（信号与信息处理专业论文）gps卫星导航信号仿真与分析.pdf

? 2009 ? i ? ?gps? ? gps ? !#$%?abcd?efg?hib?jbklmnopqrs? ?*tu?$vwxymz?f?_9 ibcd?efg?hij ?x?klmn6opqr?stop? uvwx op?=yi bz|stl?wo?ostl?y? |st?1?st?wo?stl?:?lm ?n?kostl?9?k?|st?w ? “ ?i?fi fl ?m?5?l?9 ?o?n?slm?o?1 u”x ? ?w ?lm?n?o?|?-h o?9 lm?ko u”x ? ?w ? w? ?-o lm?q?o?; aeb?7%)cdefg%h/ijklm%)no7 1pq?#$?# ? %)?rstu?vw%?x ?/yza|?g? ?a ?%?x ?/d?m?-.?g? ?mkn?vwa? ? mop ?rkvw?m%?x ?/d?m? ?7x“v/ ?gv/?fi fl a?7 % ?“?v g*?%?rh7 hv 7*?” 1pq?q? ? ? 2009 ? 1 ? ? 1.1? s?u?m?d?9h?!? ?p?s?1?6?9?/q.? s?h?mz?s?1?b?s? ?1?n?s?op?h?9 ?.? b?*!?#$?oa%?s?k-.? bb /0?1?234?5?6?6b/s?77?8 ?9k?/? ?4a?bc b4?5da?ef?gh?qi? 1 9 ?jk?aklmmknaolpqrs?t?u?v$hiwja ?xy,z?fl ?5_?f)*?fl e9?a?bc ?$?de$.?!?ffl wg *?h?i?_j kl mqno9 ?4a?+?,z?fl )*ap?f?+?q?ra?45?q _ls?4aw? ?q?r4aw? ?kq”l?kq4aw? ?nl?|? ?q_t3?|?u?nq?vwu?xq4aw? l,y?$zfl f? ?nl9 ?1?q?fl ,?x|?q_xff?z?m n?;|?u?$?9?!?x|?q?|? ?u?;?q_?z?=y!?|?r? ?(?9 ?fl e?,?r?stop?n6?ls? a?lm?5?lm?=yv$? ?fl e?dw9 ? 2009 ? 2 ?l?,;?f?ix9?!?f fl ?fg*?=y?#fl )*f? ?ls?#?h?#d9? ?fl ?5_?“? f)*?4a?ls?d?t?q?ra?q_ ?w?=y?z?fl ,_af?-.?nfl ?“? ?;?$zfl i?fi fl af?#fp?(g?9 ? ?s?a ?1q?t mq?”?e(? e?sm?w?(!?9 1b?xr?b?)z?h%?s?jb? pqxm?s?klun?*?wx.s?- ?y?jb)z?c%?q)?us?ls?|? ?op?b?hs?x?z?jb? ?6?wxymzfx?9 gps 1? p ?n? y ?xt?a? 242=? ki?(?9?$s?s?r?z|? 6?fs?4a? p ? c/a ?y? h c/a ?s? s?9=y?i p ?fi c/a ?mn?y9c/a ? q_?t?y? p ?t?9;? y)*f45?q_?t?k45?ls9?i? ?1gq?(?=s?9h ?x?|?1?a|?y? hv$s?fl 9? !/?/?i?j| gps ?fd?f? c/a ?”?i? | p ?w?y? gps ?fl ?g?$? ?9fi c/a ?1?(how)? p ?=?v$? !? ?.9:? gps p ?fv$? p ? ?*ffl ?d p ?lm? =y? gps ?lm?f?f o 29 ? 2009 ? 3 1.2 ? b?p?s?ho;a?k?ox?n?=h b? ? pangjing?-o gps lm? fpga -?q-o? fpga ? c/a ?;z?b?jfast direct gps p-code acquisition 3?fast direct gps signal acquisition using fpga 4?direct global positioning system p-code acquisition field programmable gate array prototyping 5 1z?ofi ,?i? shibasaki ? -o gps ?k?op?|?xb ?1z?x?h software-based gps receiver a research and simulation tool for global navigation satellite system 6,b?|;a?s?| gps lm? ?1tlm?o gps lm?$?x0? gps lm? =hb?j s? p ?op? 7? gps 1tlm?-8? fft ? gps lm c_a ? 9 ? gpsm ?_c_a ? p ?fl =s? 10d?xf?b?jgps ?1? p ?11 ?zb ? ?(!? is-gps-200d ?navistar global positioning system interface specification? 121?t39 ? ? ?!#$ ?y#+?$?%?st?1:? ? 2009 ? 4 ? q ? k“ ?q)?k?st?|st?st?1? )?ox?dx$?9 4? ? ?lm?z9:o ?-.?| lm ?wo?o u”x ? ?w ?9 4?de?d?w?lm?4 ?i?|? ? 1t?:?f?ws?na?s? w?o?5?zb9 4c ?bg?hd?e?ib:c?g?d?ff)? ?9 ? 2009 ? 5 ? ? %?cn6?mna=n6*?mn af?qf?oo?-?a?fl ?fl pq?zrjz? fi st?uv?u?j uv? 13dj?wx?i?l?l?j 2 log (1) s cb n =+?2-1? 1blm?slm?ia?n?a?9 yx?a?g?a 0 n ?a? bnn 0 = ?zl?cz? )1 (log 0 2 bn s bc+=?2-2? ?z?d?b? 0 n ?s5?l?c?5?o9?uv4?yl ?lsr?rm?d?l?c? l?lsefl xfl?-b+ ,ycr?z(zfl -b+,9l?ls?zfl ?lsr?fi l ?f?l?:td?9 ?uv?z?dj 1_f?ls+,r?zf?l?9?l?z?fi ?+,lm?b?l?=s/n?-9?2-1?z?bcn=?c s/nn|?=y?b=?s/n$?9 2_l?c?q?bl?=s/nz?a?8z?fi ?b?bc ?|l?=s/n?f,?z?fi ?lma?bclm?;?b ?jz 22 000 limlimlog (1)log*1.44* bb sss cb n bnn =+=l?2-3? ? 2009 ? 6 ?yzl?lma? ?a?g?ax?q?l? u $.?,?+, r? c (m?i? t?a b ?l?= s/n z?a?9 8zfi ?t?a? ?sc?l?= s/n i+,ls9 shtga?l?=f?bc?stl?f?ystl?) ?n?o?9 stlop?zop?;?fi jxfw?ls+,?+,fi g1l m:q?t?a?:+ls?f?mt?,t?shfi x“ ?r?r?n6?-?(?f+,? ls?sz?w?y?fi s?tm:+ls?9jz? fi ?ia?fi ;?uj ?1?v+vlm?tg?h?,?wls?+vfi g1?ls?fq?x ?t?wils?9=h?p?x?lst? 500hz 3000hz i_? yzlm?+,?|9bc ?o?bc t?r?t?+,lm9?bc l1ltlm? :+ls?=?9h?n?lm?+i?xls?xls? ? y%?ltlm?fytlm?x?;?l,x ?ntlm?n6lm?ls?i=?f$?shtg lopr?lm?ls?i=z?9 ?2?r?st?n6?h?lmtg,lm?u?q_? ?$.?lm?tgb.?9h?lm?tgz?9lm?t?a ?*q_?n?=91?s ? 1mhz9=y?h? |f+,?lswn6? zz?t?lm9 iayf9:?st? stlmn6?r?;fop9st?r?t?v$? ?r?,?f?st?shlmtg?(?f+,? ?ls9 ?3?s?fi n?fi s,x?l?knlm?sf w?fi n?tm+,?ls9?stl1?s?is?st? ?stlmw?fi n? w?tm+,?lmls9 ?+,fi g1?x? tm?lm?lm?x?fr?lmop?bc+,?9 ? 2009 ? 7 2.2 ? ? ? stl?z?z 2-1 :?op? ? 2-1 ? figure 2-1 the principle of spreading spectrum communication j?l?ls 123 , m x x xxl?1 , 1,2 , 1|= ii xmix(?l? ?lm?)?st? 123 , n d dddl?|1,2, 1,1 jj djn d= l?s t?lm? ?kst?t d t ?l?=?*q_ s t ? ?q?bitq_6?/ sd ntt=?q_9stn6?yls?x?q_? ?)?st?r?;?n6?lmy=cx?2-4:?j 111211 212222 12 12 , , , n n n mmmmn x d x dx dx x d x dx dx yd dd xx d x dx d = l l l mm l (2-4) ;qst?z?/ sd ntt=9 fi nfi gzstn6fi g?ma?8?st?jknlmy?r?h2-5: ?j y? 1 2 n d d d m = 11121 21222 12 , , , n n mmmn x d x dx d x d x dx d x d x dx d l l m l ? 1 2 n d d d m = )0( )0( )0( 2 1 rx rx rx m = m nx nx nx 2 1 (2-5) ;? = = n j jj njccr 1 )2 , 1(*)0(=n ?a|stl?op?z?|lmwfi nqo35?ils ? ? ? ? ? 2009 ? 8 5?sist?is?st?st?fi 9 ? ? |?$?st?l1+,?lmz?a?lm?l1? ?q(? ?o?j?$?h?_ ? ? y ? k ? 1? l ? 1 , 1,2 , 1|= ii xmix? s t ? 1 , 1,2 , 1|= jj dnjd,? 2 ?l?1 , 1,2 , 1|= ii umiu?st? 1 , 1,2 , 1|= jj cnjc,? 3 ?l?|1,2,1,1 ii gim g= l?st? |1,2,1,1 ii fin f= l?z?l1+,?lmh2-6:j 111 222 121 212 * nnn mmm xug xug yd ddcccf ff xug =+ lll mmm 111 11 1121 212111 212 121222222222 111222 , , , nnn nnn mmmmmmmnmnmn x du cg f x du cg fx du cg f x du cg f x du cg fx du cg f x du cgf x du cgfx du cgf + + = + l l m l (2-6) ?lmlfi ?1 ?s?q?sfi s?lm *y 1 2 n d d d m = 111 222 ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) xuxg xuxg mmxumxg x ru rg r x ru rg r x ru rg r + + + m = 111 221 ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) xuxg xuxg mmxumxg nxu rg r nxu rg r nxu rg r + + + m (2-7) ;? 11 ( ),( ) nn xujjxgjj jj rd c rd f = = ?1?2? ?1?3i_s t?st?_?y0q?jkl?_m?y z0= ? z? fi s?$?lm?bit i nx? ?$?lm?(0)(0) ixuixg u rg r+9 ?stl?(?(?gg)?1(?m? ?(0)0,(0)0 xuxg rr= ?zlm?b?jfi q? fl lm?8 ? 2009 ? 9 (0)(0)01 1,2, (0)(0)01 iixuixg i iixuixg nxu rg r xin nxu rg r + = + l ? ? (2-8) ?zdm?9 ? st?y?stl?fl e?arad ?ffl ?=y:?st?)fl fc? ?lmfi s?v$s?l?=9st?)?x?q?op? v$s?yra9-?w?(pn)?9;p? ?f?v$?lm?fl 9=?v$m?z?u v$?fl 9?lm?(fl ?mj-?9jf fl ?xft?lm?fl ?w? pn ?9 ? ? ?gg?0?1?b?14v$hi?j (1)?xt?“0”?“1”d-?|?d9 (2)?xt? ?a n =?gd-?|?=?a n+1 =?g|?x?9 ?g)“0”$)“1”? 9 (3)?%?h?2-9? j 1.0 ( ) . 11 r k p p = ? ? ? ?2-9? 1?p ?t?“w?,k m? p ?,?0q9 ? ? m ?xf?c?ow?m ? ?fi ?0fl ?fi ?9 ? m ? ?(?m ?t p ?(fl ?fi ? n q?bc21 n p = ?1?4xfi n fi i_$?)?8? 0 1 n cc= = q?fl ? m ?9 ? 2009 ? 10 z 2-2 :?op?fi m ? z1 1 d ? 2 d ? 3 d ?fi ? 2 ?9? 2-1 afi ?,d9 ? ? ? ? figure 2-2 generator of three stage sequence ? 2-1 ? ! table 2-1 the output state of shift register d1d2d3 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 ?g?q?zf?afi ?q?6i? ?|y?“1”“0”?fi o?x? 2 ?)?i?9? q?6i?afi ?|,d?hz 2-2 :?;q 3 217p = =?,d 11100109?q?6i?,d?t?m9= 7 ?z?:fl ?,d? 11100010 m ?9 ? ? m ?fl w”?a? m ?(?h?i_?( 9r.gold fdoxf? m ?w gold ?9;f?$sw”?% ?op?=?o%x| m ?w|9?m?x?n9 h?h? m ?w|? 2 ? z?x? 8 gold ? ?m1x m ?*?q?zx? gold ?9 gold ?v$?j 1 ( ) p 1 p 1 ( )2 p t n t n 1? 0.5(1) 0.5(2) 12 ( ) 12 n n t n + + + = + ?2-11? n ?q?gold ?1?$ 50?x? 1 p ,n? “(4?q?$75?x? 1 p 9 ? ? stl?shtgn6(?st?dsss?m t?g?mq_g?cntop?fg?$op?,? ?stop?v$?(?dw?/;fop?%?a ?m?pal ?pl qk“p“a?k?a ?m? nkmlp z 2-5 ?dolfi bpsk n6?x?z,z 2-4 z ?ibk?st?5?fl ? snr -21db ?i? !#$#% 2009 fi g?f? ?ix?9 !#$#% 2009 n0?k?a? ? 60?_j?i?,?|?a?a? 55?f? 26600km, ?s?7? 30?i?a 20200km?o|? i?xy?$?#?s?#?z?.?d-?s?g?9gps s ?t?s? 11 mq 58 ?9;?ss?q5?osxq? ?1?q?c?s?q_?(?(?zl 4 ?zl 11 ?=y?o?g5i?5_x? q?iz?q? 4 ? gps s? 35?fozfl 9 gps ?r? cdma ?code division multiple access?opy? 24 ?s?s? ?n6?t?n6a%?x?ls?s !#$#% 2009 67ys?5? ?q?w?|?ys?9ef?e?l ? s ? ?agcn?*?q67 6 s?2 e? 4 agc? ua9e? b!/?!/?#$? falcon 5?9?no6 !#$#% 2009 ?! /?)#$?*+,?-./?0/?.1+0fl :d?x?6n? b?+i?fi ? ha?s? b?+a?s?s?f?sg?4a9e? ?a?g?s? b?5? s?y? b?i?d9 ?q? e?fl ?| gps s?w?m?:? fl wsna?-? gps ?fp? ?i?gc?lm?,?/,d?i/o?p9gps ?z fi gc? gps s?l?lm?lc?*q?(?j? ?lm?q?o? ?j?xfi ?fi mt?imt?1tlm?|1tlm w a/d ?a?lm?i?w?lm?9?x ? 112 ?n?fl ?s?lm9? ?0fl a?a?n9?0fl a?yi?s? ?|b?-|slm?fi n?;?,?a?z? i?slm?y?fi ndss?f?t?)? !#$#% 2009 ?(c? fdof? gps _?wup9 gps -.?yef%1?f? gps ?xq4a?z?m?fl e?f?lm?fl e92000 ? 5 q 1 ? br?o gps t3?_1?z?st?4a?f?9 ?a?gps -.?zfl yfi h?lmtg?j?f?lma? ?s?d? ?5? ?u?fl ?(_g? gps 4?_l m9?r? sa ?yr? gps ?v?v? gps _9 gps lm?-.?wv$?=y?-$ gps ?yz?#*? f? gps ?lmafl ? wx?#9 bk ?,? l5?1176.45mhz)?t?f?4a?2?9?l 12 ? w? gps blockgr ?s?afl j? l2 ? ca ?,? l1 ? l2 ? p ?y?,?;?t?h? m ?,? blockgr s?la? ?zb9?l 6 ? gps blockgf s? afl j? blockgr ?s?afl ? wxy? m ?a?l4?t?8 l5