最新版广州8年级上册unit2Numbers.doc

初二上英语Unit 2 Numbers（广州最新版教材）课文知识点详解知识目标必记单词number n，数字instruction n，指示，命令check v 检查chess n，国际象棋challenge v, 挑战promise v, 许诺double v, 加倍restn，剩余instead adv，代替copy v, 抄写常考短语a long time ago很早以前challenge to向某人挑战take to 带去Not any more不再in a year一年后take place发生copy down 抄写，at first起初in this way用这种方式so that 为的是，经典句型1, Whats 6 minus 6? 6减6是多少？2，From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后，他不再懒惰。3，Hello, this is Joyce speaking. 你好，我是乔伊斯。重点语法基数词 与 序数词学法点拨要点全解图解助记： rest 的含义歌诀助记： enough 在句中的位置语法专项歌诀助记： 基数词的读法阅读技巧根据同义词或反义词猜测词义法解答阅读理解题技能目标能阅读有关数字的文章，能表达加减乘除运算，能听懂关于数字的测验，能写一篇带有数字的报告情感态度了解数字方面的知识，增加学习数学的兴趣Getting ready1, read a story about numbers. 读一个关于数字的故事。(P17)Number 此处用作可数名词，意为 数字， number 还可以表示“号码”Eg: We often use Arabic numbers in our daily life.在我们的日常生活中我们经常使用阿拉伯数字。Whats your telephone number?你的电话号码是多少？【拓展】 number还可以用作及物动词，意为“标序号，给编号”Please number the pictures. 请给这些图片编上序号。2， Check some Maths problems. 检查一些数学题。(1) check 及物动词，意为“检查，核实”。Our teachers check our homework every day. 我们的老师每天都检查我们的作业。Please check the answers. 请核对答案。【拓展】 check 的相关短语Check in登记，检票check out 办清手续后离开， check up检验(2) problem 可数名词，意为：问题，难题。He worked out the Maths problem. 他算出了那道数学难题。These are the problems of youth. 这些是青少年的问题。辨析： problem 与 questionproblem多指有待解决的问题， 特别是疑难的问题或令人疑惑的事，人，情况Solve the problem解决问题Deal with the problem 处理问题question意思广泛，指需要解决或解答的问题Ask questions 问问题Answer the question 回答这问题【拓展】(1) have problem (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难。They have some problems (in) getting there on time. 他们准时到达那儿有些困难。(2) No problem. 没问题-Can you help me? 你能帮助我吗？-No problem. 没问题。Reading:1, It is17.8centimetres long. 它有17.8 厘米长。（ p18）17.8 centimetres long 意为 17.8 厘米长。在英语中，表示长宽高面积等通常用基数词+单位名词 metre(s), foot/feet, centimeter(s)等+形容词(long, wide, high ,The bridge is about 50 metres long. 这座桥约 50米长。They are only 15 centimetres wide. 它们只有15厘米宽。2，Playing chess. 下国际象棋（P18）Play chess 是固定短语，意为下国际象棋，chess 前不加任何冠词。The children are learning to play chess. 孩子们正在学习下国际象棋。【拓展】 play 用作动词时，有以下几种常见用法：（1）玩耍； 此时play 为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语The boy often plays in the street. 这个男孩经常在街上玩耍。（2） 打，踢球，后面直接接表示球类的名词。Play basketball打篮球play volleyball打排球play football踢足球(3) 演奏乐器。 表示西洋乐器的名词前加定冠词the.Play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin拉小提琴（4） 玩弄， 与玩耍。 后接介词withHe often plays with his little sister.他经常和他的小妹妹玩。Dont play with fire.别玩火。（山东德州中考）-What do you like to do after school?-I like playing _chess with my father.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. The kings favourite game was chess. 国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。（p19）Favourite 此处用作形容词，以为最喜欢的。Favouritr 通常谓语名词前作定语。What is your favourite movie star?你最喜欢的电影明星是谁？White is my favourite colour.白色是我最喜欢的颜色。【拓展】 favourite 也可以用作名词，意为 最喜欢的人或物This book is my favourite.4. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.有一天，以为充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛（p 19）（1） one day 有一天，某一天。One day, I met Mr Zhang in the street and he looked sad.有一天，我在街上遇到了张先生，他看起来很悲伤。【注意】 one day 和 some day 都可以表示某一天。 但one day 即可指过去的某一天，也可指将来的某一天。而，some day 只表示将来的某一天。I think my dream will come true one day/some day.我想我的梦想有一天会实现。One day, the old man was very ill.有一天，那位老人病得很严重。（2） challenge及物动词，意为向某人挑战，challenge to表示向某人挑战Do you want to challenge him?你想向他挑战吗？My father challenges me to a table tennis game. 父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比赛。5. The king promised the old man, “You can hace any prize if you win the game.”国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，你可以得到任何奖励。” （ p19）(1) promise 此处用作及物动词，表示许诺，承诺。 其后可接双宾语或动词不定式作宾语。She promised me the book.她许诺给我这本书。They promised to come to the party on time. 他们答应准时来参加聚会。【拓展】 promise 也可用做名词，make a promise 意为许下诺言，答应，保证。My mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me.母亲答应给我买一辆新自行车（2）if 连词，意为如果，引导条件状语从句。 If 引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，当条件状语从句位于主句之前时，后面要用逗号与主句隔开。Well go to visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好，我们将去游览长城。If it rains, I wont go swimming. 如果下雨， 我不会去游泳。【拓展】 含有if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，要遵循主将从现的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或含有情态动词，为祈使句），if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。if our government _pay attention to the safety, our health _ in danger.A. isnt; isB. doesnt; will beC. wont; isD, isnt; will be6, Id like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard，（P19）我想在棋盘的第一个方格要一粒谷粒。Would like 意为想要，在意思上相当于want， 但在语气上比want 委婉，常用于口语Would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，would like 后接名词，代词，或动词不定式，但不可接动名词。I would like some apples.我想要些苹果。He would like to eat some bananas.他想吃香蕉。【拓展】（1）当我们询问或回答某人需要。时，可以在would like 后面直接跟名词作宾语。对于would like提出的建议或要求，肯定回答yes, please,否定:no, thanks-what would he like? 他想要什么？-Hed like some food. 他想要些食品。-Would you like some iced tea?你想要喝冰茶吗？- Yes, please. / No, thanks. 好的，请来一点儿。/不，谢谢。（2） 回答would you like to do sth?句型时，肯定回答常用yes, Id love/ like to.”否定回答常用”Id love to , but”-Would you like to stay here with me? 你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗？-Yes, Id love to. 是的， 我愿意。(3) would like sb to do sth 意为想要某人做某事“Id like you to go with me. 我想让你和我一起去。完成句子你想来点面包吗？Would you _some _?7, and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.其余的方格每一格都是（前一方格）两倍的数量。 （p 19）Rest 此处用作名词，意为剩余部分。 The rest of 意为 的剩余部分。Theyll eat some of the bread and keep the rest for breakfast.他们会吃一些面包，剩下的留作早点。But what about the rest of them？ 但是他们其余的人怎么办呢？【拓展】 (1) rest 做名词，意为休息。We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息了一下。（2） rest 做动词，意为休息，使休息。The rest for half an hour. 他们休息了半个小时。8. Wouldnt you like gold or silver instead? 难道你不想要金子或银子代替？Instead 副词，意为代替，顶替She is very busy. Lets go instead.她太忙了，还是让我们去吧。辨析：instead 与 instead ofinstead代替，顶替位于句首或句末instead of代替， 而不是后接名词，代词或动名词Instead Ill stay at home and do my homework. 相反，我会待在家里做作业。Ill read newspapers instead of seeing a film.我将看报纸而不是看电影。9. The king quickly realized the problem. 国王很快意识到了问题。 （p19）Realiszed 是动词realise 的过去式，realize及物动词，意为认识到，意识到，常见用法有：（1）realize + n.At last she realized her mistakes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。（2） realize + that 从句I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。(3) realize + 疑问词+其他I dont think you realize how important this is to her.我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。10、 he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! 他仍然没有足够的大米放在所有的方格上！（P19）Enough 此处用作形容词，意为充足的，足够的。可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。他放在名词的前面或后面都可以。He doesnt have enough time/ time enough to finish the work.他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。【拓展】enough 作副词时，意为足够地，十分，通常用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。The boy is strong enough to lift the box. 这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。The dining hall is _ to hold 300 people.A. enough bigB. enough smallC. small enoughD. big enough11. A young man once talked to a wise old man.（p20）一位年轻人有一次与一位充满智慧的老人交谈。Talk to 意为： 与。交谈I want to talk to my mother about the bike. 我想和我母亲谈谈有关自行车的事情。My teacher often talks to me and helps me. 我的老师常常和我谈话并且帮助我。【拓展】 （1）talk with 意为与交谈。强调谈话双方无主次之分，互相交流She is talking with a friend. 她正在和一个朋友交谈。（2）talk about表示谈论（某人，某事等）Please talk about the picture. 请谈论一下这幅图画。12， “I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice,” 如果你承诺采纳我的建议，我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。（1） how to make more money 是疑问词+动词不定式短语结构，意为如何去赚更多的钱。 在句中作teach 的宾语。疑问代词或副词what/ who/ whom/ which/ where/ when/ how后跟动词不定式，常用作动词know/tell/ask/teach等的宾语。He asked me where to park his car. 他问我该把他的车停在哪里。Could you please teach me how to make a home page?你能教我如何制作主页吗？（2）advice不可数名词，意为建议，表示一条建议，用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建议，用some advice.I will give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。【拓展】（1）advice的常用搭配Give sb some advice/ give some advice to sb.给某人提一些建议；Ask for advice征求意见，follow/ take sbs advice接受某人的建议（2） advise 动词 ，意为建议，后接名词，代词或v.-ing形式做宾语，也可用于advise sb (not) to do sth. 结构，意为建议某人（不要做）某事She asvised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。I dont know how to keep healthy, can you give me _?A. an adviceB. lots of advicesC. a few advicesD. some advices13. The young man agreed. 年轻人同意了（p20）Agree此处用作不及物动词，意为同意，表示同意某人，用agree with sb.Did they agree”? 他们同意吗？We all agreed with Miss Gao. 我们都同意高老师的看法。【拓展】 agree 也可用作及物动词，意为同意，agree to do sth.意为同意做某事。My parents agreed to take me to the zoo. 我父母同意带我去动物园。14. From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后，他不再懒惰。（p20）Not. any more 相当于no more, 意为不再，多表示数量上或程度上不再The girl didnt cry any more. = The girl no more cried. 那个女孩子不再哭了。I wont play computer games any more = I will no more play computer games.我不会再玩电脑游戏。【拓展】 not.any longer相当于no longer意为不再，多表示在时间或距离上不再。She doesnt live here any longer. = She no longer lives here.她不再住在这里了。15. Where the story took place 故事发生的地点（P 21）take place 意为发生，不用于被动语态中This story took place last year. 这个故事是去年发生的。辨析： take place 与 happenTake place表示发生，举行，举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排When will the basketball game take place?篮球赛何时举行？happen做发生，碰巧解，一般用于偶然，或突发性事件An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。要点全解1. Some words have both a strong form and a weak form.（ p26）有些单词既可重读，也可弱读。Both and意为既又，不但而且用于连接并列的句子成分。 若bothand连接主语，其谓语动词须用复数形式。Both his father and his uncle are very tall. 他的父亲和叔叔都很高。2. Our Maths teacher uses a lot of games to help us learn. 我们数学老师用很多游戏来帮助我们学习。Useto do sth意为 用做某事，相当于 usefor doing sth.We use knives to cut thing.= We use knives for cutting things.我们用小刀来割东西。3，He makes the class really interesting. 他使课堂非常有趣。“make +宾语+形容词”表示使某人/ 某物” 形容词作宾语补足语。The present made my cousin happy.那件礼物使我表妹很开心。Her song made her famous all over the world.她的歌使她全世界闻名。【拓展】 动词find, keep等之后也常接形容词作宾语补足语。I found the dog clever. 我发现这条狗很聪明。Lets try to keep our classroom clean. 我们尽量保持教室清洁。4. this is Joyce speaking我是乔伊斯（p27）This is speaking是一句电话用语，意为我是。，不能用I am或my name is 句型。 在讲英语的国家，打电话有其约定的句型和习惯。（1） 在西方国家，接电话时，拿起话筒后习惯于先报自己的电话号码。Hello!7543267(2)打电话问某人在不在时，常用：Hello! May I speak to .?( 你好！我能和通话吗？)Hello! Isin? (你好！在家吗？)（3）问对方是哪一位，不说who are you? 而用whos that?回答对方或自我介绍时，不说Im而用this is (4) 如果对方要找的人正是你，说： yes, this is speaking, (对，我正在接听)如果对方要找的人不在面前可以说： hold on, please. (请别挂断)如果对方打错了可以说： sorry, youve got the wrong number. (对不起打错了)（5）电话挂断之前不要忘了道一声告别的话。如： goodbye./bye-bye(武汉中考)-Hello, this is Wendy. Can I speak to Jessica?-Yes, _.A.Jessica is meB. Jessica, pleaseC. my name is JessicaD. this is Jessica speaking5. I dont think I copied down the Maths problems correctly. （p27）我认为我没有正确地抄写数学题。这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。当主句主语为第一人称，think, believe 等动词后的宾语从句为否定含义的句子时，要将否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，这种语法现象就是否定转移。翻译成汉语时，要注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。I dont think that Jenny will come to his party.我认为珍妮不回去参加他的聚会。I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。（北京朝阳中考）完成句子我认为你的答案不对。I _ _ your answer is right.More practise1. However, they could only count small numbers in this way. 然而，用这种方法，他们只能数很小的数。（p29）辨析： in this way, in the way, on the way, 与 by the wayin this way用这种方法Only in this way, can we do better in English.in the way挡道Look, a car is in the way.on the way在路上I met my uncle on the way to school.by the way顺便说一下By the way, what time is it?2, They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had. 他们用这些记号来数像每月的天数，食物的数量和他们拥有的动物的数量这些东西。（p29）辨析: