,五、以-ly结尾的形容词不可混淆为副词,Hewasaccusedofpossessing_weapons.A.deadB.dyingC.deadlyD.deathly,C,livelyfriendlylovelylonelylowlymanly,活泼的友好的可爱的孤独的卑贱的男子气概的,heavenlyhomelywomanlycowardlysoldierlykindly,天空的简朴的有女子气质的卑劣的英勇的和蔼的,deadlycostlylikelyfatherlyworldlytimely,earthlyscholarlyghostlymasterly,致命的昂贵的很可能的慈父般的老于世故的及时的,世俗的学者气的苍白的高明的，熟练的,六、表示肯定意义的tooto结构,“tooto”结构本来表示的是否定含义，但是如果前面有only,all,but,not,never,simply,just等词，too后面是eager,anxious,pleased,kind,willing,apt,ready,glad,quick,inclined等形容词时，这是这个结构表示肯定概念。,Heistooreadytopromise.他总是轻易地许诺。Iamonlytoogladtohelpyou.我非常乐意帮助你。,Iknowbuttoowelltoholdmytongue.我深知少说为妙。Oneistooapttooverlookonesownmistake.人们总是很容易忽视自己的缺点。,Inthetheatertheactorsarevery_tothereactionoftheaudience.sensibleB.sensitiveC.emotionalD.positive2.Ifthetesttakerfindsanitemtowhichananswerisnotknown,itmaybe_toleaveitblankandgoonwiththetest.advisableB.valuableC.considerableD.probable3.Thereweresome_flowersonthetable.A.falseB.artificialC.unnaturalD.unreal,B,A,B,七、常考同根而意义不同的形容词,1.alternate,alternative-Hecomeshereon_days.-Ifthisplanisnotaccepted,wehavean_plan.alternate轮流的，交替的day(隔一天)alternative两者挑一的，替代的plan（代替的计划）,2.amiable/amicable-Pleasemakeyourself_tome.-Nationsshouldsettleaquarrelinan_way.amiable温柔的，和蔼可亲的amicable和睦的,3.barbarous/barbaric-Thesepeoplecamefrom_countries.-Acultivatedpersonmayoccasionallyenjoy_music.barbarous残忍的，野蛮的barbarouscountry(蛮邦）barbaric粗俗的，未开化的，不优雅的barbaricmusic（粗俗的音乐）,4.beneficial/beneficent-Noonewasso_ashe.-Exercisesare_tohealth.beneficial有利的beneficent仁慈的,5.ceremonial/ceremonious-Theyarewearing_costumesatthebanquet.-Wegavethedistinguishedguestsa_welcomeyesterday.ceremonial正式的，礼仪上的costume（正式的服装）ceremonious，仪式隆重的，过于讲究礼节的awelcome（隆重的欢迎仪式）,6.childlike/childish-Ilikehis_face.-Thatisa_idea.childlike天真烂漫的childish幼稚的,parative/comparable-Chauceris_withDante.-Helivesin_parable可以比较的withDante（可与但丁相比）comparative比得上comfort(比较舒适）,prehensive/comprehensible-Onefindsawritersbooksmore_ifoneknowsabouthislife.-Heisstudentwitha_prehensible能理解的（用于事物的）comprehensive有理解力的（用于人）amind（理解力很强）,9.conscientious/conscious-Heisa_teacher.-Hebecame_againinaminute.conscientious认真的，诚心诚意的conscious有意识的,10.considerate/considerable-Yourexplanationisof_helptous.-Heisalways_towardsotherpeople.considerable值得考虑的，相当大的considerate考虑周到的,11.contemporary/contemporaneous-LiBaiwas_withDuFu.-Thelaunchingofthe24000-tontank-ship（油轮）was_withthecompletionofthenewworkersdormitory.contemporary同时代的(with，只用于人）contemporaneous同时发生的(with，只用于物）,12.continual/continuous-Icantworkwiththese_interruptions.-The_flowofthebrookformedaravine.continual连续的（指不时重复的动作，可以有短暂的中断）continuous连续不断的（指不停地动作，没有中断）,13.delighted/delightful-Iam_tohearthenews.-Themusicis_tome.delighted感到快乐的（被动含义）delightedat听到或见到而高兴delightedwith对喜欢或高兴delightful令人感到快乐（主动含义）delightfultosb.令某人感到快乐,14.destructive/destructible-Suspicionis_offriendship.-Everythingmanmadeis_.destructive破坏性的，有害的（主动含义）destructiveof破坏，有损于destructiveto对有害；有害于destructible可破坏的，可消灭的（被动含义）,15.economical/economic-Wearefacedwithmany_problems.-Heis_withmoney.economic经济学的，经济上的economical节约的，节省的,16.exhausting/exhausted/exhaustive-Hehasmadean_studyoftheproblem.-Whatan_dayIhavehad!-Mypatienceis_.exhaustive彻底的，无遗漏的exhausting耗尽的，使人筋疲力尽的exhausted用尽的，疲倦的,17.historic/historical-Wearegoingtovisitmany_spots.-Hewrotea_noveltwoyearsago.（历史小说）historic有历史意义的significance/spots（名胜古迹）historical历史上的，有关历史的figure,18.honorable/honorary-Hisfatherisan_teacher.-Heisan_memberoftheassociation.honorable受人尊敬的honorary名誉的，荣誉的,19.imaginary/imaginable/imaginative-Herillnessisonly_.-CaoXueqinisan_writer.-Iwasthenfacedwiththegreatestdifficulty_.-Allmeans_havebeenconsideredbyus.imaginary虚构的，想像出来的imaginative富有想像力的writer（富有想象力的作家）imaginable可以想像得到的,20.imperious/impetuous-Healwaysspeakswith_looks.-Shehadan_manner.imperious专横的，蛮横的impetuous猛烈的，轻举妄动的anmanner（举止冲动）,21.industrial/industrious-Birminghamisthecentreofan_area.-Heisan_worker.industrial工业的industrious勤奋的,22.intense/intensive-Heisan_person.-Shegives_ense热烈的，热情的intensive彻底的，精深的,精心的,23.judicial/judicious-Shegota_separationfromherhusband.-His_fatherencourageshimtostudyhard.judicial法庭的，法院判决的judicious贤明的；深思熟虑的,24.luxurious/luxuriant-Shewroteanessayina_style.-Hehasa_imagination.-Shehasa_habit.luxuriant茂盛的（指树木）；华美的（指文体）；丰富的style（华美的文体）/imagination（丰富的想象力）luxurious奢侈的，豪华的,25.momentary/momentous-Therewasa_silence.-Hetakesa_decisionwithoutdebate.momentary瞬间的momentous重要的,26.negligent/negligible-Heisa_official.-Heisa_person.negligent疏忽的，粗心大意的,negligentof/in对粗心大意，马虎official（玩忽职守）negligible可以忽视的，微不足道的person（不重要的人物）,27.political/politic-Theythinkit_nevertodisagreewiththeiremployers.-Hejoinedthat_partylastyear.politic精明的，明智的political政治的,28.primal/primary-Moneywasa_necessitytothem.-Thatishis_goalinhislife.primal原始的，基本的necessity(最基本的需要）primary第一的，最初的,29.temporary/temporal-Hecaresfornothingbut_affairs.-ManystudentsinAmericafind_jobsduringtheirsummerholiday.（临时的工作）temporal时间的，世俗的affairs(世俗之事）temporary暂时的，临时的,30.regretful/regrettable-Sheshed_tears.-Heshouldbe_forhis_conduct.regretful遗憾的，后悔的（后悔的眼泪）regrettable令人遗憾的，（指行为、事件等令人遗憾）,31.satisfactory令人满意的,satisfied感到满足的（主语为人）-Yourexplanationisnotsatisfactorytome.-Iamsatisfiedwithyourexplanation.,32.respectable受人尊敬的（被动的意味）,respectful(to)尊敬的，有礼貌的(主动的意味）,respective各自的，各个的）-Heisarespectablehigh-rankingofficial.（受尊敬的高级官员）-Ourelders