Unit 1 —— 冠词的用法.docVIP

Unit 1 冠词的用法概念引入冠词是一种虚词，它置于名词前，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词本身不能单独使用，在句子中不重读。冠词可以分为不定冠词和定冠词。此外，在某些情况下是不使用冠词的，这种不使用冠词的情况叫做零冠词。1. 不定冠词的用法：不定冠词包括a/an，只用于单数可数名词前。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。它们的意思相当于one, 但是不像one一样强调数量。不定冠词在很多情况下可以译成“一”、“每”，有时可以不译出。例如：There is a book on the table. 桌子上有一本书。Please give me an apple. 请给我一个苹果。不定冠词的具体用法包括以下几个方面：1）表示一类人或者一类事物中的一个。例如：Hes an English teacher.他是个英语老师。Its an action movie. 这是一部动作片。2）指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：A girl is waiting for you at the school gate. 一个女孩在校门口等你。Is there a bank near here? 这附近有银行吗？3）用在时间、速度、价格等前，表示“每一”，相当于every。例如：How much are the oranges? 桔子多少钱？Two yuan a kilo.每公斤两元。I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。4）用在某一些固定搭配的短语中。例如：a lot of许多 a little/ a few 一点 after a while 一会儿have a look 看一看have a good time 玩得高兴 have a cold 感冒5）用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。I want to have a third try. 我想要试第三次。2. 定冠词的用法：定冠词the用于名词（可数名词单数和复数，以及不可数名词）前表特指，翻译为“这个（些），那个（些）”，或者不翻译。具体用法如下：1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：The apple on the plate is for you. 盘子里的苹果是你的。The book on the desk is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。2）说话双方都知道的人或者事物。例如：Please go and close the door. 请过去把门关上。How much is it? 这个多少钱？Ten dollars. 10美元。3）指上文刚提到的人或物。例如：I found a picture in the box. The picture was very beautiful.我在箱子里发现了一幅画。那幅画非常美丽。There is a girl in the room. The girl is my sister.房间里有个女孩，那个女孩是我姐姐（妹妹）。4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。例如：The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5）用在序数词和形容词的最高级前面。例如：You are the best student in our school. 你是我们学校最好的。Dont put off what you should do to the last second.不要把该做的事拖到最后时刻。6）用在普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Palace 颐和园7）用在乐器名称前。例如：The little girl likes playing the violin.那个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴。8）用在姓氏的复数前，表示“某某一家人或者夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家/格林夫妇the Blacks 布莱克一家/布莱克夫妇9）用在某些固定搭配的习惯用语中。例如：in the morning在上午by the way 顺便说一下 at the same time 同时in the middle of 在中间 make the bed 铺床 all the time一直3. 零冠词的用法：单独使用名词不使用冠词的情况，在英语中称为零冠词的用法。常见的零冠词的用法有：1）专有名词(人名、地名国名等)和不可数名词前。例如：They live in China. 他们住在中国。His name is Li Lei. 他叫李雷。 She likes drinking milk very much. 她很喜欢喝牛奶。2）复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如：I like pandas. They are very cute. 我喜欢熊猫。它们非常可爱。She thinks thrillers are very scary. 她认为恐怖片很可怕。3）在称呼语、头衔和职务名称前。例如：I like my English teacher, Miss Wang.我喜欢我的英语老师王老师。It was Captain Richard Madden.他是理查德马登上尉。（表示不明身份的人时用代词it）4）四季、月份、节假日、日期和星期等名词前不用冠词。例如：They will have a football match on Friday.星期五他们将有一场足球赛。注意：当谈论具体的季节、日期和中国传统节日时常用定冠词。I dont like the spring of Beijing. Its too sandy.我不喜欢北京的春天，沙尘太多了。5）一日三餐、球类运动前不用冠词。例如：My brother is playing basketball with his friends now.我弟弟正在和朋友们打篮球。She has breakfast at six oclock.她六点吃早餐。6）名词前已经有做定语的词this, that, my, your, some, any, each, every等修饰时。例如：This is my book. 这是我的书。Some people dont like his new movie. 一些人不喜欢他的新电影。7）某些固定词组中不用冠词。例如：at school在校学习in hospital住院 go to bed上床睡觉face to face面对面 on foot步行 by bus乘公共汽车巩固练习. 用a , an , the , / 填空。1. It takes（花费）him half _hour to do his homework .2. Except（除了）an “e” , there is _“s” and _“u” in the word “use” .3. The child has _uncle and _aunt .4. Is _water as good as（像一样好）_milk for our health ?5. _book on _desk is mine .6. On his _tenth birthday , he received（收到）a gift（礼物）from his teacher.7. Do you like _Chinese , _math or _P.E ?8. We have no classes on _Saturday .9. Han Mei sits on _right of Jim .10. He likes to play _piano and play _football . 单项选择。1. Be careful ! There is _dog lying on the ground. Thanks a lot.A. a B. an C. the D. /2. Victor can play _ piano. He can join the music club.A. a B. an C. the3. There is no living thing on _moon.A. the B. a C. 不填4. Bill likes playing _ basketball, but he doesnt like playing _ piano.A. the, the B. /, the C. the, /5. _ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.A. / B. A C. An D. The6. What _bad weather it is today! Yes, _ weather makes me so sad.A. a; aB. /; theC. an; theD. the; a7. _ is your mother? She is _ English teacher.AWho; the BWhat; / CWhat; an DWho; a8. _15th International Film Festival will be held in Shanghai.A. The B. An C. A D.9. What _fine weather we have these days !A. a B. / C. the10. Thats _useful book . I have read it already .A. a B. an C. the11. This is _ song Ive ever sung to you .A. a B. an C. the12. The Smiths have _8-year-old daughter . She is very clever .A. a B. an C. the D. /13. _Greens are on a visit to China .A. a B. / C. the14. We dont think she is such _honest girl .A. a B. an C. the D. /15. We know _water is important to us , so we mustnt waste _water around us .A. a B. an C. the D. /答案与解析. 用a , an , the , / 填空。1. an 2. an, a 3. an, an 4. / , / 5. The, the6. / 7. /, /, / 8. / 9. the 10. the, /. 单项选择。1. A。定冠词the用在名词前表特指，不定冠词用在名词前表一类，a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。此处表示泛指，dog的第一个因素是辅音，故选A2. C。the表示特指或者一些固定用法，比如用在乐器的前面，必须用定冠词the。句意为“维克托会弹钢琴，他可以加入音乐俱乐部”。3. A。世界上独一无二的事物前需要加定冠词the, 如the sun , the earth等。此处句意为“月球上没有生命”。故选A。4. B。play 后接乐器，表示乐器的名词前面要用定冠词the，play后接球类，表示球类的名词前不用冠词。5. D。表示姓氏的Green前面加the，后面加-s，指“一家人”，是惯用法。6. B。weather是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词修饰。所以第一空不填，第二空的weather是特指上文提到的，所以用the修饰。7. C。询问职业可用what提问，句意为“你妈妈是干什么的？回答为“妈妈是一英语老师”。English teacher 是元音音素开头，所以用an修饰。8. A。定冠词the用