英语必修4unit 1 知识点和同步练习试题.doc

BOOK 4 Unit 1 Women of achievement (1)语言点讲解1. achievementn.C成就；功绩;U实现；完成；达到联想拓展achieve v.取得，实现achieve an aim/a goal达到目标achieve success 获得成功He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。2. behavevi.举止，行为，表现；（机器等）工作，运转（常与well/badly等副词连用）vt.守规矩；举止有礼常用结构：behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩Behave yourself; dont make a fool of yourself.注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。联想拓展behaviour n. (人的)言行举止，行为；（动物）习性，自学 成才behaviour towards/to. 对的态度/行为3. worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得的，可用作表语或定语，其后可加to do/doing。易混辨析worth/worthy/worthwhile worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动形式: be worth doing。 worthy可作表语，后接of+名词/动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of+n./being done / to be done； 也可作定语，表示“值得的；有价值的”。 worthwhile可作表语或定语;a worthwhile job 一份值得做的工作。常用结构：it is worthwhile to do/doing做某事是值得的。a worthy winner 名副其实的赢家Buying the car at this price is not worthwhile.以这样的价格买车不值得。Is it worthwhile making/ to make such an effort?做这样的努力值得吗？4. respectvt.尊敬；尊重n.敬意;问候常用结构：pay/give ones respect to sb. 向某人致敬/问候have/show respect for sb. 尊敬某人respecting = with respect to关于；就而言in all respects = in every respect 无论从哪方面来看；在各方面We all should respect our parents and teachers.我们都应该尊敬我们的父母和老师。Mr Smith always show respect to his childrens opinions.史密斯先生总是很尊重孩子们的意见。In respect to the content, the article is very good,but it is not satisfactory in other aspects.就内容而言，这篇文章很好，但在其他方面还不能令人满意。联想拓展respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;正派的;高尚的respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的respective adj. 各自的；分别的 respectively adv. 各自地；分别地Oneway fares for adults and children were 18 and 5 respectively.成人和儿童的单程车费分别为18美元和5美元。5. arguev.争论，辩论;说服；主张;认为常用结构：argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事和某人争辩argue sb. into/out of doing=persuade sb. to/not to do=persuade sb. into/out of doing 说服某人做/不做某事argue for/against 支持/反对联想拓展argument n. 论点；争论;论据settle an argument 解决争端 beyond argument 无可争辩We argued that we should be paid more.我们据理力争自己应该得到更高的薪水。They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.他们正就外交政策与官员们进行辩论。They argued the park into lowering the price. 他们说服公园降了价。6. inspirevt.鼓舞；激励；引发；赋予灵感；激发His speech inspired us. 他的发言鼓舞了我们。The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.美丽的景色使作曲家文思泉涌。常用结构：inspire sb. to sth. 鼓励某人某事inspire sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事(=encourage sb. to do sth.)inspire sth. in sb. (=inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人产生；鼓励某人The father inspired his son with confidence.=The father inspired confidence in his son.这位父亲鼓励儿子要自信。联想拓展inspiration n. 灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激励的7. intendvt.&vi. 计划，打算常用结构：be intended for 专供使用；专为而设计intend to do/doing 打算intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事This kind of bicycle is intended for people who are too short.这种自行车是专为身材矮小的人设计的。Today, I intend to finish reading this novel.今天我打算读完这本小说。I intend you to take over my career.我打算让你接管我的事业。8. delivervt.接生(小孩)；递送；发表(演说等)常见结构:deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩deliver sth. to.把某物送到 The baby was delivered in a clinic.孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech.杨同志致了开幕词。联想拓展delivery n. 送货；交付express delivery 快递on delivery 送达时；货到时9. observevt. 观察；观测；遵守She spent many year observing and recording their daily activities.她花了许多年时间来观察和记录他们的日常活动。常用结构：observe+名词/代词宾语+宾语补足语（不带to的不定式/动词ing形式）that从句/what从句I observed them enter/entering the shop.我看到他们进了/正走进商店。The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his little sister.男孩观察汤姆和他妹妹之间会发生什么事。We should strictly observe the discipline.我们要严格遵守纪律。联想拓展observer n. 观察者obstrvation n. 观察10. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起She looks down on people whove never been to university.她瞧不起没上过大学的人。You cant look down upon a person because he is poor.你不能因为某个人贫穷就瞧不起他。I hope you dont look down upon/on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。联想拓展look on sb./ sth. as 把某人/某物看作=consider sb./ sth. aslook on 袖手旁观；观望look into sth. 调查；观察某事物 look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看；好转look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人)look out for sb./sth. 警惕或留心某人/某物look back to 回顾；回忆look about/around 环顾四周look after 照料 ；照看look forward to 盼望；期待look for 寻找look like 看起来像look over 检查；检阅look through 浏览；检查look up to 尊敬11. refer to谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指而言联想拓展refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作refer sth. to 把某事提交refer sb. to 让某人向求助易混辨析refer to/consult/look uprefer to和consult都可作“查阅（词典、参考书等）”讲，表此意时两词可以互换。look up 意为“（在词典、时刻表等中）查找”。We agreed never to refer to the matter again.我们同意不再谈论这件事了。She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。联想拓展come about = happen 发生come from 来自come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出come up 升起；发生；出现come up with sth. 找到或提出（答案办法等）come to 谈到；涉及I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。She came across some old photographs in a drawer.她在一个抽屉里偶然发现了一些旧照片。13. carry on继续；坚持Lets carry on our homework.让我们继续做我们的家庭作业。We must carry on until the rescue team arrived.我们必须坚持下去直到救援队到来。联想拓展carry out 执行；实施carry away 带走；冲走carry off 夺去We will carry out the plan as soon as it is made.这个计划一制定出来，我们就会执行。We planted many trees to stop the water from carrying away the soil. 我们种这么多树的目的是阻止土壤流失。14. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。“only+状语”放在句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装，即：将助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。但“only+主语”放在句首时，主句不倒装。Only in this way can we learn English better.只有这样，我们才能学好英语。Only then did I remember that I had left my cell phone in the restaurant.到那时我才记起我把手机忘在餐馆里了。Only when Mum is sick will she stay in bed. 只有生病的时候妈妈才会卧床休息。15. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年来，简古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。本句用的是现在完成时，即“has/have been doing”，表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，可能还会再进行下去。What have you been doing?你一直在做什么？I have been practising the piano.我一直在练习弹钢琴。同步练习一单项选择(1) David is quite well _in school. He obeys the teachers and gets As in all his subjects. A. Behaved B. concernedC. Involved D. respected (2) It was _ the trouble to settle the problem.A. worth to take B. worthwhile takingC. worth being taken D. worth taking(3) The book, _ for her sister, was lost in the mail. A. intended as pleasant surprise B. intending as pleasant surpriseC. intended as a pleasant surprise D. intending for pleasant surprise(4) Miss Wang had _ to catch the first bus, but she didt get up early enough. A. Turned B. come C. intended D. promised(5) The professor _ at the meeting will give us a lecture next week. A. Referred B. referred to C. Referring D. referring to(6) If you are not sure of the meaning of this word, you can_ the dictionary. A. refer to B. look up C. See D. make use of(7) During his stay in our college, he often began his talk by_ this past experience as a soldier. A. turning to B. referring to C. sticking to D. speaking to(8) Using a long stick, the teacher _ a place on the map and asked the children to name it. A. got down to B. pointed to C. referred to D. came to(9) Mr Brown, could you tell me how_ the differences between American English and British English ? A. came about B. came to C. came up D. came across(10) Do you mind if I _ with my work while you are getting tea ready. A. carry out B. come on C. carry on D. go over(11) Only then _how much damage had been caused. A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize二完成句子（1）没有人民的支持，我们将一事无成。Without the support of the people we can _ _. .（2）我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。I have achieved only half of _ I hope to do. （3）祝贺你获得这样完美的胜利。Congratulations to you _ (介词) _ such a complete victory.(4) 父母让孩子们在客人面前举止礼貌。The parents asked the children to _ _ in front of the guests.(5) 她对这个孩子的良好行为感到高兴。She is pleased with the childs _ _.(6) He was _ _ _ (被人看不起) because of his humble background. (7) He is _ _ _ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.(8