大学四级必考72种句型.doc

1It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型Shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.2强调句型Itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus.3All+抽象名词或抽象名词+itself（very+形容词）Hewasallgentlenesstoher.4利用词汇重复表示强调Acrimeisacrimeacrime.5something（much）of和nothing（little）ofnbsp; somethingnbsp; of相当于tonbsp; somenbsp; extent，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为anythingnbsp; ofnbsp;，可译为有点，略微等。译为毫无，全无。muchnbsp; of译为大有，notnbsp; muchnbsp; of可译为算不上，称不上，littlenbsp; of可译为几乎无。somethingnbsp;like译为有点像，略似。Theysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.6同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，of以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰of后面的那个名词。如hernbsp;oldnbsp;sharpernbsp;ofnbsp;anbsp;father，可译为：她那骗子般的父亲。Thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch.7asascan（may）beItisasplainasplaincanbe.8Itnbsp;isnbsp;in（with）hellip;asnbsp;in（with）Itisinlifeasinajourney.9asnbsp;goodnbsp;ashellip;相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim.10manynbsp;asnbsp;wellhellip;as和mightnbsp;asnbsp;wellnbsp;hellip;asnbsp;manynbsp;asnbsp;wellhellip;as可译为与其hellip;hellip;，不如hellip;hellip;，更好，以这样做hellip;hellip;为宜，如同hellip;hellip;，也可以hellip;hellip;等等。mightnbsp;asnbsp;wellnbsp;hellip;as表示不可能的事，可译为犹如hellip;hellip;，可与hellip;hellip;一样荒唐，与其那样不如这样的好等等。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitimperfectly.11tonbsp;makehellip;of的译法（使hellip;hellip;成为hellip;hellip;，把hellip;hellip;当作）Iwillmakeascientistofmyson.12oo+不定式，not（never）toohellip;+不定式，toohellip;not+不定式Sheistooangrytospeak.13only(not,all,but,never)tootodoso和toonbsp;readynbsp;(apt)nbsp;+nbsp;tonbsp;do结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是not，allbut等字后+toohellip;to，不定式都失去了否定意义，在toonbsp;ready（apt）nbsp;+tonbsp;do结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。Youknowbuttooyelltoholdyourtongue.14nonbsp;morenbsp;hellip;thanhellip;句型Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.15notnbsp;sonbsp;muchhellip;as和notnbsp;sonbsp;muchnbsp;asnbsp;hellip;结构，notnbsp;sonbsp;muchhellip;as=notnbsp;sonbsp;muchnbsp;asnbsp;hellip;，其中as有进可换用butnbsp;rather，可译为：与其说是hellip;hellip;毋须说是hellip;hellip;。而notnbsp;sonbsp;muchnbsp;as=without（not）even，可译为甚至hellip;hellip;还没有。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.16Nothingnbsp;isnbsp;morehellip;than和Nothingnbsp;isnbsp;sonbsp;hellip;as结构，Nothingnbsp;isnbsp;morehellip;than和Nothingnbsp;isnbsp;sonbsp;hellip;as都具有最高级比较的意思，Nothingnbsp;I可换用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可译为没有hellip;hellip;比hellip;hellip;更为，像hellip;hellip;再没有了，最hellip;hellip;等。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.17cannothellip;toohellip;结构,cannothellip;toohellip;意为Itnbsp;isnbsp;impossiblenbsp;tonbsp;overdohellip;或者，即无论怎样hellip;hellip;也不算过分。not可换用hardly，scarcely等，too可换用enough，sufficient等Youcannotbetoocareful.18否定+butnbsp;结构，在否定词后面的but，具有whichnbsp;not，whonbsp;not，thatnbsp;not，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成没有hellip;hellip;不是或hellip;hellip;都hellip;hellip;等Nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19否定+untilnbsp;(till)结构，在否定词no，not，never，little，few，seldom等的后边所接用的until/till，多数情况下译为直到hellip;hellip;才hellip;hellip;，要hellip;hellip;才hellip;hellip;，把否定译为肯定。Nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried.20notnbsp;sohellip;but和notnbsp;suchnbsp;anbsp;hellip;but结构，这两个结构和否定+but的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的but是含有thathellip;not意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为还没有hellip;hellip;到不能做hellip;hellip;的程度，并不是hellip;hellip;不hellip;hellip;，无论怎样hellip;hellip;也不是不能hellip;hellip;等。Heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool.21疑问词+shouldhellip;butnbsp;结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为nonehellip;but，可译为除了hellip;hellip;还有谁会hellip;hellip;，岂料，想不到hellip;hellip;竟是hellip;hellip;等。Whoshouldwriteitbuthimself?22whonbsp;knowsnbsp;butnbsp;(that)hellip;和whonbsp;couldnbsp;shouldhellip;but结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为多半，亦未可知等等，有时也可直译。Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo?23祈使句+and和祈使句+or结构，祈使句+and表示Ifhellip;youhellip;，祈使名+or表示ifhellip;nothellip;，you。Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Aadrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.Aadtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.24名词+and结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.25ashellip;,sohellip;结构，这里的so的意思是innbsp;thenbsp;samenbsp;way（也是如此）。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。Asrusteatsiron,socareeatstheheart.26ifnbsp;any结构，ifnbsp;any和ifnbsp;ever，意思是果真有hellip;hellip;，即使有hellip;hellip;，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有：ifnbsp;anything（如有不同的话，如果稍有区别），ifnbsp;anbsp;day（=atnbsp;least，至少）。Thereislittle,ifany,hope.27benbsp;itnbsp;ever(never)so和letnbsp;itnbsp;benbsp;ever(never)so结构，这里，benbsp;it中的be是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用letnbsp;itnbsp;be。evernbsp;so和nevernbsp;so都表示同一意思，都表示very。Beiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome.28thenbsp;last+不定式和thenbsp;lastnbsp;+定语从词结构，这种结构中的last意思是thenbsp;leastnbsp;likely，用于否定性推论。可译为最不大可能的，最不合适的，由原意的最后一个hellip;hellip;变成最不可能hellip;hellip;的一个。Heisthelastmantoacceptabride.29sohellip;thathellip;句型，这个句型的意思是如此hellip;hellip;，以致于hellip;hellip;，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成如此hellip;hellip;以致于hellip;hellip;，而是变通表达其含义。Heransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimup.30morenbsp;+nbsp;than+原级形容词（副词）结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的more有rather的意思。Itismorethanprobablethathewillfall.31morenbsp;thannbsp;+动词结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为异常，岂止，十二分地等。Thismorethansatisfiedme.32goodnbsp;andnbsp;hellip;的副词用法，译为非常，很等。类似还有nicenbsp;andnbsp;hellip;,nbsp;finenbsp;andnbsp;hellip;,nbsp;lovelynbsp;andnbsp;hellip;,nbsp;brightnbsp;andnbsp;hellip;,nbsp;rarenbsp;andnbsp;hellip;,nbsp;bignbsp;andnbsp;hellip;等，均表示程度。Theapplesaregoodandripe.33andnbsp;that结构，这个andnbsp;that应译为而且hellip;hellip;，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，that代表前面的整个陈述部分。Returntoyourwork,andthatatonce.34atnbsp;oncehellip;and结构，这个结构译为既hellip;hellip;又hellip;hellip;，起相关连接的作用，相当于bothhellip;andhellip;。Thenovelisatoncepleasingandinstructive.35innbsp;thathellip;结构，这个结构的意思是在那一点上（方面），可译为因为。类似的结构还有innbsp;thishellip;。Thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts.36thenbsp;namenbsp;notwithstanding结构，这个结构中notwithstanding是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成：notwithstandingnbsp;thenbsp;name。起让步状语的作用。Somepeoplethinkofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.37Everyhellip;not和Allhellip;not结构，Everyhellip;not表示不见得每个hellip;hellip;都是hellip;hellip;；Allhellip;not表示不见得所有hellip;hellip;都是hellip;hellip;的意思。Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen.38maynbsp;asnbsp;wellnbsp;nothellip;as结构，此结构可译为与其hellip;hellip;不如不hellip;hellip;。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly.39havenbsp;onlynbsp;tonbsp;hellip;do结构，此结构表示只须（消）hellip;hellip;就能hellip;hellip;的意思。WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit.40notnbsp;(no)nbsp;hellip;unlesshellip;句型Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.41betterhellip;thanhellip;句型Bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove.42asnbsp;itnbsp;were是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是好象，可以说等。Apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromit,feels,asitwere,thethreadsofthisattachment.43复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语mustrealize提到定语从句之前。Thoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,Idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.Plainlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthemannerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice.44nothellip;anynbsp;morenbsp;thanhellip;为：不能hellip;hellip;，正如不能hellip;hellip;。Onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool.45Bynbsp;thatnbsp;asnbsp;itnbsp;may是Letnbsp;itnbsp;benbsp;thatnbsp;asnbsp;itnbsp;may的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是虽然如此，尽管这样。Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.46ifnbsp;atnbsp;all是一个由if引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为即将hellip;hellip;，即使hellip;hellip;等。Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.47由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.Therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners.48rangenbsp;fromnbsp;hellip;tohellip;结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。Computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.49thenbsp;wayhellip;结构Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.50复杂宾补结构Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.51某些分隔结构1）动词短语相关部分被分隔（当makenbsp;usenbsp;ofnbsp;，takenbsp;noticenbsp;of，paynbsp;attentionnbsp;to，等动词短语变成被动语态时）。Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghouses.2）双重定语引起的分隔。Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.52tonbsp;benbsp;doinghellip;whenhellip;是一个句型，多译为某人正在做hellip;hellip;时，突然hellip;hellip;。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10oclock,nbsp;whennbsp;anbsp;verynbsp;big,nbsp;verynbsp;tallnbsp;man,nbsp;accostednbsp;themnbsp;andnbsp;demandednbsp;theirnbsp;purses.53toohellip;to句型ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall.54sonbsp;muchnbsp;thathellip;句型ButhedevelopedgraduallyaverymusicalEnglish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamistylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit.55when引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为当hellip;hellip;的时候，它还有许多种译法。Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepossibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthantowearacurlywig.56nothellip;becausehellip;，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthanFatherHopkins.57sohellip;that,nbsp;suchhellip;that是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。Thetruthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours.58bynbsp;doinghellip;结构。这个结构的意思是通过（做）hellip;hellip;，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroytheraretrees.59下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupthattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresultinginapoorerlifelessfullofmeaning.60whathellip;of句型IcannotsayofmyselfwhatJohnsonsaidofPope:Heneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan.61英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think（believe）时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。Itisavaluablework.Idonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit.62tonbsp;havenbsp;nothellip;(as)nbsp;tonbsp;seehellip;中的不定式也有否定意味。Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction.63Itnbsp;occurrednbsp;tonbsp;sb.nbsp;thathellip;意为突然想到，Itnbsp;dawnednbsp;onnbsp;sb.thathellip;.突然想起等。nbsp;从句是想起的内容。Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedbackatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhadcontinuedtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive.64Itnbsp;followsnbsp;thathellip;=Itnbsp;happensnbsp;asnbsp;anbsp;resulthellip;常常被译为由此可见，因此，从前，可以推断等等。Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceasedtoexist.65thatsnbsp;allnbsp;therenbsp;isnbsp;tonbsp;itnbsp;，意思是也不过如此而已。可根据上下文视情况处理。IfImnbsp;touched,nbsp;Imnbsp;touched-thatsnbsp;allnbsp;therenbsp;isnbsp;tonbsp;it.66Thenbsp;chancesnbsp;arenbsp;thathellip;是一句型，译为有可能hellip;hellip;。Thechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictionoverwhichyouwishtolinger.67Feel,see,leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryimportance.68某此以no,nowhere,never,notbout,notany,nothingbut,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。InevergopastthetheatrebutIthinkofhislastperformance.69某些用choicebetween,toknowbetter,whetheror,shouldhaveavoided(或donebetter)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法Thenwearefacedwithachoicebetweenusingtechnologytoprovideandfulfilneedswhichhavehithertobeenregardedasunnecessaryor,ontheotherhand,usingtechnologytoreducethenumberofhoursofworkwhichamanmustdoinordertoearnagivenstandardoflibing.70某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。Thecountryhadgrownrich,itscommercewaslarge,andwealthdiditsnaturalworkinmakinglifesofterandmoreworldly,commerceindeprovincializingthemindsofthoseengagedinit.71修饰成分（包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等）多而长。AcrossthecourtfromtheManhattanapartmentthatIhaveoccupiedforthepastfewyearsisadogthatoftenhurlsinsultsintothedarkness,afewofwhichmydogrefusestoacceptandmakesatartreply.72一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。Ofcourse,nobodywashurtthistime,becausewehadallbeentodinner,noneofusbeingnovicesexceptingHastings;andhehavingbeeninformedbytheministeratthetimethatheinvitedhimthatindeferencetotheEnglishcustomthehadnChapter One 文章开头句型 1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. 例如(e.g) 1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to . , some people bielive that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter .) 3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/ believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether. 1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g 1. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) 3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. - To be continued ! 1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. e.g: 1. Never history has the change of . been as evident as . Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . benn more visible/popular than. 2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that. 3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of . 4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that. 1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: 1. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . Education is not complete with gradulation. Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. 2. How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this . 1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: 1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . . 2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new. 1-6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g: 1. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenemenon of . has aroused public concern. 2. I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 3. Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story