三一挖掘机结构培训教材.ppt

,主讲：刘军士speaker:Liujunshi,液压挖掘机,液压挖掘机,液压挖掘机培训教材Hydraulicexcavatorstrainingmaterials,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,一概论generalIntroduction1定义：挖掘机是一种主要用于开挖土石方的施工机械。Definition:Anexcavatorisusedintheexcavationofearthandconstructionmachinery2工作过程：它是用铲斗上的斗齿切削土壤并装入斗内，装满土后提升铲斗并回转到卸土地点卸土，然后再使转台回转、铲斗下降到挖掘面，进行下一次挖掘。WorkingScoop:Itusesthetoothofthebuckettocutsoilandpackedinsidethebucket.Fillthebucketwithsoilandupgradebacktothepointofdumping,andthenrotatetheplatform,dropthebuckettothetapsurface,thenthenextexcavation.3用途：挖掘机在建筑、筑路、水利、电力、采矿、石油、天然气管道铺设和军事工程中被广泛地使用。Excavatorsuses:inbuildingroads,water,power,mining,oilandgaspipelinelayingprojecthasbeenthewidespreaduseofthemilitary.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,4主要作业对象：挖掘机主要用于筑路工程中的路基开挖，建筑工程中开挖基础，水利工程中开挖沟渠、运河和疏浚河道，在采石场、露天开采等工程中剥离和矿石的挖掘等。据统计，工程施工中约60的土石方量是靠挖掘机完成的。Mainoperatingtargetformajorhighwayprojects:theexcavatorusedinsubgradeexcavation,constructionexcavationfoundationExcavationofwaterditches,canalsandriverdredging,quarries,opencastminingprojectssuchasstrippingandoremining.Accordingtostatistics,about60%ofearthworkconstructioniscompletedbytheexcavator5其它用途：挖掘机更换工作装置后还可进行浇筑、起重、安装、打桩、夯土和拔桩等作业。Otheruses:replacementofthedevicesalsocatchexcavators,cranes,theinstallationofthepile,RammingandtheDiocesanpilingoperations.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6工作条件Workingconditions6.1液压挖掘机正常工作环境温度为-2055。Hydraulicexcavatorsnormalworkingtemperature:-20C55C6.2液压挖掘机应能在级土壤中正常作业，对冻土层和岩石，需松裂和爆破后方可施工，且须使用岩石型铲斗进行作业；岩石型铲斗斗齿须满足JG/T90-1999的要求.soilhydraulicexcavatorshouldbeabletoworknormally,andtherocklayerofpermafrost,andtheneedtosplitthesongblastingbeforeconstruction.Rockrequirestheuseofbucketforoperations;RockBucketToothJG/T90-1999mustmeettherequirements,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.3轮胎式挖掘机在岩石工况作业时，对轮胎进行必要的保护。Tireexcavatorisoperatedinrockcondition,thetiresshouldhavenecessaryprotection.6.4海拔3000m能正常工作。altitudeof3,000mworknormally6.5能在沙漠、盐碱地区工作。Worknormallyinthedesert,salinedistrict6.6适于各种湿度地区工作，最大相对湿度要满足100。Inhumidityareas,theyarealsosuitableforallkindsofwork,tomeet100%relativehumidity.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,二挖掘机的发展史Thehistoryoftheexcavatorsdevelopment,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,2.1国外挖掘机的发展史1）1837年第一台挖掘机在美国诞生-以蒸汽作动力的动力铲2）1900年第一台以柴油机作动力的挖掘机问世3）1954年第一台全液压挖掘机在德国出现4）1961年日本从欧美引进了液压挖掘机技术5）1985年第一台全电脑控制的液压挖掘机在日本出现Excavatorforeignhistoryofthedevelopment:1837thefirstexcavatorintheUnitedStateswasborn-tosteam-drivenpowershovelin1900thefirstdieselenginetopowerfortheexcavatormadeIn1954firsthydraulicexcavatorinGermanIn1961JapanintroducedahydraulicexcavatortechnicalfromEuropeandtheUnitedStatesIn1985thefirstofallcomputer-controlledhydraulicexcavatorswascomeintobeinginJapan,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,2.2国内挖掘机的发展史1）1954年生产出第一台机械式挖掘机2）1960年开始研制液压挖掘机3）1970年以后测绘国外样机仿制全液压挖掘机取得成功4）1982年起挖掘机行业第一次全面引进德国公司的液压挖掘机技术及配套件技术Thehistoryofthedevelopmentofdomesticexcavatorin1954producedthefirstmechanicaldiggerin1960begandevelopinghydraulicexcavatorin1970aftermappingforeignprototypehydraulicexcavatorsuccessfulimitationsince1982ExcavatorthefirstGermancompanytoimportthetechnologyandaccessorieshydraulicexcavatortechnology,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5）1990年机械工业部组织引进日本小松液压挖掘机技术6）1990年玉柴研制成功了机重1.3吨的微型挖掘机7）1993年国外二手机开始在中国内地大量销售使用8）1995年-1998年国外10家著名公司开始在中国建合资与独资企业9）1998年上海建筑机械厂破产被上海彭浦机械厂兼并5)1990MachineryIndustryMinistryandJapanKomatsuhydraulicexcavatortechnology6)1990YuchaisuccessMachinery1.3tonsofminiexcavators7)1993foreigntwocellphonesinmainlandChinasellinglargequantitiesofused8)1995-1998,10foreignwell-knowncompaniesinChina,jointventuresandwholly-ownedenterprises9)in1998ShanghaiConstructionMachineryWorksbankruptcyShanghaiEffectivenessEvaluationonthePengpuMachineryPlantmerger,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,三挖掘机的分类Excavatorsclassification,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.1按机重分类可分成：Classificationbyheavymachinecanbedividedinto:微型（小型）micro(small)G6t中小型midandmicro6tG16t中型Medium16tG40t大型Large40tG100t特大型vastLargeG100t,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,国内外普遍使用原则是：Homeandabroadcommonlyusedare40t以上的大型机以正铲为主，单用途：挖掘theexcavatorsmorethan40tmainlybyfrontshovel,singlepurpose:excavating6t以下的小（微）型机以履带（全部）反铲为主，多用途theexcavatorsbelow6tmainlycrawlerandbackhoe,multi-purposes.10t-22t之间的挖掘机轮式与履式混用，以履式占绝大多数，挖掘为主兼顾多用途.10-22tsexcavatorshavewheeledandcrawlerones,mainlyarecrawlers,whichhavemulti-purposes.22t以上的挖掘机全部为履带式挖掘机alloftheabove22texcavatorsarecrawlerexcavators,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.2按传动方式分类：bymeansofdrivingcanbeclassified液压传动挖掘机和机械传动挖掘机hydraulicandmechanicaltransmissionexcavators3.3按作业方式分类：classificationbyexcavatoroperations单斗与多斗挖掘机singleandmulti-bucketsexcavators3.4按行走方式分类：Classificationbyrunningmode履带式与轮胎式挖掘机（还有步履式、拖式、轨道式等）crawlerandwheeledexcavators(andwalker,towed.Rail),SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.5按动力方式分类：Dynamicclassificationbytheway内燃驱动（柴油机）与电力驱动挖掘机DieselDriving(Diesel)andpower-drivenexcavators3.6按使用条件方式分类：Underconditionsofusemethodstoclassification专用型挖掘机（常说的矿山型）与通用型挖掘机（建筑型）Specialtypeexcavator(oftensaythattheminetype)andUniversalExcavator(BC-)本文主要讲：单斗履带式液压挖掘机Thisarticlestresses:SingleBuckettrackedhydraulicexcavator,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,3.7液压挖掘机的特点与机械式挖掘机相比Hydraulicexcavatorfeatures-ascomparedwithmechanicaldigger比重量小（每1斗容量与整机机重之比）：重量可减轻一半theweightissmall(eachonefightingcapacityandtheengineaircraftweightratio):reducetheweighttohalf挖掘力大(thestrengthofexcavating)：1.5:1生产率高(Productivity)：2.2倍以上机动性和越野性能好Goodmobilityandcrossability工作平稳、安全可靠Workingstable,safeandreliable结构紧凑、美观大方Compact,attractiveandunaffected,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,四液压挖掘机总体结构Overallstructureofhydraulicexcavators,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,液压挖掘机的总体结构包括动力装置、工作装置、回转机构、操纵机构、传动系统、行走机构和辅助设备等，如图1-1所示。Theoverallstructureofthepowerhydraulicexcavator,workingequipment,rotary,manipulation,transmission,walkingandauxiliaryequipment,asshowninFigure1-1.常用的全回转式液压挖掘机的动力装置、传动系统的主要部分、回转机构、辅助设备和驾驶室等都安装在可回转的平台上，通常称为上部转台。因此又可将单斗液压挖掘机概括成工作装置、上部转台和行走机构等三部分。Rotaryhydraulicexcavatorsusedinthepowerplant,themaintransmissionsystem,Rotary,andauxiliaryequipmentinstalledinthecontrolroom,sorotatableplatform,commonlyknownastheuppertable.Soitwillbesummarizedintoasinglebucketofhydraulicexcavatorworkingdevice,theturntableandtheupperpartofthethreeagenciesrunning.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,图1-11配重2发动机罩3油水散热器总成4发动机5空滤6蓄电池7座椅8液压油箱9先导手柄10燃油箱11驾驶室12回转支承13工具箱14中央回转接头15动臂油缸16动臂17斗杆油缸18斗杆19铲斗油缸20摇杆21连杆22铲斗23履带24导向轮25张紧机构26支重轮27托轮28行走机构29主泵30回转机构31回油滤清器32主阀Map1-11weight2enginehood3oil-waterradiators.Machines4EngineAirFilter6Battery7Seat8HydraulicTank9precursorofthehandle10fueltank11Cab12rotarysupporting13toolbox14centralswiveljoints15Boomfueltank16Boom17strugglerodfueltank18bucketrods19bucketfueltank20rocker21connectingrod22Bucket23tracked24guidanceround25Tensioner26supportingwheels27childroundof28runninginstitutions29mainpump30rotarybodies31backtotheoilfilter32mainvalves,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,动力系统DynamicSystem,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.1动力系统的基本知识挖掘机动力系统的核心是柴油发动机。其功用是将供给的燃油燃烧并将热能转变为机械能，并通过液压传动系统使挖掘机行走和工作。柴油机的动力输出就是液压泵的动力输入。动力系统包括发动机及附件、燃油箱、水箱等。Excavatorbasicknowledgeofdynamicalsystemsisthecoreofdieselenginepowersystem.Itspurposeistosupplythermalenergytomechanicalenergywillfuelcombustion.Excavatorsandmakewalkingandworkingthroughthehydraulicsystem.Enginepoweroutputistheinputpumppower.Annexincludingenginesandpowersystems,fuelcontainers,watertanks,etc.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,挖掘机动力装置由下列系统组成：冷却系统、进气系统、排气系统、燃油系统、润滑系统、电器系统、减震和传动系统Excavatorpowerplantconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:coolingsystem,intakesystem,exhaustsystem,fuelsystem,thelubricationsystem,theelectricalsystem,dampingandtransmissionsystem,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.2发动机编号EngineNo.6BTA5.9-C#-SY220C66个汽缸；sixcylinderB发动机系列seriesofengineT涡轮增压器TurbochargerA后级冷却（增压后中冷）Aftercooling(coldTurbocharged5.951513.141206排量升51513141206displacementC改进次数improvedfrequency#马力horsepower,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.3SY310挖掘机用柴油机介绍SY310excavatorsdiesel采用康明斯QSB5.9-240型柴油机,其可靠性、动力性、燃油经济性和低排放性等指标在国际上都具有领先水平。CumminsEngineQSB5.9-240use,reliability,power,Fueleconomyandlowemissionsandsoisaleadingindicatorofthelevelintheinternationalarena.柴油机主要技术参数：Dieselmaintechnicalparameters:型式：六缸直列、水冷、直喷、涡轮增压、中冷、电控Type:Inlinesix-cylinder,water-cooled,directinjection,turbocharger,cold,electriccontrol气缸直径(Cylinderdiameter)(mm)活塞行程(Pistonstroke)(mm)：102120额定功率(RatedPower)(kW)/转速(rpm)：182/2000最大扭矩Maximumtorque(Nm)/转速(rpm)：990/1500最低燃油消耗量Minimumfuelconsumption(g/kWh)：210,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.4动力传输路线表powertransmissionline行走动力传输路线：柴油机联轴节液压泵（机械能转化为液压能）分配阀中央回转接头行走马达（液压能转化为机械能）减速箱驱动轮轨链履带实现行走Powertransmissionlinerunning:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-centralswiveljoints-runningmotors(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-Gearbox-wheel-trackcrawlerchain-operatetoachieve,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,回转运动传输路线：柴油机联轴节液压泵（机械能转化为液压能）分配阀回转马达（液压能转化为机械能）减速箱回转支承实现回转Rotarymovementroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-rotarymotors(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-Reducer-SlewRing-achievingRotary.动臂运动传输路线：柴油机联轴节液压泵（机械能转化为液压能）分配阀动臂油缸（液压能转化为机械能）实现动臂运动Boomcampaignroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-Boomtank(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-armmovementstoachieve,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,斗杆运动传输路线：柴油机联轴节液压泵（机械能转化为液压能）分配阀斗杆油缸（液压能转化为机械能）实现斗杆运动Stickcampaignroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-Sticktank(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-achievingstrugglebar铲斗运动传输路线：柴油机联轴节液压泵（机械能转化为液压能）分配阀铲斗油缸（液压能转化为机械能）实现铲斗运动Bucketcampaignroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-tankBucket(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-bucketcampaigntoachieve,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5.5动力传输原理图Powertransmissiondiagram,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,六液压挖掘机的结构Thestructureofhydraulicexcavators液压挖掘机的结构件主要有底盘、回转支承、中央回转接头、转台、工作装置、配重、覆盖件、司机室、空调等。Thestructureisthemajorhydraulicexcavatorchassis,rotorsupport,thecentralswiveljoints,turntable,thedeviceweight,thepanel,cab,air-conditioners,andsoon.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.1底盘底盘即行走装置,包括履带架和行走机构,主要由履带架、行走马达+减速机及其管路、驱动轮、导向轮、托链轮、支重轮、履带、张紧缓冲装置组成，见下图。其功能为支承挖掘机的重量，并把驱动轮传递的动力转变为牵引力，实现整机的行走。行走马达+减速机=行走机构下车：底盘+回转支承+中央回转接头Chassisisrunningdevices,includingplanesandrunningtrack,trackedbyplanes,andoperatingamotor-reducerpipe.Sprocketsorientationlauncheschildsprocket,supportingwheels,tracks,tensiondevicecomposedofthefigurebelow.Itsfunctionistosupporttheweightofexcavators,andwheeltractiontransferofpowertoachieveapieceoftherunning.Motorrunning+Reducer=runningsystem.Alight:chassis+SlewRing+Centralswiveljoints,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,底盘chassis,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,支重轮托链轮导向轮Supportinground.Askedsprocket.Steeringround.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,行走马达驱动轮张紧缓冲装置Runningmotors,drivingwheel.Tensiondevice,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,履带架CrawlerFrame履带架（即车架总成）为整体焊接件,采用X形结构，其主要优点是具有高的承载能力.车架总成由左纵梁（即左履带架）、主车架（即中间架）、右纵梁（即右履带架）三部分焊接而成。TrackedF(chassisassembly)weldingpiecesasawhole,theX-shapedstructure.Itsmainadvantagesarehighbearingcapacity.Frameassemblyfromtheleftbeam(lefttrackedF)MainFrame(intermediateF),rightbeam(righttrackF)threepartstogetherthroughwelding.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,中央回转接头Centralswiveljoints中央回转接头是联接回转平台与底盘油路的液压元件，它保证回转平台旋转任意角度后，还能正常给行走马达供油。CentralswiveljointsareconnectedtothecentralCircuithydraulicrotaryplatformandchassiscomponents,whichguaranteesrotaryplatformarbitraryrotationangle,normaloilsupplytothemotorstillrunning.Centralswiveljoints,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.2平台Platform平台是上车部分主要承载结构件，分主平台和左右平台三部分。见下图。Platform.Theplatformonthetraincarryingsomeofthemajorpiecesofstructure,principalplatformandplatformaroundthreeparts.Seeillustrationbelow.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.3工作装置WorkingDevices工作装置是液压挖掘机的主要组成部分，目前SY系列挖掘机配置的是反铲工作装置，它主要用于挖掘停机面以下的土壤，但也可以挖掘最大切削高度以下的土壤，反铲工作装置由动臂、斗杆、铲斗、摇杆、连杆及包含动臂油缸、斗杆油缸、铲斗油缸在内的工作装置液压管路等主要部分组成。Workingdevicesisakeycomponentofhydraulicexcavators.SYseriesiscurrentlyconfiguredbackhoeexcavatorworkingdevice,itstandsprimarilyforexcavationbelowthesoilsurface.itisalsothelargestexcavationofsoilbelowthecuttingheight.Workbybackhoearmthatwillbanbucket,rocker,Boomlinkageandincludestanks,fightingbartank,thetankbucketofhydraulicpipeinstallationworkandothermajorcomponents.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,连杆机构Linkage,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,提升负载,提升负载,提升负载,动臂Boom,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,铲斗Bucket,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.4配重Weight,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.5驾驶室与空调驾驶室为流线形钢结构，前窗挡风玻璃可滑动，天窗可开启，配置雨刮器、清洗器、收放机、空调、座椅及操纵件、先导开关4处出风口（除霜、吹脚、吹脸左、吹脸右）Cabandair-conditioning.Cabtostreamlinediesteel.Windscreenbeforeslidingwindows,skylightscanbeopened.Wiperallocation,581,RadioandTapePlayer,airconditioning.benchesandmanipulatedocuments,thepilotswitches.fouroutofdrafts(defrosting.Windsfeetoftheleftfaceblowingandblowingfaceright),SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,空调系统Air-conditioningsystems,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,空调系统的组成1压缩机总成2冷凝器总成3贮液干燥器总成4蒸发器总成5管路系统6电器系统Airconditioningsystem:1compressorassembly.2condenserassembly.Reliabilitythreedrystoragesolution.4HVAC.5pipelinesystem.6electricalsystem,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,七挖掘机的液压系统ExcavatorsHydraulicSystem,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,.液压系统概述Hydraulicsystem.液压元件组成：动力元件、控制元件、执行元件、辅件动力元件：主泵控制元件：主控制阀组执行元件：回转马达、行走马达、动臂油缸、斗杆油缸、铲斗油缸。辅件：油箱、油冷却器、蓄能器、电磁阀、比例阀、先导滤清器、中央回转接头、液压管接件等。Hydrauliccomponents:dynamiccomponentsandcontrolcomponents,theimplementationofcomponents,accessoriesdynamiccomponents:mainpump.Controlcomponents:themaincontrolvalveblock.:rotaryactuatormotorsrunningmotors,BoomtankSticktankbuckettank.Documentation:auxiliaryfueltanks,oilcooler,storagedevices,solenoidvalve,theproportionalvalvepilotfilter,thecentralswiveljoints,hydraulictubingandparts.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,液压系统分类：定量系统、变量系统、开式系统、闭式系统、恒功率系统、双泵双回路系统、总功率调节、分功率调节、中位、中位开心、中位闭心、节流调节系统、负流量控制系统、正流量控制系统、负荷传感控制系统等。HydraulicSystemcategories:quantitativesystem,variablesystem,opensystems,closedsystem,constantpowersystem,twodouble-looppumpsystemtotalpowerconditioning,poweradjustmentminutes,thespaces,spacesunhappythatthemedianclosed-center,cuttingexpenditure-conditioningsystems,trafficcontrolsystemstonegative.isflowcontrolsystems,load-sensingcontrolsystem.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,液压系统是挖掘机的能源转换系统和各职能部件的控制系统，由主油路系统和先导操纵系统组成。发动机的动力通过液压系统转化为整机各职能部件运动的驱动力，并对各职能部件的运动规律进行有效的控制。Theenergyconversionsystemisahydraulicexcavatorsystemcomponentsandfunctionsofthecontrolsystem.manipulatedbythemainoilsystemandthepilotsystem.Engineshydraulicsystemthroughvariousfunctionalcomponentsintoapieceofthecampaigndrivingforcealsoallfunctionalcomponentsofthemovementforeffectivecontrol.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,主液压回路：用于主泵向各执行元件供油先导液压回路：主要用于操作控制阀挖掘机的液压系统通常由一台发动机、两个液压主泵、一个先导泵、一个整体式控制阀组、四个液压油缸、一个回转马达和二个行走马达组成。Main:hydrauliccircuitcomponentsfortheimplementationofoilsupplytothemainpump.Pilothydrauliccircuit:fortheoperationofthemaincontrolvalve.usuallybyasystemofhydraulicexcavatorsengine,thetwomainhydraulicpump,apilotpumpControlValvesawhole,fourcylindermotorcomponentofarotarymotorandwalkingtwo.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,主泵通过联接盘直接与发动机输出轴相联。主泵通过控制阀向动作执行元件供油；先导泵向三个先导阀供油。先导阀：二个工作先导阀（实现挖掘机的各种动作）和一个行走先导阀（实现挖掘机的行走与转向）。Pumpconnectedtothemaindiskdirectlyassociatedwiththeengineoutputshaft.Throughtheimplementationofactionstothemainpumpcontrolvalvecomponentsdispensing;Leadingtothethreepilotvalvedispensingpump.Pilotvalve:Workingtwopilotvalve(excavatorsachievevariousmoves),andrunningapilotvalve(andtoachievetheoperatingexcavator).,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,挖掘机作业过程挖掘机一个作业循环包括以下动作：、挖掘通过对铲斗、斗杆以及它们的复合动作，实现铲斗的破土、装土。、满斗回转铲斗装满土后，动臂提升、同时进行平台回转到卸土位置。、卸土平台回转到位后制动，由斗杆调节卸土半径，铲斗翻转卸土。、回位铲斗卸土，转台反转，动臂、斗杆配合，回到挖掘位置。Excavatorprocess.Excavatoracircleofthefollowingactions:1,ontap-Bucket.Thecompositerodmovementsandtheirstruggletoachievethemomentumbucket,putthesoil.2,rotary-mandbucketfilledwithsoil,Boomupgrade,theplatformbacktothedumpingplace.3,dumping-rotatingplatformbrakeinplacebythestruggleradiusrodregulatedumping,dumpingbucketoverturned.4spaces-backbucketdumping,thetablehasturnedaround,arm,tierodstruggletoreturnexcavationlocation.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,7.2三一挖掘机液压系统介绍Sanyexcavatorhydraulicsystem.三一挖掘机采用国内外普遍使用的双泵双回路全功率变量中位开芯系统，通过流量反馈信号控制油泵流量，使流量按需分配到各职能部件，实现不同工况的最佳匹配。三一挖掘机液压系统主要有日本川崎公司提供。川崎公司的液压系统采用负流量控制，动臂、斗杆的负载保持阀和再生阀集成在主阀内，动臂、斗杆在主阀内实现合流。Sanyexcavatorusesabroadcommonly,double-pumploop-powervariableopenedcoresystemfeedbacksignaltocontroltheflowofoilflow,theflowoffunctionsDAMApartsdifferentconditionstoachievethebestmatch.March1excavatorhydraulicsystemmainlyfortheJapanesecompanyKawasaki.Kawasakicompaniesinthehydraulicsystemusedtocontrolflownegative,Boom,fightingtomaintainleverageloadrenewablevalveintegratedinthemainvalveandvalve,Boom.themainvalveleverinthestruggletoachieveconvergence.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,挖掘机的电气控制系统ExcavatorsElectricalControlSystem,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,8.1电气控制系统概述ElectricalControlSystem8.1.1电气控制系统的功能electricalcontrolsystemsfunctions挖掘机的电气控制系统主要实现以下功能：电子监控、自动报警及故障自诊断节能降耗、提高生产率实现柴油机的控制，如电子调速器、电子油门控制装置、自动怠速停机装置、自动升温控制装置实现作业过程的自动化或半自动化Excavatorsmainelectricalcontrolsystemtoachievethefollowingfunctions:electronicmonitoring,automaticalarmandfaultdiagnosis.savingenergy,increasingproductivity.Dieselcontroliftheelectronicspeedgovernor,electronicthrottlecontroldevice,thedeviceautomaticallyIdlestands,automatictemperaturecontroldevicetoachievetheautomaticorsemi-automaticoperationprocess,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,.1.2电气控制系统的使用条件ElectricalControlSystemconditionsofuse.电气控制系统应满足以下使用条件：能在的环境温度下可靠、稳定的工作抗老化、具有较长的使用寿命密封性能好，能防止水分和污物的侵入有较好的耐冲击和抗振性能有较强的抗干扰能力，系统能在各种干扰下可靠地工作Useelectricalcontrolsystemshouldmeetthefollowingconditions:intheambienttemperaturerangeof-40Cto80Candreliable,stablejobs.aging.havealongerlifeexpectancy.Seal,canpreventtheintrusionofwateranddirt.abetterimpactresistanceandanti-vibrationproperties.astronganti-jammingcapability.thesystemcanworkreliablyunderallsortsofinterference.,SANYGROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,8.1.3电气控制系统的组成Theelectricalcontrolsystemcomponents.挖掘机的