杨浦秋季补习班 新王牌小班 初二英语单元练习3.doc

八年级暑假班讲义Unit 2 Work and play(一)一、词汇Words1. similar adj. 相像的；类似的 e.g. They had the similar aims. 他们有着相似的目标。 Most of us have similar views. 我们大多数人有相似的观点。 He is very similar to other teenagers. 他与其他青少年非常相似。 短语拓展 be similar to 与.相类似的；in a similar way 按同样的方式。2. expect v. 预料；预期 e.g. I expect to see my uncle. 我期望见到我的叔叔。 They are in trouble, but I expect that they will muddle through. 他们正陷入困境，我希望他们设法应付过去。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。 词汇辨析 理解expect与hope在用法上的区别。 hope可接不定式或 that 引导的从句，但不可接不定式的复合结构。 e.g. We hope to see the president who will come to China. (T) I hope that you will tell us the truth. (T) We hope you to meet us at the station. (F) expect 可接名词、不定式、不定式的复合结构。 e.g. I expect you to give me a hand. (T) 3. business n. 生意；公司 e.g. Sony, Ford and Coca-Cola are three big businesses. 索尼，福特和可口可乐是三家大公司。 Business is very important to Hongkong. 贸易对香港而言十分重要。 business用于指某一公司时，是可数名词，但表示贸易生意时，为不可数名词。 4. successful adj. 达到目的；有成效的；成功的 e.g. I think he is a sucessful businessman. 我认为他是一个成功的商人。 All singers kept together. As a result, their performance was successful. 所有的歌手都协调一致，结果他们的演出很成功。 This is one of the most successful articles that we have ever published. 这是我们发表过的最成功的文章之一。 词性拓展 解题时注意关于成功的词性转换。 succeed v. 成功 success n.成功 e.g. Persevere and you will succeed in your business! 只要你坚持不懈，你就会在生意上取得成功。 Our success depends on ourselves. 我们的成功依靠我们自己。4. luckily adv. 幸运地;幸好 e.g. Luckily, I was at home when he called. 他打电话给我时我幸好在家。 Luckily, the problem is not so difficult. 幸运的是，问题没有那么难。 Luckily, there is a sofa in the workroom. 幸运的是，工作室里有一张沙发。 词性拓展 解题时注意关于幸运的词性转换。 luck n. 幸运;运气 lucky adj.幸运的 unlucky adj.不幸的 unluckily adv. 不幸地 e.g. We were very lucky with the weather on holiday. 我们真幸运,假期有这样的好天气。 We wish you good luck. 祝你好运。 I feel something unlucky will happen. 我感觉有什么不祥的事情会发生。 Unluckily, she was badly hurt in the contest. 不幸的是,她在比赛中受了伤。5. responsible adj. 有责任；负责；承担义务 be responsible for 对.负责 irresponsible adj. 不负责任的；不可靠的 e.g. Each student should be responsible for their own work. 每个学生应对自己的课业负责。 The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety. 巴士司机要对乘客的安全负责。 I am deeply sorry for my irresponsible behavior. 我对我不负责任的行为表示深深的歉意。 6. sale n. 销售；出售 e.g. He got four pounds from the sale of his drawing. 他卖画得了四英镑。 The pillow is not for sale now. 这个枕头现在还没有对外出售。 These books will go on sale this year. 这些书今年将廉价销售。 常用sales表示市场销售。 词性拓展 sell v. 卖；出售 seller n. 卖方 e.g. Goods of that quality will never sell. 这样质量的商品绝对卖不出去。 The seller said that I looked like twenty in this dress. 售货员说我穿这条裙子看起来像二十岁。 短语拓展 for sale 待售；出售 on sale 廉价出售 after sale service 售后服务 hot sale 热销产品 sell well 畅销 sell out卖完；卖光 sell at.以.价格出售 best seller 畅销书作者 7. boring adj. 没趣的；令人厌倦的 e.g. The film was so boring that I fell asleep in the middle of it. 这部电影很无聊，我看到一半就睡着了。 This party is boring. Lets go home. 这种宴会很无聊,我们回家吧。 I found my job really boring. 我发现我的工作很枯燥。 解题时注意-ing形容词和-ed形容词的意义用法区别。 词性拓展 bore v. 使厌倦；使烦扰 bored adj. 感到厌倦 e.g. The long speech bored us. 这长篇讲话使我们厌烦了。 Children at school feel a bit bored for learning. 孩子们在学校里对学习感到有点厌倦。 8. achieve v.（凭长期努力）达到（某目标） e.g. He hopes to achieve all her aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。 We must achieve modernization of science and technology. 我们必须实现科学技术现代化。 You can achieve these goals for yourself. 你自己完全可以达到这些目标。 词性拓展 achievement n. 成就；完成；达到 e.g. This is an achievement we can be proud of. 这是一项我们值得自豪的成就。 9. fail v.（考试）不及格；失败 e.g. If you fail, you have to try again. 如果你失败了，你得再尝试一次。 He failed his French examination. 他法语考试不及格。 I failed to see the problem. 我没能看到问题的所在。 词性拓展 failure n. 失败 e.g. I regretted over my failure. 我为我的失败而感到遗憾。 Success came after many failures. 经过多次失败后，成功终于来临。 10. return v. 返回；归还 e.g. The spacecraft returned to the Earth on time. 航天飞机按时返回地球。 He will return in a week or so. 他一个星期左右回来。 We returned the empty bottles to the store. 我们把空瓶子退给了商店。 Please return the dictionary to me soon. 请把字典还给我。 短语拓展 in return 作为报答 return for作为对的报答 return home回家；归乡 return from从回来 return to work重返工作岗位 many happy returns(敬祝)长命百岁;万寿无疆(纪念日、生日的贺辞) 亦作I wish you many happy returns of the day. return ticket（英）往返票；回程票 return trip回程，返回行程 11. attend v. 出席；参加（会议，课程，音乐会，报告会） e.g. He mistook the time and didnt attend the meeting. 他搞错时间了,没有参加那个会议。 More than 200 people attended Mary and Johns wedding. 两百多人参加了玛丽和约翰的婚礼。 Im afraid I will be unable to attend tonights meeting. 我今晚恐怕不能来开会了。 词汇辨析 join v. 加入（组织，群体） take part in 参加（具体活动） enter for 报名参加（比赛） e.g. Tell me why you would like to join our company. 告诉我你为什么想加入我们公司。 Children should take an active part in the outdoor activities. 孩子们应积极参加室外活动。 Have you entered for the sports meeting this Sunday? 本周日的运动会拟报名参加了吗？ 短语拓展 attend a meeting 参加会议 attend school上学；去上学 attend class上课 attend on照料；侍候 attend a lecture听关于的讲座；上课 attend university上大学 attend by伴着 12. assist v. 帮助 assist sb. with sth /in sth /in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 assistant n. 助手；助理 e.g. Please assist her in moving the furniture. 请帮助她搬家具。 Can you assist me with my English lessons? 你能帮助我学习英文课程吗？ The young man assisted the police in the survey. 这年轻人协助警方做了调查。 13. continue v. 持续；继续做 e.g. It has stopped raining. Lets continue our match. 雨已经停了，让我们继续比赛吧。 This week we continue the story of President Andrew Johnson. 本周我们将继续总统安德鲁约翰逊的故事。 All the children have been allowed to continue their trip. 所有的孩子已经被允许继续他们的旅程。 短语辨析 continue to do sth. 继续做某事 continue doing sth. (中断后）再继续 e.g She continued to work after she had her baby. 她生了孩子后继续工作。 He picked up his book and continued reading. 他拿起书继续看下去。 14. seldom adv. 不常；很少；难得 e.g. Karen seldom saw his so angry. 卡伦很少见过他这么生气。 She seldom showed her feelings. 她很少表露她的情感。 I seldom have lunch at home. 我很少在家吃饭。 反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词时，问句部 分用肯定式。 e.g. She never tells a lie, does she? He was seldom late, was he? 二、重要句型Important Sentences structures1. Wendy Wang, 15, must be one of the top students in Shanghai. 情态动词must除了表示义务或责任,还常常用来表示说话者十分肯定地推测。如果说话者确定某 事不可能发生，则用cannot。 e.g. The two girls must be twins, for they look just the same. 这两个女孩子一定是双胞胎,因为他们看起来一模一样。 She looks so young. She cant be 40 years old. 她看起来如此年轻，不可能只有40岁。 I think he must be a policeman, for he keeps fishing for information. 我认为他一定是警察，因为他一直拐弯抹角地打听消息。 2. Every morning we discuss the business over breakfast. over breakfast意为“吃早餐期间”。本例中over为介词，等同于during。 over还有下列用法： (1)表示在.上方，反义词under e.g. A lamp hung over the table. The sign over the door saidMind your head. (2)表示越过,从（某物）的一边到另一边 e.g. The sheep jumped over the fence. (3)表示超出（某一数目或程度），比.多 e.g. The Japanese produce over 100 million tons of steel each year. (4)到处；各处；遍及 e.g. I want to make friends all over the world. There are bottles all over the classroom. Scientists from all over the world gather together. 3. I sometimes make phone calls to our clients on the way. (1) make phone calls to sb. 可简单说成call sb, telephone sb.或phone sb. e.g. As a secretary, I make lots of phone calls every day. 作为一个秘书，我每天要打很多电话。 (2) on the way to sp.在去.的路上 on the way to school 在表示“在回家路上时”则不能加to, on the way home; 同理，on the way here/there. I .Choose the best answer. （每题1分，共15分）( )1. Judy is a top student in our class. She _ achieves B grades. A. usually B. always C. sometimes D. never( )2. My father is responsible _ the companys sales. A. to B. for C. at D. in( )3. Every day my dad _ me from school at the school gate. A. sees B. collects C. meets D. visits( )4. I worked late last night, so I went home _ a taxi. A. by B. in C. on D. for( )5. My teaching style is _ that of most other teachers. A. familiar with B. familiar to C. similar to D. similar with( )6. Its time to go to school. _ your school uniform and dont be late. A. Wear B. Put on C. Dress D. Dress up( )7. Mum got very angry with me because I got _ D in the Maths test. A. a B. an C. the D. any( )8. I dont like the short play at all. Its too _. A. exciting B. excited C. bored D. boring( )9. You _ be very tired after a days hard work. A. cant B. must C. should D. need( )10. The mechanic _ the garage very late. He had to _ the tools borrowed from his friends last Tuesday. A. returned, return to B. returned, return C. returned to, return to D. returned to, return( )11. Is Wendys mother responsible for _? A. sale B. sells C. sales D. sold( )12. We _ go swimming in winter because the water is cold. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. often( )13. Nanpu Bridge is one of _ in Shanghai. A. the long bridge B. the longest bridge C. the longest bridges D. longest bridges.( )14. Sony, Panasonic and Toshiba are three big _ in the world. Their _ started growing in 1960s. A. business, business B. businesses, businesses C. business,businesses D. businesses, business( )15. Wendy so