中考英语知识点大汇总.doc

第一部分:单项选择 一、名词考点：历年都放在单选21题,考查名词的词义辨析,学生应当熟记所学单词,并根据情景和关键词选出答案单选部分只考查名词的词义,但是,在完形部分也会考到名词 【分类】1)专有n.:表示人名、物名、地名或是组织机构的名称的词：Lucy, China, Shanghai, the Great Wall2)普通n.:(1)可数n:分为个体n.(dictionary, pencil等)及集体n.(family, police等) (2)不可数n:分为物质n.(rice, glass, water等)及抽象n.(health, life, homework等) 【可数n.的复数形式】1)一般情况,加-s 如cakecakes daydays studentstudents 2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词,加-es 如busbuses boxboxes brushbrushes watchwatches3)以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,如dictionarydictionaries babybabies citycities 4)以f(e)结尾的词,f(e)变为ves, 如leafleaves selfselves halfhalves lifelives wifewives thiefthieves knifeknives wolfwolves 5)以o结尾的词,有生命,加-es;无生命,加-s 如heroheroes tomatotomatoes potatopotatoes photophotos zoozoos radioradios6)不规则变化 如manmen womanwomen childchildren footfeet toothteeth sheepsheep deerdeer ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese【名词的量】数词+量词+of+名词，注意选用be动词时以题词为主1)*可数名词:注意后面的名词必须为复数,如:a basket of apples（谓语为单数） two baskets of eggs2)不可数名词:注意量词加s,如:two bottles of milk some cups of tea 【名词所有格】表示名词之间的所有关系1)s所有格:注意表示两人共有的:Tom and Jims 人数已为复数时只须加 如Teachers Day2)of所有格:无生命的所有格，the door of the room 3)*双重所有格:of+名词所有格 如:a friend of my fathers (父亲朋友之一,强调父亲还有很多其他朋友) a friend of my father（父亲本人的一个朋友,强调与父亲的友好关系） 【真题解析】( )26. -Do you like fruit?-Yes, I like the_best. （2005厦门）A. potatoB. chickenC. pearD. bread( )21. -Could you give me some _? -Why dont you join an English club and do more practice?(2006厦门)A. interest B. advice C. voice ( )21. He always has a _ with him. I think he must enjoy taking photos. （2007厦门）A. computerB. dictionaryC. camera( )21. -I plan to go out for a trip, but Im afraid I dont know the_. -A map is helpful, I think.(2008厦门)A. price B. way C. time( )21. -How is the _ there, Lingling? -Its a sunny day. （2009厦门）A. weatherB. vacationC. service( )21. -Well,a bowl of noodles with beef and tomato. Ok, then what_ would you like, sir? -A small bowl, please.（2010厦门）A. price B time C. size( )21. - I took a lot of _ when I visited the World Expo in Shanghai. - Wow, its great. Let me have a look next time.（2011厦门）A. money B. medicine C. pictures【预测试题】( )1. 1. The old man used to raise many _ to make a living on the farm.A. duck B.horse C. sheep ( )2.-What is the _of success? -First of all,you have to know for sure what you really want. A. secret B. difference C. experience( )3.Something is wrong with my _. I cant see anything around me.A. nose B. ears C. eyes( )4. I like_ a lot,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A. fish B. potatoes C. noddles( )5.Stop making so much _. The children are sleeping. A. voice B. noise C. Sound( )6. Read the _ carefully. They will help you know how to use the popper. A. instructions B.decisions C. results ( )7.-Could you please tell me something about the two_?-_. They arc exchange students of No. 1 Middle School.A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come on C. Germans; All right二、冠词考点：【不定冠词 a/an泛指】 (1)用于第一次出现的人或事物前,或泛指某人或某物等 This is an apple. A girl is waiting for you. (2)区别a与an: a用于以辅音音素(发音)开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素(发音)开头的单词前 a box a desk a lovely girl a nice day a good time an orange an important person an exciting game an unusual place an umbrella an hour an honest man a university a unit a useful book a European country There is aU and an S in use (3)a + 序数词 表示“又一，再一” Weve tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三次了，还要再试一次 (4)固定词组:a few;a little;a bit;have a swim/walk/look/rest/drink;have a cold;have a good time等 【定冠词the 特指】 (1)表示双方都知道的人或事物 如:Give me the book, please. (2)表示上文已提到过的人或物 如:Do you know the girl in red? (3)表示世上独一无二的事物 如:The earth moves around the sun. (4)用在序数词、adj.最高级前, 如:She is the most beautiful girl in the class. The first lesson is easy. (5)the用在姓氏复数前，表.一家人或.夫妇 如:The Greens will go to London on vacation. (6)固定词组: in the morning/afternoon/evening by the way all that time at the same time at the end/beginning of in the end at the age of at the moment at night【零冠词(不用冠词的情况)】 (1)人名、地名、国名前 如:China is a great country. 要注意【the USA】 (2)指示代词、物主代词、不定代词前 如:Every student lives in Xiamen. (3)三餐、节日、星期、季节等前 如:Childrens Day. have breakfast (have a quick breakfast) (4)by+交通工具之间 如:by bus;by car;by plane=by air(注意take a bus/ train) (5)play+球类和棋类 如:play football;play chess;play cards (注意二胡等中国乐器:play Erhu )【真题解析】( )27. - By the way, have you got_e-mail address? -Oh yes, its dbpower163. com.（2005厦门）A. a B. an C. the D. /( )22. James likes to play _ violin and _ chess when he is free. （2006厦门）A. the, / B. / , the C. the,the( )23. _ woman in a red dress is a very popular teacher in our school. （2007厦门）A. AB. TheC. /( )22. -Do you enjoy your school life? -Yes, of course. Ive had_wonderful time here.（2008厦门）A. a B. an C. the( )23. More and more foreign students come to China to learn _ Chinese. （2009厦门）A. aB. theC. /( )24. Thank you so much. I really like _scarf you gave me yesterday. It looks very nice.（2010厦门） A. a B. the C. /( )22. - Jacky is _ amazing singer. He has lots of fans. （2011厦门）A. an B. the C. /【预测试题】( )1.-What do you want to be in the future，Nick? -I want to be_ pilot. It is_ exciting job. A. a;a B. a;an C. the;an ( )2.-Why do you like Mary? -Because she is _honest girl. A. a B. an C. the ( )3.Theres _800-metre-long road behind the hospital. A. an B. a C. the ( )4.- Lily is coming by_plane tomorrow. -Lets go to the airport to meet her. A. aB. the C. /( )5. -How do you go to work? -I usually take _ bus. A. the B. / C. a ( )6.Li Na plays_tennis very well.She has become_first Asian woman to reach a Grand Slam(大满贯)final.A.a; the B. /; the C./; a( )7.After school we usually play_basketball for half an hour on_ playground. A. the; the B.不填; 不填 C.不填; the 三、代词考点： 关于代词的考查,主要在于人称代词和不定代词的考查;人称代词相对容易些,而不定代词则需要多加注意.【人称代词】 (1)主格: I you she he it we they 宾格: me you her him it us them*注意：人称代词的语序:you,he/she/it and I； we, you and they (2)it的考点: A.指代单数名词或不可数名词 B.时间、距离和天气等 C.婴儿和不明身份人员 D.问谁敲门: -Who is it? - Its me.注意：问电话那头是谁 -Whos that? -This is.(3)that的考点:在比较级句子中避免重复 The weather in Shanghai is much colder than that in Xiamen.【物主代词】(1)形容词性物主代词: my your his her its our their 名词性物主代词: mine yours his hers its ours theirs*形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词(2)名词性物主代词前面可加of作定语，相当于”of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩 He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友【反身代词】(1)反身代词:myself yourself(yourselves) himself herself itself themselves ourselves(2)常考词组:teach oneself自学 learn by oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃 【不定代词】不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词常见辨析 (1)all,many/much；some/any；a few/a little；few/little；no (2)both/neither/either；all/none；every/each；the other/another/others/the others/any other/any (3)something/somebody/someone；anything/anybody/anyone；nothing/nobody/no one【真题解析】( )28. - Wheres my dictionary?- Oh sorry. I have taken_by mistake. （2005厦门）A.yours B. his C. hersD. mine( )29. Jennys shoes were worn out. She wanted to buy a new_.(2005厦门)A. shoe B. shoes C. one D. pair( )23. The math exam was very difficult. I dont think _ could pass it. （2006厦门）A. someone B. everyone C. no one( )24.-Would you like _ cake?-No,thanks.Im full. （2006厦门）A. another B. other C. else( )22.-Whose notebook is it?-It belongs to Lily. Didnt you see _ name on it?（2007厦门）A. sheB. herC. hers( )24. -May I borrow your dictionary, Jim?-Oh, sorry. It isnt_.（2008厦门）A. his B. hers C. mine( )25. -Would you like some milk in your tea? -Yes, please. But just_.（2008厦门）A. little B. a little C. a few( )22. Ben likes robots best. He often says to me that _ is more interesting than robots.（2009厦门）A. somethingB. anythingC. nothing( )23. -Who helped you repair the MP4?-_. I repaired it all by myself.（2010厦门）A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody( )23. Emma, can you introduce _ to Alice? I would like to make friends with her. （2011厦门）A. him B. her C. me( )24. - Which of the two T-shirt will you take? - Ill take _, one for my brother, the other for myself. （2011厦门）A. both B. either C. neither【预测试题】( )1. -Alice, is this your dictionary? -Let me see. Oh, no. _ is in my school bag.A. Me B. My C. Mine( )2. - Shall we go into that shop and have a look?- Sorry. I wont. I have _ to do there.A. nothing B.anything C.something ( )3. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake._ are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C The other( )4. How dangerous! She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with _.A. the other B. another C. others ( )5.-Oh, the traffic is so heavy.-Lets change _ route to the airport.A. other B. others C. another ( )6. It was_ fine day that they went to the park.A a so B a such C such a ( )7.All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. it ( )8._ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.A No B None C Neither( )9.Come on, children! Help_ to some chicken.A. yourself B. yourselves; C. herself( )10. Is there in todays newspaper?A. new something B. anything new C. new anything( )11.-Where is my watch? I cant find it. -Dont worry. It must be _ in your room.A. somewhere B. anywhere C. everywhere ( )12 -When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK.Im free these days.A. Both B. All C. Either ( )13.- _ is her daughter?- The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.A. WhoB. WhichC. Where( )14. - I need something for cutting the paper. - Oh, you want a knife? OK, Ill get _ for you.A. it B. this C. one( )15. At that time the train was slow and noisy. So_people liked taking trains.A a few B a little C few ( )16.The pears in my basket are smaller than_in Jims.A. those B. that C. ones四、数词考点： 【基数词写法、读法】1至12逐个记忆，13至19均以-teen结尾；20至90十位数整数皆以后缀-ty结尾；21至99(整十除外)，在十位数与个位数之间加连字符号；101至999，在百位与十位之间加 and；一千以上的基数词，从后面向前数，阿拉伯数字每三位为一段，用逗号分开，所用的数字名称依次为thousand，million，billion，【序数词构成、用法】序数词前一般要用定冠词thefirst second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth【分数词构成】 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数 one third 1/3 four fifths 4/5【hundred，thousand，million等词复数形式的考查】-常考* hundred, thousand, million, dozen等词前如有表示具体数字的词时，它们不能加“s”，反之则必须加s，并且跟上of two hundred/thousand/million hundreds/thousands/millions of 数百/成千上万/数百万【时刻表示法的考查】钟点的表达形式一般有两种顺读法：先说“点钟”，再说“分钟”；逆读法：30分钟以内用“分钟数past钟点数”；30分钟以外要用“分钟数to下一个钟点”；注意：半小时要用half，15分钟用a quarter two to two 1:58eighteen past five 5:18half past eight 8:30a quarter past ten 10:15【数词与名词表编号的考查】 在通常情况下，表示年级、班、行、课等的编号时用基数词。其习惯表达为年级、班、行、课等的词在前，基数词在后，且词首的字母要大写。即“名词基数词”也可用“the序数词名词”表示 Page Five= the fifth page 第五页Class One, Grade Two 三年级一班（先说班后说年级，从小到大）【真题解析】( )30. John is the_one I want to work with. He is such a lazy boy. （2005厦门）A. first B. last C. onlyD. best( )23. The_letter in the word develop is v.（2008厦门）A. second B. third C. fifth( )24. In the picture, the _ one from the left is Huanhuan. （2009厦门）A. firstB. thirdC. fifth【预测试题】( )1.Monday is the_ day of a week.A. first B.second C.third( )2. Harbin is a beautiful city. _ people come here to visit the Sun Island every year. A.Thousands B.Thousand of C.Thousands of( )3.Our school is not very big. There are only _ students.A. nine hundreds of B.nine hundred C.nine hundreds ( )4.An _ boy can sing the English song very well.A. eight-year-old B.eight years old C.eight-year old ( )5.My lovely daughter is _.A. ten years old B.ten-year-old C.ten year old ( )6. _ of the work has been done. A.Two third B.Two three C.Two thirds ( )7.Next week were going to learn _. A. unit 5 B. the unit 5 C.Unit 5 ( )8. I want to try it again. Please give me _ third chance again. A.a B.an C.the 五、形容词、副词考点： 【词义辨析】(1)形容词和副词的基本词义辨析，要求熟记单词并理解题意 (2)-ing形容词& -ed形容词:-ing表示人或物本身所具有的特点,而-ed表示人对.的感觉I am interested in the interesting book. 注意：be interested in (doing) sth / take an interest in (doing) sth （人）对.感兴趣(3)形容词和副词的区别:一般是形容词加ly：quick adj. quickly adv.； quiet adj. quietly adj. 注意：friendly adj. (be friendly to) lonely adj. 孤独的 & alone adv.独自 hard adj.困难的、坚硬的 adv.刻苦地（work / study hard） hardly (ever) adv. 几乎不(含否定意味)【用法】 (1)形容词用来修饰名词,而副词用来修饰动词或形容词 She is a good girl, and she do well in studying. (2)系动词+ adj.,系动词包括 be / become / look / sound / taste / feel / smell /get / turn / keep / stay等The silk feels soft.It sounds great.I prefer to look smart. 【疑问副词的区别】how often多久一次，常用never/ hardly/ sometimes/ often/ usually/ always及twice a week等回答how long 多长时间，常用 (for )+时间段/since+时间点/about+时间段回答 -How long have you lived in China? -For two years/Since two years ago. -How long does it take from Xiamen to Shanghai by train? -About 8 hours.how soon 多快，常用in + 时间段回答 -How soon will you come back? -In three months.how far多远，问距离(how many metres/kilometres) -How far is it from here to your school? -About ten minutes walk./Three miles.【易混点解析】(1)too much+不可数名词；too many+可数名词；都意为太多 & much too + 形容词/副词非常,极其,太 Please dont eat too much ice cream/too many snacks. The shoes are much too expensive.(2)a few+可数n复数(肯定);a little +不可数n(肯定);few+可数n复数(否定);little +不可数n(否定) There are few people in the shopping mall, because its Friday. He spent a few months finishing reading the novel. There is little milk left in the firdge, please go and buy some. I can speak a little French. (3)enough足够 形容词/副词+enough to. enough +名词表示足够.能. easy /comfortable / fast enough enough time / milk My younger sister is clever enough to dance to the music.(4)too. to.太.而不能.(否定) so.that.如此.以至于. 与 enough 的转换 Im too short to catch the clock.Im not tall enough to catch the clock. Im so short that I cant catch the clock. 【形容词副词同级比较、比较级、最高级】(1) 构成-规则变化构 成 方 法原 级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和少数多音节词一般在词尾加-er或-estcoldcoldercoldestfastfasterfastest以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest以一个元音加一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节词(辅音+元音+辅音)先双写辅音字母,再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestfunnyfunnierfunniesthealthyhealthierhealthiestfriendlyfriendlierfriendliest多音节部分双音节在词前加more或mosttired/famousmore tired/famousmost tired/famousimportantmore importantmost important 构成-不规则变化 good / well- better -best bad / badly- worse- worst many / much- more- most little- less- least (2)用法 1)同级比较:肯定形式 A be as/so+adj.原级+as+B English is as interesting as Chinese. 否定形式 A be not +so/as+adj.原级+as+B English is not so interesting as Chinese. 2)两者之间的比较用比较级， 三者或三者以上的比较用最高级 A.Who / Which + be +比较级,A or B ? 表示两个中,哪个更. Which city is hotter,Xiamen or Shanghai? B.Who / Which + be +最高级级, A ,B or C ? 表示三个中,哪个更. Which city is the hottest,Xiamen,Shanghai or Wuhan? C. + be + the 比较级 + of /in 表示两/三个之中比较.的那一个Tom is the taller of the two. Tom is the tallest of the three/in his class. 3)The+比较级., the+比较级.表示越.就越. The more you eat, the heavier you will be 4)比较级 + and + 比较级/more and more +原级,