定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT).ppt

,定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,Ilikequietmusic.,Ilikemusicthatisquiet.,定语从句,1.什么是定语从句？2.什么是先行词？3.什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？4.如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？,Thinkaboutit,agirlwholikesred.,Iknow,Learntodiscover,定语从句,在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。,两个句子,两个词,主句,从句,？,1.Iknowagirl,2.,wholikesred.,Jimreadsbooks,whicharefun.,主句,从句,完整的句子是主句,不完整的句子是从句,3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons,thattheyaretalkingabout?,两个词,先行词,关系代词,被定语从句修饰的词,who,which,that,在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,定语从句,先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面。而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。,关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词（when,where,why)。关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，关系副词在句中作状语。,Maryisabeautifulgirl.,Maryisagirlwhoisbeautiful.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句,Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.,先行词,关系代词,定语从句,Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.,Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.,找一找,IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether.,Learntothink,关系代词,先行词,决定,先行词,关系代词,人,物,人和物,who,which,that,that,that,Maryisagirl.,Maryhaslonghair.,合并为一个句子,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,Ihaveanapple.,Anappleisred.,Ihaveanapple,thatisred.,修饰先行词anapple,Ihavesomefriends.,Somefriendslikesports.,Ihavesomefriends,wholikesports.,修饰先行词friends,Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.,Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.,that修饰先行词movie,Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Thewomanlivesnextdoor.,who修饰先行词woman,Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._,Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.,Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.,Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.,Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?,1.关系代词that,which引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语),Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.,Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.,Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.,Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.,Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.ThehouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.,which/that作主语.(不能省),（作主语）,which/that作宾语：（可省略）,Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.,Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.,Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeeptheletters.Shewrotetheletterstome.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.,(),（作宾语）,(),2.关系代词who,that,whom引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who,that(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语),who/that作主语.(不能省),Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.,ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语),TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy.,/that,Practise:,who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略),Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.,Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）,Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.,Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.,Practise:,定语从句的用法:,当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.,who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who作定语从句的主语或宾语.,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Themanisaworker.,Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,分解,作主语,Whom作定语从句的宾语,Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Theywantedtovisitthewoman.,分解,作宾语,whose作定语从句的定语.,Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.,分解,Iknowthegirl.,Thegirlsmotherisateacher.,作定语,that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.,Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.,小结：1).that既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。2).which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,3).who指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。,有时只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：,当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。1).ThatsallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.,2).ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。1).ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.,2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.,5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.,Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?,4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.,关系代词只用which不用that情况,1.关系代词前有介词。,2.先行词本身是that.,whose作定语,表示所属关系。,Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.,Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.,【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。定人要用who或whom，定物which当先用。关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。when用来定时间，where用来定地点。关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。,Exercise1:用关系代词填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.,4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.,that,that,当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.,6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.,当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.,that,that,先行词,1.Iknowagirlwho_(like)red.,先行词,2.Jimreadsbookswhich_(be)fun.,先行词,3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey_(be)talkingabout?,先行词,决定,关系代词,从句中的谓语动词形式,likes,are,are,定语从句中的主谓一致,Themp4that_beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who_yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be),关系代词做从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词使用单数形式。,has,am,Learntopractice,1.Tomisoneoftheboysthat_(be)fromtheUSA.,2.Tomistheonlyboythat_(be)fromtheUSA.,are,is,【注意】,Heisoneofthestudentswho_madegreatprogress.MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho_beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have),oneof+复数名词作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数形式。但若one前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修饰时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式,have,has,Exercise,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,which/that,whose,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,Exercise,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,10.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.11.Theteacherfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.12.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.13.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.14.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.15.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.16.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyo