公共英语第五段考试复习内容.docVIP

Unit 7abandonv.离弃；丢弃，放弃cautiousa.十分小心的，谨慎的challengen.挑战，邀请比赛；艰巨的任务establishv.建立，创办explodev.突然爆发，（使）爆炸impactn.影响，作用；冲击力，撞击力leadershipn.领导才能，领导地位organizationn.团体；组织；结构prayv.祈祷；祈求propertyn.房地产；财产streamn.川流不息；（小）河；（人车等的）流throatn.咽喉；颈前部tougha.粗野的；坚韧的；困难的Tragedyn.惨事；不幸；悲剧vacanta.未占用的；空的Move in 搬入新家Hang out经常出没；闲荡；厮混Turn over翻转Take to逐渐习惯于做（某事）；开始喜欢Take a stand表明立场Set on fire/set fire to放火烧，使燃烧run into偶然遇见Get through to sb.使某人懂得，使某人明白1) 在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机。Under the leadership of the local government, the villagers rose to the serious food crisis caused by the floods.2) 这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者。The exhibition is very popular and is attracting a steady stream of visitors.3) 妈妈上楼来查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了。When Mom came upstairs to check on us kids, I turned over and pretended to be asleep.4) 对阿姆斯特德来说，向毒贩展开斗争是个挑战。虽然她感到紧张不安，但她决心勇敢地面对这些人。Waging a battle against the drug pushers was a challenge to Armstead. She felt rather nervous but she decided to confront them.5) 老太太叫我小心些，不要与那些在街角闲荡的家伙讲话。The old lady told me to be cautious and not to talk to the guys hanging out on the street corner.6) 一个卫生组织促使地方政府为建造一所新的医院筹措三百万美元的资金。A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.People told her she was crazy to talk to those thugs that way. Especially after another mom who had taken a stand was killed just five blocks away. Angela Dawson had waged her own battle against a different set of drug pushersand lost. In a tragedy that made the national news, the Dawson house was set on fire and Angela, her husband, Carnell, and five of their children died. A neighborhood man was charged. Armstead didnt know Angela Dawson, but she knew her children. After the deadly fire, she was more cautionsbut she didnt stop.人们对她说，她跟那帮恶棍这样讲话真是太蠢了。尤其是在仅仅五个街区外另一个表明自己立场的大妈被杀之后。这个大妈叫安吉拉道森。她只身与另一伙毒品贩子进行了一场战斗结果失败了。道森家的房子被人放火烧了，安吉拉、她的丈夫卡内尔和他们的五个孩子都死了，这一悲剧成了震惊全国的新闻。邻近地区内的一名男子受到指控。阿姆斯特德不认识安吉拉道森，但她认识她的孩子。在这场致死的大火后，她更加当心了但她并没有停止。Unit8admissionn.准许进入，承认，供认applaudv.拍手称赞behaviorn.行为Charactern.性格，品质competencyn.能力，胜任evidencen.证据frequentlyn.频繁地honestyn.诚实misdemeanorn.轻罪numerousa.许多的，无数的psychologicala.心理上的requirementn.要求，必要条件stylen.方式，样式，风度，风格，时髦Supermarketn.超级市场temptationn.引诱，诱惑Out of style过时的；不再流行的According to按照，依据(be) faced with面对A case in point恰当的例子Think of as把看作On the other hand另一方面，反过来说Go down下降，减少1) 巨额投资(investment)使这一地区的经济得以迅速发展。Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.2) 成功在于勤奋(diligence)，这句话很正确。It is true that success lies in diligence.3) 他们都具有很高的道德标准，决不会受诱惑接受如此贵重的礼品。Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted to take such expensive gifts.4) 有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面。There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.5) 调查显示，对某些人来说，退休往往会造成心理上的疾病。Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.6) 医疗队并没有一味抱怨当地医院较差的工作条件。比如说，好几位医生就曾用自己的钱购置了简单的医疗器械。The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital. For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money. Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As 409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said theyd left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students.这个国家的大专院校已经决定不只是光谈论学生作弊的上升还要采取行动。例如，迈阿密大学的心理学系发动了一场停止作弊形成的运动。当409名学生列队离开他们的考场时，他们发现除了一个以外所有的出口都被锁住了。监考人要求每个学生出示一张附有照片的ID卡。那些说将ID卡留在宿舍或家里的学生被拍了面部照片。这个运动的目的是要抓那些来为别人考试的替考人学生。Unit9absolutea.绝对的academica.学术的，学究的，学院的aptituden.能力，才能automobilen.汽车complacenta.自满的，自鸣得意的determinev.确定estimaten.估计evaluationn.估价，评价explorev.探索，探究hammerv.用榔头敲，用锤击numericala.用数字表示的pronouncementn.声明；见解registerv.取得，登记subsectionn.小组，分部Make a fuss of/over为大惊小怪Make up编制，配制By ones estimate据某人估计Take sth. for granted认为某事当然Pick out挑选For sure确切地，肯定1) 作者认为，我们不应想当然地以为那些智力测验得分高的人在实际工作中就一定能干得好。The author argues that we should not take it for granted that those who score high on intelligence tests will naturally do well in practical work.2) 我挑出几条英语习语（idiom）， 考了一下我的同班同学。I picked out some English idioms and tried them on my classmates.3) 三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案作出评估。Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.4) 他比任何对手的得分都高得多，证明他不愧为一个胜利者。He scored much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner.5) 这两只动物外貌很相似，但它们属于不同的种类。The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.6) 我并不确切知道他申请的贷款（loan）银行是否会给。I dont know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.Consider my auto-repair man, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under automobile hood to say, “Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer . He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?”再来考虑一下我的汽车修理师吧。他有个习惯，每次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。有一次他从汽车引擎罩下面抬起头来说：“博士，有一个又聋又哑的人走进一家五金店买钉子。他把两个手指头一起放在柜台上，用另一只手做了几次锤击动作。”“店员给他拿来一把锤子。他摇摇头，指了指他正在敲击的那两个手指头。店员给他拿来了钉子。他选出了自己需要的尺寸，然后就走了。听好，博士，接着进来的是一个瞎子。他要买剪刀。你猜他是怎样表示的呢？”Unit 10applicationn.申请，运用，实施appreciatev.欣赏，鉴赏；感谢，感激commentn.评论complimentv./n.赞美（话）constructivea.建设性的dramaticallyAd.显著地embarrassv.使尴尬exhaustv.使精疲力竭gloriousa.辉煌的peacefullyAd.安静的profitn.益处；利润reluctanta.不情愿的；勉强的rewardinga.值得（做）的；报答的surprisinglyAd.令人惊讶地wearya.厌倦的，厌烦的Make out开出，写出Only too极，非常Shrug off耸肩表示对不屑理睬Pat on the back赞扬；鼓励Pass on传递Live on靠生活1) 作者想通过这篇文章向读者传达她对赞扬与批评的看法。Through the article the author wants to convey to the readers her views on praise and criticism.2) 作为父母我们应该知道，对于孩子们来说，一句赞扬抵得上十句责骂。As parents we should know that for children an ounce of praise is worth a pound of scolding.3) 这位教师并不是一个了不起的学者，但他的确懂得怎样把一门课教得活泼而有趣。(in a . manner)The teacher isnt much of a scholar, but he does know how to teach a course in a lively and interesting manner.4) 我们常常发现运用一个规律比懂得它要难得多。We often find it much more difficult to apply a rule than to know it.5) 格林先生老是挑他女儿写作的刺儿，但不知怎的，对她那首写得很差的诗歌却给予好评。Mr. Green was always critical of his daughters writings, but somehow he commented favorably on that poorly written poem of hers.6) 我们班上有不少学生因为没有按时交作文而受到教师的当众批评。Quite a few students in our class were publicly criticized by the teacher for failing to hand in their compositions on time.Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas-station attendants, waitresseseven housewives. Do you ever go into a house and say, “What a tidy room?” Hardly anybody does. Thats why housework is considered such a dreary grind. Comment is often made about activities which are relatively easy and satisfying, like arranging flowers; but not about jobs which are hard and dirty, like scrubbing floors. Shakespeare said, “Our praises are our wages.” Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she of all people should get her measure.赞美特别被那些做着一成不变的事的人们所欣赏：加油站服务人员、侍者甚至是家庭主妇。你曾经走进一个家里并且说，多么干净的房间？几乎没有人这样做。那是为什么家务活被认为是如此沉闷乏味的道理。评语被经常产生于相对比较容易或满意的活动，像插花；但却与困难而脏的工作无关，像擦地板。莎士比亚说，我们的赞美是我们的报酬。因为如此经常的赞美是一位家庭主妇得到的惟一的报酬，确实所有的家庭主妇都应该得到她的评语。Unit1arrestablea.应被逮捕的brillianta.辉煌的，卓越的circumstancen.情况，环境complainv.抱怨confirmv.证实，肯定；确认conversationala.会话（用）的defencen.辩护dismissv.驳回，对不予受理employmentn.职业，工作magistraten.地方法官Regard(as)v.把看作，把认为respectablea.值得尊敬的subsequenta.随后的，接下去的successfula.成功的，有成就的temporarya.暂时的a coupe of一对Take ones time慢慢来，不着急At first起先Call on要求；号召Stand a chance有机会，有希望Turn against使变成和敌对Book 3 Unit 1中译英翻译1) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。Jack didnt know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary.2) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicious）是对的。(confirm)The subsequent events confirmed my suspicious once again.3) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official.4) 只有少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.5) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。(given)Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter.6) 数小时后，有人看见那个男孩在林子里瞎转。Several hours later, the boy was found wandering around in the woods.And so I dont have a criminal record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the “right” accent, respectable middle-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor. Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitors case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a “brilliant academic record”.这样，我的履历上没有留下犯罪的记录。但当时最令人震惊的，是那些显然导致宣布我无罪的证据。我讲话的口音“表明我受过良好教养”，到庭的有体面的中产阶级的双亲，有可靠的证人，还有，我显然请得起一名很好的律师。从对我指控的这种捕风捉影的做法来看，我肯定，如果我出身在另一种背景的家庭里，并且真的是失了业的话，我完全可能被判有罪。当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时，他公然把辩护的证据建立在我“学业优异”这一事实上。 Unit2accessn.入口 v.获取contractv.感染（疾病）definitelyAd.清楚地；明确地evolutionn.演变，进化，发展fruitfula.多产的，有利的highwayn.公路，交通要道limitationn.限制，限定mildn.不重的，轻微的notablea.值得注意的，显著的，著名的parametern.因素，特性；界限shatterV.(使)粉碎strawberryn.草莓supera.极好的；了不起的versionn.(某种)版本，形式viewv.察看；考虑，看待Take out拿出；抽出Think up想出In short总之Bring up使注意，提出迅速方便地获得信息是很重要，但学会以新的方式看信息甚至更为重要。医学上一次重大突破也许能说明这一观点。科学家本想寻找一种治天花的特效药，但他们没 有成功。英国医生爱德华詹纳放弃寻找特效药，而是通过找到一种预防天花的办法征服了这一疾病。显然，是创造性思维使他的工作获得巨大收获。总之，记住下 面这句话肯定大有裨益：有多种方法可以用来看待你下载的大量资料。It is important to have easy and quick access to information, but it is even more important to learn to view information in new ways. A major medical breakthrough may illustrate the point. Scientists had intended to find a cure for smallpox, but they got nowhere. Edward Jenner, a British physician, abandoned the quest for a cure and conquered the disease by finding a way to prevent it. Obviously, it was creative thinking that led to his fruitful work. In short, it definitely pays to keep this in mind: there is more than one way to view volumes of data you download.We are not now, nor have we recently been suffering from a lack of information. Think how much more information we have than Copernicus four centuries ago. And he didnt do anything less Earth-shattering (pun intended) than completely change the way the universe was viewed. He didnt do it by uncovering more informationhe did it by looking differently at information everyone else already had looked at. Edward Jenner didnt invent preventive medicine by accumulating information; he did it by reframing the question.无论是现在还是最近，我们都不缺乏信息。试想我们拥有的信息比四百年前的哥白尼多了多少。但他做出了足以震撼全球的（权作双关语）惊人之举，完全改变了人们对宇宙的看法。他做出此举不是靠发现更多的信息，而是靠用不同的眼光看大家都看到过的信息。爱德华詹纳不是靠积累信息发明了预防药物，而是靠重新表述问题。Unit3administrationn.管理（部门），行政（机关）analysisn.分析corporationn.有限公司creationn.创造（物）distributionn.分发，分送energetica.精力充沛的intuitionn.直觉journaln.杂志，日报mechanicn.机械工，机修工occasionala.偶尔的，间或的opportunityn.机会Professionn.职业Self-reliancen.依靠自己；自力更生stimulatev.刺激；激励technologicala.技术的Stay up熬夜 Take notes记笔记Keep a diary记日记Leave out省去，遗漏Send off寄出，派遣Catch ones breath喘息；屏息1) 许多美国大学生申请政府贷款交付学费。Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their tuition.2) 除新闻记者材料外，使用电影和多媒体（multimedia）会激发学生学习的兴趣。Besides newsman