猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择.ppt

1,猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择,先灵葆雅动物保健市场技术部荣强,2,Mycoplasmahyopneumoniae猪支原体肺炎,(MycoplasmapneumoniaofswineMPS)EnzooticPneumonia(EP),3,M.hyoDisease猪支原体肺炎,Firstisolatedfrompiglungsin19651965年首次在猪肺脏中分离Oneofthemostcommonandeconomicallyimportantdiseases最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一AcomplexinteractionbetweenM.hyoandotherbacterialandviralinfections,andpoormanagementandventilation.主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。,4,M.hyoDisease,OneoftheprimarypathogenscausingPorcineRespiratoryDiseaseComplex(PRDC)引起PRDC的原发病原之一Affectsasmanyas99%ofU.S.herds99的美国猪群都有感染World-widesignificance世界范围内养猪生产中流行,5,M.hyodisease,Economiceffectsareextremelyvariablebetweenherds.不同猪群的经济影响差异较大Dependentoncostofinputs,priceofpigs,otherdiseases,etc.取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。AMOVINGTARGET.,6,M.hyoDisease,Reducedaveragedailygain(ADG)降低日增重Reducedfeedefficiency(FE)降低饲料报酬Increasedmedicationcosts增加药物成本Increasedcullorlight-weightpigs增加淘汰或低体重的猪Etc.,7,8,M.hyoEconomicLosses,M.hyodecreasedgrowthrate12.7%anddecreasedfeedefficiencyby13.8%(Pointon,etal,1985)肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%,9,M.hyodisease,Transmissionbetweenpigs:aerosolanddirectcontact猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触Transmissionbetweenfarms:movementofinfectedpigs猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动Aerosolbetweenfarms:Britain3.2km猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里,10,M.hyoDisease,Clinicalsignsinclude:临床症状chroniccough(oftendryornonproductive)慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）highmorbidityandlowmortality高发病率和低死亡率unevengroupsofpigs猪群内生长不整齐,11,M.hyodisease,PeakprevalenceinFinisherbecauseof:在育肥期多发的原因：Longincubationperiod：潜伏期长Slowspread传播缓慢Increasedanimaldensity养殖密度加大Presenceofotherorganisms其他致病菌的出现,12,M.hyoPathogenesis,M.hyocolonizesciliaoftracheaandbronchi.paralyzingthentangling,splittingandbreakingcilia.reducingnormalfunctionofmucociliaryapparatus.支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。,Onlyattachestotracheobronchialcilia,Amucosalpathogen,14,15,16,M.hyoPathogenesis,ThereisalsoevidenceofimpairedAlveolarmacrophagefunction(CarusoandRoss,1990)破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能,17,18,M.hyoDisease,Secondarybacterialinfections:继发细菌感染Pasteurellamultocida多杀性巴氏杆菌Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Streptococcussuis链球菌Haemophilusparasuis副嗜血杆菌Generallyseenasrespiratorydistressor“thumping”,19,M.hyoDisease,TherearealsointeractionswithseveralvirusesincludingSwineInfluenzaVirus,Pseudorabies(PRV),PRRS，PCVII还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型,20,21,22,Mycoplasmahyopneumonia:ControlandPrevention猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治,23,M.hyoControlandPrevention,Medication药物Management管理Vaccination免疫,24,M.hyoMedication,Antibioticshaveshownmixedresultsinfieldconditionsandareusedmostlytocontrolsecondaryinfections.田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。,25,M.hyoMedication,Lincomycin:resultsinconsistent林可霉素Tiamulin:resultsinconsistent支原净Quinolones:showsomepromise喹喏酮类Florfenicol:showssomepromise纽弗罗Aivlosin:resultsaregood爱乐新,26,M.hyoMedication,Oneproblemwithanymedicationprogramisthatoncethemedicationisremovedthediseasecanbegintocauseproblemsagain.一旦停药，疾病复发,27,M.hyoPreventionandControl,Managementfactorsareimportant管理十分重要All-in/all-outproductionisprobablythesinglemostimportantmanagementtechnique全进全出是最好的管理方式Nomorethan3weeksspreadinage年龄差距不要超过3周MedicatedEarlyWeaning(MEW)hasbeenshowntohelpcontroltheMPSdisease早期药物断奶有一定帮助,28,M.hyoPreventionandControl,Managementfactors(continued)SegregatedEarlyWeaning(SEW)hasshownmerit早期隔离断奶也有一定好处Vaccination免疫Optimizedensityandproperventilation合理化密度，保持良好通风,29,M.hyoPreventionandControl,KeytoaneffectiveprogramtocontrolPRDC(PorcineRespiratoryDiseaseComplex)isaneffectiveM.hyovaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗,30,M.hyoVaccines,Becausetheexactantigenicepitopesresponsibleforimmunityarenotwellunderstood,whole-cellvaccinesarebest.因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。,31,WesternBlotAnalysis免疫印记分析,M+Pacpreserves15proteins安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白ProductApreserves11proteinsA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白ProductsBandCpreserve8proteinsB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白,32,M+PAC安百克拥有全世界最多的猪支原体抗原,PfizerIntervetFortDodgeM+PAC,33,M.hyoVaccines,Also,becauselong-lastingimmunityisimportant,itisourbeliefthataneffectiveM.hyovaccineshouldhaveanimprovedoiladjuvant.此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。,34,VaccineAdjuvants疫苗佐剂,35,VaccineAdjuvants疫苗佐剂,AluminumHydroxide(AH)氢氧化铝Water-in-oil(W/O)油包水Oil-in-water(O/W)水包油,36,AluminumHydroxide氢氧化铝,Lowviscosity粘度低Mildtonoreactions温和无刺激Immediateresponse免疫反应迅速Short-livedimmunity免疫期短,37,Water-in-Oil(W/O)油包水,Moreoil=moreviscosity粘度高Moreirritation刺激大Morepain疼痛Morestress应激大,38,Oil-in-Water(O/W)水包油,Moremodern最新型AtleastaseffectiveasW/O与油包水效果相同Lessoil=lowerviscosity低粘度Lessirritation刺激小Lesspain疼痛少Lessstress(pigsandpeople)应激小,39,M.hyoVaccineAdjuvants,M+PACSPAHO/W+AHRespisurePfizerO/W,Lecithin卵磷脂RespifendFortDodgeAHIngelvacMHNobl/BIW/OPorcilisIntervetAHHyorespMerialAH,40,IntroducingnewM+Pac,41,CheckothermycoplasmavaccinesagainsttheadvantagesofM+Pac:,ReducedlunglesionsLesscoughingHigherantibodytitersHighercell-mediatedimmunityExclusiveEmunadeadjuvant1mladministration,42,Emunade,arevolutionarynewdual-actionadjuvant革命性的双相佐剂,ThekeytoM+Pacssuperiorperformance安百克优良性能的关键Fasteracting,longerlasting速效、长效Excellentsyringeability良好的通针性,43,Emunade,AluminumHydroxideplusOil-inwater氢氧化铝水包油Fastacting速效Longlasting长效Stimulatesstrongcell-mediatedimmunity刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力,44,OilglobulesinEmunadecontainantigenbothinsidedropletandondropletsurface.Surfaceantigenpromptsrapidimmuneresponse.,45,46,Antigeninsideisreleasedgraduallyasoildropletsbreakdownovertime.ThisgradualreleaseallowsEmunadetodeliverprolongedimmunity.,47,48,VaccinationSchedules免疫程序,Timing(Laterisbetter?)时机One-dosevs.Two-dose一针还是二针SowVaccination母猪免疫,49,VaccinationTiming免疫时机,LaterisBetter.Why?越晚越好MaternalAntibodyInterference母源抗体干扰Protectionneedstolastforentirefinishingperiod保护力需要持续整个育肥期,50,LungScoresAfterVaccinationofMaternalAntibodyPigsAt4And6WeeksofAge,5.9,5.8,18.8,0,0,5,10,15,20,%oflunglesions,4weeks,6weeks,Nonvacc,Non-Chall,*,Significantlylowerthannonvaccinated,P,3rdParitysows经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。DecreasedSowtoPigShedding?能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？,56,SowVaccination母猪免疫,Ifsowherdisvaccinated,especiallypre-farrowing,thenitisevenmoreimportanttovaccinatepigslater.如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。,57,M+Pac安百克,Convenientdosageschedule方便的剂量1mldos