必修三Unit5同位语从句.doc

必修三Unit5 Noun clauses as the appositive同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做 。（名词、代词、数词和从句）Are you three ready to start out?They each can get a chance to travel by air.We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and a American.The news that were having a holiday tomorrow is true.同位语从句：跟在名词后，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，作同位语的从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后，如：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word（消息），problem， question, doubt, thought等。They were delighted at the news that their team had won. Where did you get the idea that I could not come？有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.同为从句的连接词：that引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略。 He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替。The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句。I have no idea how I can get to the railway station. I have no idea when he will be back 连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句注意：表示建议、命令、要求等的名词（如suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request等）后跟同位语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气，通常用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 Its my request that the work (should) be finished before 4 oclouk.同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 意义不同：同位语从句用来对前面的名词起补充解释作用，二者同位关系；而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征，起修饰和限定的作用。1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2. The news that you told us is really encouraging. that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test. 2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children. that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。1. The fact that he is from Canada is new to me. 2. The fact that surprised me is that he is not Chinese. 引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what, how, whether等引导。1.I had no idea at all what I should do next. 2. There is no proof whether he was killed by others. 当when, why, where和how等引导的同位从句时，它们为连接副词，虽然在句子中充当成分，但前面没有与其意义相同的先行词；而在定语从句中它们有关系副词，在其前面分别有表示时间，原因，地点和方式意义的名词作先行词。1. Then arose the question where we were to get so many chairs needed.2. Thats the reason why he didnt come to the meeting.一.同位语从句注意点同位语从句定语从句引导词that只起连接的作用不充当句子成分引导词that除了引导句子外还充当一定的句子成分同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“的”。同位语从句的that 一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词that，当其在从句中做宾语时，常省略I. 说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）1.His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable.2.Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online.3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.II 习题巩固：1. The news _ another power station will be built cheered all the villagers.A which B that C what D whatever2 The news _ he told us is exciting. Which of the following is wrong?A what B C which D that3.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when4.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what5.I have no idea _he will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that6.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 7.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that8.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether C. that D. whichwhat 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。What引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的句子。 1) What you said yesterday is right.It is right what you said yesterday. （ ） 2) That she is still alive is certain. It is certain that she is still alive. （ ）习题巩固：1. I wonder if this is _you are looking for.2. Our school is quite different from _ it was before.3. Father made a promise _ if I passed the examination he would buy me a computer.4._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.5._ the earth is round is known to us all.注意：连词THAT在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而WHAT在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。练习：I 请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。1. They expressed the hope _ they would come over to China soon.2. The fact _ he didnt see Tom this morning is true.3. Word has come _ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.4. He cant answer the question _ he got the money from his home yesterday. 5. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? 6. The problem _ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.2. Ive come with a message from Mr. Wang how he wont be able to see you this afternoon.3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.4. Ive read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.III高考单选 1 A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthdayA. if B. when C. that D. which2 Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when3Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom? A. that B. what C. as D. which 5. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B.what C.why D.which 6 The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B.what C.which D.why 7 The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 8 His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./ D.it 9 I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 10 Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 11 He thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 12 The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 13 The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which 14 He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A.whether B.where C.that D.when 15 Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 16 The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that17 Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which 18. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether19-What are you anxious about?- _A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed20 The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because21 _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person22 I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why24-What do you think of China?-_different life is today from _it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that25 Give this to _you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever26._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that27.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which1. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. 2004全国卷IA. why B. where C. what D. how2. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insist on going by motorbike. 2004全国卷IVA. why B. whether C. when D. how3. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. 天津2004A. what B. which C. that D. where4. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. 上海2004A. where B. what C. that D. how5. Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. 上海2004春A. which B. that C. what D. whether6. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. 上海2004A. when B. where C. what D. that 7. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. 湖南2004A. which B. why C. what D. how8. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 北京2004A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 9. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 10. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to. 广东2004A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom Key:1中that引导同位语从句，说明“news”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。2中that引导定语从句，对“news”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。 1中 that引导 同位语从句，其中that无词义，也不充当任何成分；2中that引导定语从句，that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语，且that可以用which替换。1（that不可换为which）