（运动人体科学专业论文）微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究.pdf

微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 学位论文独创性声明学位论文独创性声明 本人呈交的学位论文是在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的 研究成果。据我所知，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含 其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。 对本文的研究工作做出重要 贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中做了明确说明并表示谢意。 论文作者： 日期： 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中华人民共和国学位论文条例及西安体育学院有 关保留、使用学位论文的规定，学校有权保留学位论文并向国家主管 部门或其指定机构送交论文。学校图书馆有非赢利使用权，有权将学 位论文编入数据库进行检索。保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定。 论文作者： 导师： 日期： 日期 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 i 摘摘 要要 研究目的：研究目的： （1）探索不同水平运动员微循环相关指标的差异，评定不同水平运动员微 循环相关指标的参考范围。 （2）对多次高原训练组和少次高原训练组微循环相关 指标进行对比分析，探索两者的差异。 （3）通过对同一水平运动员高原训练前中 后三阶段微循环相关指标变化情况的分析， 探索高原训练中微循环指标的变化规 律，为进一步完善赛艇高原训练与监控提供参考。 （4）探索运动员个体生理生化 指标与微循环相关指标之间的关系和变化规律， 拓展无创性指标在运动员机能状 态评定中的应用范畴，弥补有创监控中的不足，提高运动员机能状态评定的准确 性与可靠性，完善运动员机能状态监控体系和机能状态评定方法。 研究方法：研究方法： （1）研究对象与分组： 赛艇运动员组：以上海市男子赛艇队 12 名重点队员为研究对象，根据经历 高原训练的次数和运动水平，分为两组：a 组为多次高原训练组，共 6 名队员， 均为健将级运动员；b 组为少次高原训练组，共 6 名队员，均为二级运动员。 普通人对照组：主要选择与本次运动员年龄相当的普通人 13 名（男性） ， 严格按照随机抽样的原则进行，均无专业运动训练史。 （2）测试指标： 微循环测试指标：加热前后运动员局部肌肉血流灌注量（pu） 、运动的血 细胞浓度（cmbc） 、血细胞运动速度（v）等。生理指标：晨脉、心率等。 生化指标：血常规、血尿素、部分血清酶（ck） 、睾酮（t） 、皮质醇（c） 、 t/c、igg、igm、iga、白细胞分类。 （3）统计方法： 所有数据均采用 spss17.0 统计软件和 microsoft excel 2007 软件进行处理 分析， 结果以平均数标准差( _ xsd)表示。 选用 one-way analysis of variance 和 paired-samples t test 两种方法进行统计处理。p0.05 为差异性显著，p 0.01 为差异性极显著。 研究结果：研究结果： （1）不同运动水平运动员微循环系统的差异 上肢肱二头肌加热前 pu、加热后 pu、加热前后差值这三个指标中 b 组最 高，a 组次之，普通人组最低。下肢股四头肌加热后 pu、加热前后 pu 差值， 这两个指标呈普通人组、b 组、a 组依次递减。上肢肱二头肌加热前 cmbc、上 肢肱二头肌加热后 cmbc、下肢股四头肌加热前 cmbc，b 组高于 a 组 19.7%、 10.38%、17.53%，b 组高于普通人组 164.42%、0.6%、98.42%，上肢肱二头肌加 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 ii 热前后 cmbc 差值、下肢股四头肌加热后 cmbc，a 组低于普通人组 24.5%、 34.92%，b 组低于普通人组 19.06%、33.45%。上肢肱二头肌加热前 v、上肢肱 二头肌加热后 v、上肢肱二头肌加热前后 v 差值、下肢肱二头肌加热前 v，a 组高于 b 组 11.2%、6.7%、2.39%、18%，a 组高于普通人组 24.48%、29.69%、 35.59%、65.42。下肢经皮氧分压，b 组高于 a 组和普通人组 2.9%、4.36%。 （2）不同运动水平运动员夏训不同训练阶段的微循环系统的差异 本实验夏训三个阶段中，血流灌注量（pu） 、运动的血细胞浓度（cmbc） 的上肢和下肢三个指标大体上高原前呈 a 组高于 b 组的趋势，高原中和高原后 呈 b 组高于 a 组的趋势，其中血流灌注量（pu）下肢加热后 pu、下肢加热前 后 pu 差值高原前 a 组高于 b 组 46.52%、51.74%，运动的血细胞浓度（cmbc） 的下肢股四头肌加热前 cmbc 指标在高原后 a 组显著低于 b 组 32.3%。血细胞 运动速度（v）的三个指标大体上高原前呈 a 组组低于 b 组的趋势，高原中和 高原后呈 b 组低于 a 组的趋势， 其中下肢股四头肌加热前 v 高原后 a 组要显著 高于 b 组 28.78%，下肢股四头肌加热前后 v 差值高原中 a 组要显著低于 b 组 24.89%。下肢经皮氧分压（tcpo2）在夏训的三个阶段中，a 组测量值均低于 b 组，但 b 组下降幅度要高于 a 组。 （3）同一运动水平运动员夏训不同训练阶段的微循环系统差异的比较 同一水平运动员夏训三个阶段，b 组血流灌注量（pu）三个指标大体上高 原后要低于高原前，但下肢股四头肌加热前后差值却显著高于高原前 35.54%， 而 a 组血流灌注量（pu）三个指标高原后全部低于高原前，且下肢股四头肌加 热后 pu 和下肢加热前后 pu 差值两指标要显著低于高原前 36.55%、36.37%，b 组运动的血细胞浓度（cmbc）三个指标大体上高原后要高于高原前，其中高原 后下肢股四头肌加热前后 cmbc 差值要显著高于高原前 51.87%， 但 a 组运动的 血细胞浓度（cmbc）三个指标高原后均低于高原前，且下肢股四头肌加热前 cmbc 高原后要显著低于高原前 42.84%，b 组血细胞运动速度（v）三个指标 高原后大体略低于高原前，而 a 组血细胞运动速度（v）三个指标高原后与高原 前大体相当。a 组和 b 组下肢经皮氧分压（tcpo2）高原后要显著低于高原前 6.33%、11.92%。 （4）微循环指标与其他机能状态监控指标的关联性 试验表明：微循环指标与其他机能状态监控指标有一定的关联性。在亚高原 训练过程中，微循环相关指标呈“波浪式”变化，随训练负荷的大小而波动，血 氧饱和度和心率相对平缓，波动幅度不大，这表明微循环相关指标是能够及时反 映训练负荷强度的指标，而心率只有通过长期训练才会发生改变。在亚高原训练 过程中， 红细胞一直处于较低的水平， 且波动较小， 血红蛋白基本与高原前相同， 波动幅度也较小，铁蛋白呈上升趋势。微循环相关指标与睾酮基本呈反比关系， 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 iii 与皮质醇变化相一致，当微循环指标下降时，睾酮值上升，皮质醇下降。微循环 指标升高时，白细胞没有上升趋势，免疫球蛋白呈上升趋势。 研究结论：研究结论： （1）在平原安静状态下对三组人员的微循环指标测试，其结果显示，微循环状 况与训练水平和训练年限相关。 （2）在亚高原训练过程中，多次高原组微循环指标数值整体低于少次高原组， 但多次高原组对高原环境的敏感程度要高于少次高原组。 （3） 在高原训练过程中，运动员微循环指标一般在刚进入高原第一周开始下降， 到第三周时回升，出现第一个峰值，在第七周时出现最低点，然后开始回升，至 下高原后第一周即可到达最高点。下肢经皮氧分压（tcpo2）一般也在进入高原 后开始下降，下降至第五周时到达最低点，然后开始回升，进入到平原第三周到 达最高点。 （4）微循环相关指标与其他机能状态监控指标相类似，在进行高原训练时都会 出现一些有其自身特点的规律性变化。当运动的血细胞浓度增大时，红细胞数量 值就会增大，下肢经皮氧分压的波动曲线和血氧饱和度的一致。血流灌注量随训 练年限的延长和训练水平的提高而减慢。在经过一段时间高强度训练负荷刺激 后，对微循环指标进行连续测试，如果变化幅度不大，则表明有过度疲劳。综上 表明微循环相关指标可以作为无创监控指标之一。 关键词：关键词：赛艇；高原训练；微循环相关指标 论文类型：论文类型：应用型 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 iv abstract purpose: (1)explore the different exercise level athletes microcirculation correlation difference indicator, evaluation of different training level athletes training practice in microcirculation indices related to the reference range. (2)on the number of plateau training group and less time altitude training group microcirculation index were analyzed, which explore the rule. (3)based on the different levels of sports athletes during altitude training in microcirculation index analysis, explore the plateau training and microcirculation index differences, in order to further improve the rowing plateau training and monitoring to provide reference. (4)exploring the athlete individual physiological and biochemical indexes and microcirculation indexes and the relationship between variation, expand the noninvasive indexes in athletes functional status assessment category, make up for deficiencies in the invasive monitoring, improve the athletes functional status assessment of the accuracy and reliability of monitoring system, improve the athletes functional status and functional status assessment method of. methods: (1) subjects and groups: rowers group in shanghai city: mens rowing team12 key players as the research object, according to the experience of plateau training times, divided into two groups: group a for many times the plateau training group, a total of6 players; group b for less time altitude training group, a total of6 players. ordinary people control group: the main selection and the athlete age quite ordinary people 13(male), in strict accordance with the random sampling principle, no professional sports training history. (2) test specifications: microcirculation test indicators: heating players before and after local muscle blood flow perfusion ( pu ), movement of the blood cell concentration ( cmbc ), blood cell velocity ( v ) etc. physiological index: morning pulse, heart rate. the biochemical indices of blood routine, blood urea, serum enzyme ( ck ), testosterone ( t ), cortisol ( c ), t / c, igg, igm, iga, white blood cell classification. (3) statistical methods: all data are used spss17.0statistical software and microsoft excel 2007 software are analyzed, results are mean standard deviation ( sd) said. select one-way analysis of variance and paired-samples t test two kinds of methods for 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 v statistical processing. p 0.05for a significant difference, p 0.01 for differences significant. results: (1) with different exercise level athletes microcirculation system differences the upper extremity of the humerus two biceps before heating, heating after pu , before and after heating the difference the three indicators in the highest b group, a group, the lowest common people group. lower stock four muscles after heating, heating the difference before and after pu, the two indicators were ordinary people group, b group, a group successively. the upper extremity of the humerus two biceps before heating cmbc, upper extremity triceps brachii - two cmbc, lower extremity after heating unit four biceps before heating cmbc, b group was higher than that of a group 19.7%,10.38%,17.53%, b group is higher than that of ordinary people in groups of 164.42%,0.6%,98.42%, two upper brachial biceps before and after heating the cmbc difference, lower limb femoral head four muscle after heating cmbc, a group was lower than that of ordinary people in groups of 24.5%,34.92%, b group is lower than normal group 19.06%,33.45%. the upper extremity of the humerus two biceps before heating v, upper extremity triceps brachi- two v, after heating the upper extremity of the humerus two muscles before and after heating the v difference, lower extremity triceps brachii - two heated before v, a group was higher than that of b group 11.2%,6.7%,2.39%,18%, a group is higher than that of ordinary people in groups of 24.48%,29.69%,35.59%,65.42. lower extremity transcutaneous oxygen pressure, b group was higher than that of group a and group 2.9%,4.36% ordinary people. (2) with different exercise level athletes in different training stages to teach the microcirculation system differences this experiment to teach the three phase, the amount of blood perfusion (pu), movement of the blood cell concentration (cmbc) of the upper and lower limbs of three indicators in plateau in a group than that in the b group trends, plateau and plateau in group b than that in a group trend, in which the amount of blood perfusion (pu) of lower extremity after heating, lower limb before and after heating pu difference plateau a group than that in the b group 46.52%,51.74%, movement of the blood cell concentration (cmbc) of the lower extremity unit four biceps before heating cmbc indexes in a plateau after a group was lower than that in b group 32.3%. blood cell velocity (v) of three indicators in plateau in a group than in the b group trends, plateau and plateau was lower in b group than in a group trend, which 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 vi lower unit four biceps before heating v plateau after group a is significantly higher than that of group b 28.78%, lower stock four muscle heating difference before and after v in group a were significantly lower than those in b group 24.89%. lower extremity transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (tcpo2) in the summer of three phase, group a measured values were lower in group b, but in b group decreased than that of a group. (3) the same movement level athletes in different training stages to teach the microcirculation system comparison the same level athletes to teach the three phase, group b perfusion (pu) three index substantially plateau to below the plateau, but lower stock four muscles before and after heating value is significantly higher than in35.54%, while group a perfusion (pu) three index plateau after all below the plateau, and the lower unit four biceps after heating pu and lower limb before and after heating the pu difference two indicators were significantly lower than those in36.55%, before36.37%, group b movement of the blood cell concentration (cmbc) of three indicators in plateau after than before which the plateau, plateau after lower extremity stock four muscles before and after heating the difference value of cmbc is significantly higher than that of plateau before 51.87%, but the group a movement of the blood cell concentration (cmbc) of three indicators of plateau were lower than the plateau, and lower extremity unit four biceps before heating cmbc plateau after significantly less than the plateau before 42.84%, group b blood cell velocity (v) of three indicators after the plateau generally slightly below the plateau, while a set of blood cell velocity (v) of three indicators after the plateau and plateau roughly equivalent. a group and b group of lower limb in transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpo2) were significantly lower than those before the highland plateau after6.33%,11.92%. (4) the microcirculation indexes and other functional status monitoring index correlation the test results showed that: microcirculation index and other function monitoring indexes have some relevance. plateau in the training process, microcirculation indexes related to a wave type change, along with training the size of load fluctuation, oxygen saturation and heart rate is relatively flat, wave amplitude, suggesting that the microcirculation associated index is able to reflect the training load and intensity index, whereas heart rate only through long-term training can change. the altitude training, red cells has been at a low level, and smaller fluctuations, hemoglobin and plateau basic same, fluctuations are small, ferritin shows 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 vii ascendant trend. microcirculation indexes related to basic and testosterone is inversely proportional, and cortisol changes consistent, when microcirculation index drops, testosterone values rise, decline in cortisol. microcirculation index rises, leukocytes did not rise, immunoglobulin upward trend. conclusions: (1) in plain quiet state of the three groups of microcirculation index test, the result shows, microcirculation status and level of training and years of training related. (2) in the sub highland training process, multiple plateau group microcirculation index overall less than time altitude group, but the number of plateau to plateau environment sensitive group to a greater extent than less time plateau group. (3) in athletes during altitude training, microcirculation indexes generally just entering plateau first week began to decline, to third weeks when the pick-up, the first peak, in seventh weeks when the lowest point, and then began to pick up, to the next plateau after the first week to reach the highest point. lower extremity transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen ( tcpo2) in general is entering plateau after started to decline, falling to fifth weeks when reaching the lowest point, and then began to pick up, into the plain third weeks to reach the highest point. (4) the microcirculation associated index and other function monitoring indexes were similar, the plateau training will appear some has its own characteristic regularities. when the motion of the blood cell concentration increases, red blood cell count value will increase, lower extremity transcutaneous oxygen pressure curve and the oxygen saturation of the agreement. the amount of blood perfusion with training life extension and training level and slow. after a period of high intensity training load after stimulation, on microcirculation index for continuous testing, if modest changes, it indicates there is excessive fatigue. these results show that the microcirculation associated indexes can be used as noninvasive monitoring index of. key words: rowing; altitude training; microcirculation index type of thesis：application type 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 viii 目目 录录 1.引言 . 1 1.1 研究背景 . 1 1.2 研究现状 . 1 1.2.1 微循环 . 1 1.2.2 微循环指标的研究现状 . 3 1.2.3 运动员机能状态监控研究 . 4 1.2.4 微循环系统与运动员机能状态关系的研究 . 5 1.2.5 小结 . 6 1.3 研究的目的与意义 . 7 2.研究对象与方法 . 7 2.1 训练环境 . 7 2.2 研究对象 . 7 2.3 研究方法 . 8 2.3.1 资料分析法 . 8 2.3.2 实验法 . 8 2.3.3 数理统计法 . 9 3.结果与分析 . 9 3.1 不同水平运动员微循环系统功能的差异 . 9 3.1.1 血流灌注量(pu)的差异 . 9 3.1.2 运动的血细胞浓度(cmbc)的差异 . 10 3.1.3 血细胞运动速度(v)的差异 . 11 3.1.4 经皮氧分压(tcpo2)的差异 . 12 3.2 不同水平运动员夏训不同训练阶段的微循环系统的差异 . 12 3.2.1 血流灌注量(pu)的差异 . 12 3.2.2 运动的血细胞浓度(cmbc)的差异 . 18 3.2.3 血细胞运动速度(v)的差异 . 24 3.2.4 经皮氧分压(tcpo2)的差异 . 29 3.3 同一水平运动员夏训不同训练阶段的微循环系统差异的比较 . 31 3.3.1 血流灌注量(pu)的比较 . 31 3.3.2 运动的血细胞浓度(cmbc)的比较 . 35 3.3.3 血细胞运动速度(v)的比较 . 39 3.3.4 经皮氧分压(tcpo2)的比较 . 43 3.4 微循环指标与其他机能状态监控指标的关联性 . 46 微循环相关指标在男子赛艇运动员机能状态监控中的应用研究 ix 3.4.1 微循环指标测试结果与分析 . 46 3.4.2 其他机能状态监控指标测试结果与分析 . 54 3.4.3 微循环相关指标与其他机能状态监控指标的关联性 . 65 4.讨论 . 67 4.1 不同水平运动员微循环系统功能的差异 . 67 4.2 不同水平运动员夏训不同训练阶段微循环系统的差异 . 68 4.3 同一水平运动员夏训不同训练阶段微循环