医学英语词缀.ppt

,医学英语的词缀类别,1.炎:theinflammationof/-itis,肝炎，动脉炎，扁桃体炎，血管炎，肾炎，喉气管支气管炎，胰腺炎，盲肠炎，卵巢炎，毛囊炎，结肠炎，前列腺炎，膀胱炎，脊髓灰质炎，脑炎，心内膜炎，胸膜炎，滑膜炎，全关节炎，肺炎。,hepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liverarteritis动脉炎;arter/o:arterytonsillitis扁桃体炎;tonsill/o:tosilvasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vesselnephritis肾炎;nephr/o:kidney,laryngeotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎;(larynx)(trachea)(bronchus)pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:pancreascecitis盲肠炎;cec/o:cecum,cecaovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;ovary=oophron,folliculitis毛囊炎;follicul/o:folliclecolitis=colonitis结肠炎;col/o:colonprostatitis前列腺炎;prostat/o:prostatecystitis膀胱炎;cyst/o:bladder,cystpoliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎;poli-:grey;myel/o:bonemarrow,spinalcord(骨髓),cephalitis脑炎;cephal/o:headendocarditis心内膜炎;cardi/o:heartpleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleurasynovitis滑膜炎;synov/o:synoviapanarthritis全关节炎;pan-:all;arthr/o:jointpneumonia肺炎,2.痛,headache,stomachache.thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia神经痛,胸痛,乳突痛，乳痛，心痛，足痛风，胃痛，关节痛，头痛，腹痛，腿痛，胸骨痛，剑突痛,neuralgia神经痛;neur/o:nerve;thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛;pector/o:thorac/o:chestmastoidalgia乳突痛;mastoid:乳突mastalgia乳痛;mast/o:breastalgometer测痛仪,cardiodynia心痛podagraorpodalgia足痛风;pod/o:foot;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomacharthralgia关节痛;arthr/o:jointcephalodynia头痛;cephal/o:headabdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomen,skelalgia腿痛;skel/o:skelos,legsternodynia胸骨痛;stern/o:sternum,breatbonexiphoidalgia,xiphodynia剑突痛;xiphoid/o:xiph/o:xiphoid,3.术operationof.,缝合术，固定术，切除术，切开术，造口术，穿刺术，碎石术，折骨术，灌洗术，成形术，结扎术，造影术,缝合术:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术:ectomy:removalpharyngectomy咽切除pharyng/o:pharynx;,固定术:-pexy:fixinghysteropexy(fixing);hysteropexia(fixing)子宫固定术hyster,uterus,womb(子宫)rectopexy直肠固定术rect/o:rectum,appendectomy:阑尾切除术append/o:appendic/o:appendix阑尾gastrectomy:胃切除术；gastr/o:gaster;stomachsplenectomy:脾切除术；splen/o：spleen,切开术:-tomy:processofcuttingtracheotomy:气管切开；trache/o:trachea;windpipe气管hysterotomy:子宫切开；craniotomy:颅骨切开；crani/o:cranium,skull,nephrotomy:肾切开术;nephr/o:ren/o:kidneyceliotomy剖腹术celi/o:abdomen;belly结扎术:-desis：bindingtogetheraneurysmodesis:动脉瘤结扎,切器，切刀-tome:instrumentforcuttingthoracotome开胸刀；thorac/o:thorax,chest胸碎石术:-tripsy：crushinglithotripsy：碎石术；lith/o:stone:结石,造口/吻合术:ostomy:processofmakinganopeningoraconnectionbetween)gastrostomy胃造口术esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合术esophagus:食管(asfgs)duodenoenterostomy:十二指肠吻合术duoden/o:duodenum十二指肠；enter/o:intestine;smallintestine肠，小肠,穿刺术:-centesis:surgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid;或者nyxis:pricking穿刺amniocentesis:羊膜穿刺术amni/o:amnion羊膜hyalnyxis:玻璃体穿刺术;hyal/o:glass,glasslike,transparent玻片样的;透明的,折(骨)术:-clasia：fracture，breakingosteoclasia：折骨术oste/o:bone灌洗术:-clysis：washingbronchoclysis：支气管灌洗术；bronch/o:bronchus支气管,造影术:-graphy:processofrecordingarteriography:动脉造影；arteri/o:arteryphlebography：静脉造影phleb/oven/o:veinangiography:血管造影angi/o:vesselvas/o:vessel血管，输精管nephrography:肾造影nephr/o:kidney,成形术:-plasty:surgicalreshapingvalvoplasty:瓣膜成形术;valv/o:valve瓣膜osteplasty骨成形术；myoplasty肌成形术my/o:muscle肌整形术：ortho-:straight;orthopedic整形外科的；orthopod整形外科医生；orthotherapy整形疗法,4.方位/时间方面的词缀,上：upper/superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮组织；supracostal上肋的；cost/o:rib肋骨epicondyle上髁;condyle:髁supercerebellar小脑上的;cerebell/o:cerebellum下：lower/inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skininfratracheal气管下的;trachea=windpipe,前：front/anterior/prior/fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前额anteroposteriorntrpsterr前后的precirrhosisprsrss前期肝硬化；cirrhosissrss肝硬变antepartal产前的;part/o:givebirthprodroma/prodrome前驱症状:anearlysymptomthatadiseaseisdevelopingorthatanattackisabouttooccur,后：back/posterior/post-;retro-postheptical肝后的；heptic/o:liver;postprandial餐后的；prand/o:mealsretrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heartpostpharyngeal咽后的;pharyng/o:pharynx咽,内：inner/internal/in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入endoscopy内窥镜检；-scopy：visualexamentocranial颅内的；crani/o:skull,craniumintra-arachnoidrknd珠网膜内的encelitis内脏炎;celi/o:abdomen腹腔,外：outer/external/ex-;exo-;ultra-；extra-；extract抽出；exhale呼出excretion排泄物；exocardial心外的ultraviolet紫外线;ultra-:beyond腹膜外的:extraperitoneal;peritoneum腹膜,间：inter-;between;intermuscular肌肉间的；intercostal肋间的interchondral软骨间的;chondr/o:chartilage软骨,副，旁：onthesideof;para-;parathyroid甲状旁腺pararenal肾旁的ren/o：kidneyparenteral肠胃外的;enter/o:intestine,smallintestine,反；对立：opposite;conter-;contra-;counterpart对等物或人；countershock抗休克contraindication禁忌症,全：pan-:whole,allpancarditis全心肌炎;pancolectomy泛结肠切除；col/o:colon结肠panmyelosis全骨髓增生中:mid;midabdomen中腹部中心：central;centri-,centra-;centro-centrifugation离心；centralizev.centronucleus中心核,周：around;peri-;perioperative手术期间的，peritoneum腹膜periadenitis腺周炎;aden/o:glandpericarditis心包炎,5.颜色方面的词缀,颜色：colour,chrom-;chromo-;chromat/o;chromosome染色体；-some:bodychromatin染色板chromatometer比色计;-meter:instrumentformeasuring,白：white；leuk/o:alb/o:,albin/o:album-:leukocyte白细胞；leukemia白血病leukocyteuria尿白细胞症albinism白化病albumin白蛋白;leukoderma白斑;derm/o:skinleukonychia白甲;onych/o:nailleukopoiesis白细胞生成(-poiesis:生成production,formation,黑：black;melano-;melanoderma黑皮病melanoma黑色瘤melanin黑色素;-in:substance(素)melanosarcoma黑肉瘤;sarc/o:fleshnigrometer黑度计;nigr/o:nigra(黑质),紫：purplepurpura紫癜粉色：pink;pinkfrothysputum粉红色泡沫痰青铜色：bronzedbronzeddiabetes青铜色糖尿病,棕色：brown;brownmixture甘草合剂brownsugar红糖橙色：orange;ethylorange乙基橙蓝色：blue；cyan/o：cyanhidrosis(蓝)汗症hidr/o:sweatcyanosis紫绀；cyanopsia蓝视症cyanemia蓝血症,红色：red；erythro-;rub/o;erythema红斑(Greek)erythroderma=erytherodermia;红皮病erythromycin红霉素;myc/o:fungus霉菌rubefaction发红(皮肤发红)n.erythrochloropia红绿视症;chlor/o:green-opia:visionbilirubin=cholerythrin胆红素;chol/o:,bil/o:bile,erythrocyte红细胞erythrocyturia血尿erythrometer红细胞计数灰色：grey;poli-；poliomyelitis骨髓灰质炎;myel/o:bonemarrow,青：glauc/o:greenish,greyglaucoma青光眼;glaucobilin胆青素;bil/o:bilechloroquine氯奎chlorophyll叶绿素;-phyll:leaf,黄色：yellow;xantho-;xanthoma黄瘤;xanth/o:yellowxanthine黄嘌呤jaundice黄疸xanthosis黄疸xanthoma脂肪性纤维瘤,6.脏器方面的词缀,心heart,cardio-carditis心脏炎；cardiopuncture心穿刺术cardiology心脏病学；cardiologist脑brainencephalo-enkefl；cerebralcerebrum大脑；encephalitisenseflats大脑炎cerebellum小脑；cerebritis小脑炎,肺lungpulmon-：pulmonaryplmnripulmonitis肺炎；pneumonia肺炎Pulmonectomyplmnektm肺切pulmonology肺学肝liver，hepato-；heptatichepatitis肝炎；hepatology肝学hepatobiliary肝胆的；bil/o:bile,胃stomach，gastro-；gastricgastritis胃炎；gastrointestinal胃肠的gastrology胃学胆gallbladderg:lbld;chol/o:biliary,bilecholecystitisklsstats胆囊炎;cyst/o:cyst,urinarybladder囊，膀胱cholecyst胆囊；gall-stone胆结石,肠intestine；entero-；intestinalenteritis肠炎；enterectomy肠切除脾spleensplen/o:spleen;splenalgia脾痛algia:painsplenectomysplnektm脾切除术胰腺pancreas，panreatic；pancreat/o:pancreatitis胰腺炎；pancreatopathy胰病pathy:变态或疾病(Latinsuffix=abnormalityordisease),肾kidney；nephro-；rena-；nephritis肾炎；nephropathy肾病renalfailure肾衰竭；renalportalvein肾门静脉血bloodhem/o:;hemat/o:hematology血液学；hemoglobin血红蛋白hematoma血肿；hemorrhagehemrd出血，失血,血管bloodvessel；vaso-；cardiovasology心血管学；cerebrovascular脑血管的静脉vein；ven-；venography静脉造影；intravenous静脉注射的；静脉内的venoconstriction静脉收缩；venodilation静脉扩张,动脉artery；arterio-；arteriology动脉学；arteriole:tril小动脉arteriosclerosis:trisklrss动脉硬化肌肉muscle；my/o:musclemyology肌肉学；myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bonemarrow；myel/o:myelitis骨髓炎；myelomamalm骨髓瘤,神经nerve；neur/o:neuro-neurology神经学；neuritis神经炎neuron神经元细胞cell；cyte-；-cytecytology细胞学；leukocytelu:ksat白细胞cytomasatm细胞瘤,尿urinejrnuro-；ur-urology泌尿学；urosurgery泌尿手术urogenital泌尿生殖的体body，somat/o:-somesomatology躯体学；somatopsychicsmtsakk身心的chromosomekrmsm染色体,7.与检查有关的词缀,镜检：-scopy镜检法;scope镜gastroscopy胃镜法；celioscope；laparoscope体腔镜；腹腔镜celi/o:lapar/o:abodomen,bellyperitoneoscopypertnskp腹膜镜检法cardioscope心脏检查镜，,量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuringcardiometer心力计；thermometer温度计bloodpressuremeter血压计densimeter密度计；density密度,心电图：electrocardiogram=ECG;eletrocardiograph心电图仪脑电图:electroencephalogram=EEGencephaloenkefl脑B超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography计算机x射线断层同位素:isotope;isotopicexamination同位素检查,尿检urineanalysis血常规bloodroutine,8.数字方面的词缀,一：mon/o:uni-Monday;carbonmonoxideunidirection单向的monoclone单克隆,二：bi-；di-bilateral两侧的biphasic双向性的carbondioxidedipoptide二肽,三：tri-trilateral三边的tricycle四：tetra-tetracycline四环素cycline环化素tetraplegia四瘫plegiapld麻痹，瘫，瘫痪tetramer四聚物mer/meros(Greek=part)（希腊语）部分,五：penta-Pentagon五边形pentachromic五色的pentachloride五氯化钠六：hexa-hexachromic六色的benzenehexachloride六氯化苯（六六六）,七：hepta-;sept/o:seven;septum(隔膜)heptachromic七色的heptaploid七倍体ploid倍体septangle七边形；septotomy房隔切开术tomyseptostomy房隔造口术ostomy,八：octa-octahedral八面体的octalsystem八进制,九：nona-nonapeptide九肽nonagon九边形十：deca-decade十年decagram十克deciliter十分之一升deci十分之一,多：poly-；multi-；polyuria多尿；polymer聚合体polyopia复视症-opia:眼,视力；multimediapolyoposia饮水过多;-posia:drinkingpolyphagiaplfed贪食症(杂食);phag/o:eating,少：-penia：-penic：deficiency,lack；olig/o:deficiency,fewagranulocytopeniarnjlsatpi:n粒细胞缺乏症oliguria小便减少;,大：macro-;-megalymacronucleus巨核；macrophage巨噬细胞phage;抗菌素，噬菌体splenomegaly脾肿大；hepatmegaly肝肿大小:micro-;-letmicroorganism；microscopymicronucleus微核；droplet小滴；platelet血小板leaflet小叶；booklet小册,9.其他方面的词缀,1.怕，畏惧phobia:fearphotophobiaphot/o:light畏光noctophobia;noct/o:night怕黑hydraphobia恐水症(狂犬病)hydro-waterxenophobiazenfbi怕生客;xen/o:stranger,困难dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能障碍;dyspepsia消化不良peps/o：digestiondyspneadspni:呼吸困难-pnea：breathingdysuria排尿困难dystrophy;-trophy:nourishment营养不良,dystocia难产-tocia：birthdystopia=dystopy异位,错位top/o：positiondysplasia发育不良;plas/o:-plasia:formation,growth,development,不良mal-：badmalnutrition营养不良；malpractice事故malfunction机能障碍malignant恶性的maladministration管理不善,好，正，eu-：goodeupepsia消化良好（正常）peps/o:digestioneutopic正位的:top/o:position,locationeutocia顺产(正常分娩;-tocia/-toscin:labour,delivery分娩euesthesiaju:esi:z感觉良好（正常）:esthesi/o:feelingeugenic优生的adj.eugenics优生学;gen/o:producingeuthanasiaju:nezi安乐死;-thanasia:death,瘤，肿块oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；adenoma腺瘤hematoma血肿血症emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血病；septisemia败血症bacteremial菌血症anemia贫血an-：without,高：hyper-：high，above;hyperdynamia:肌力过度;hypertension高血压（highbloodpressure）hypertonia张力/压力过高hypertonicadj.张力亢进的hypersensitive过敏的hyperplasia增生-plasia：growth,低：hypo-;low;belowhypotoniahypotonic张力/压力过低（的）hypodynamia乏力（力不足）;dynam/o:power,force;dynamicadj.dynamicshypotension;lowbloodpressure,hyposensitive弱敏的，敏感度减弱的,急促：tachy-:quicktachypnea呼吸急促tachycardia(心动过速)急性：acuteattack急性发作急诊：emergency慢性：chronic,麻痹plegia:beingsenseless；paralysishemiplegia半身不遂；panplegia全身瘫痪pan-：wholemyoplegia肌瘫facioplegia面瘫,坏死necrosis：death，necro-；deathhepatonecrosis肝坏死；necrospermia死精症；osteonecrosisstnekrss骨坏死;oste/o:bone,流出rrhea：flowing；burstingoutdiarrhea腹泻；menorrheamenr行经(flow,discharge)hemorrhagehemrd出血(burstingforthofblood)entorrhagia英entred内出血(burstingforthofblood)ent/o:inside,inner,狭窄-stenosis:narrowingarteriostenosis动脉狭窄软化malacia;softeningcerebromalacia脑软化cerebr/o:cerebrum,brain,硬化-sclerosis:hardeningcerebrosclerosis英serbrsklrss脑硬化疏松-porosis:passageosteoporosis(passage)stiprss骨质疏松扩张,增大-ectasis:dilation,stretchingbronchiectasis支气管扩张,止血-schesisski:ss：holdingback,suppressionofdischarge)hemoschesis闭塞：rhinocleisis(closure,blockage闭)rhinocleisisranklass鼻腔堵塞；rhin/o：nose,冲洗clysis:washingrhinoclysis(washing)鼻冲洗弯曲-cyllosis:-cyrtosis:crookingbrachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂弯曲brachi/o:brachium,arm;,疗法：-therapyradiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)chemotherapy化疗physiotherapy理疗psychotherapy心理疗法therapist治疗师,无，没有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的asexual无性的asymptomatic无症状的anemia贫血anorexianreksi厌食症orex/o:appetiteanesthesiansi:zi麻醉(感觉缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perception,肥胖:fat?obesebi:sadj.obesityn.夜间盗汗;nightsweats血常规:routinebloodtest,中风:卒中（拉丁语）strokecerebrovascularaccident(CVA)apop