考点详解版--高中英语动词时态语态讲解及练习全.doc

表格式一般现在时态和语态 一般现在时特点要点内容概念一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态标志语often，sometimes，always，usually等频率词连用， every day, every week, every month, every term, every year, once a week，twice a year，on Sundays,谓语动词的时态构成1 be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are（是）2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）谓语动词语态构成形式am is are + 过去分词温馨提示（重要考点）1 表示位置转移的动词go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用一般现在时表示按计划“即将”发生的动作， 2 在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用现在时表示将来时（即主将从现原则,一定要有两个句子）【常见主将从现的标志语有if, as soon as(一就) unless(如果不when, before, until(直到才)等从句标志语】 一 一般现在时 （一）定义：主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.（二）标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever，every week (day, year, month), once /twice a week, on Sundays, （三）谓语动词构成：1 be动词的一般现在时 ：am is are（是， “在”）2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候：（1）当主语不是第三人称单数的时候，一般现在时用行为动词的原形（2）主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数（除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词），动词要变形加s或es（温馨提示：动词变形要符合两个条件：1，主语是三单，2，句子是肯定句）（四）.基本结构： 1，肯定句：主语+谓语（+其他的） He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. （主语He是三单，又是肯定句，所以谓语动词发生变形，加上了s） Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much.2，否定句： 主语+dont或者doesnt+动词原形+其他 (在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesnt do her housework every day. We dont dance . He isnt a worker.3，一般疑问句： Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他？（把be或者do does 提到主语的前面） Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesnt. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher?4， 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句 Where does Tom come from?（五) 一般现在时态用法（1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与这样的时间状语连用： eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. （2）表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. （3）表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100 The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.（4） 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。（六）一般现在时态的考点：考点一：表示永恒真理（结合宾语从句考点） 即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that the earth goes (go)around the sun yesterday. I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：一般现在时态表将来的情况1. ：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词后面用现在时态表将来。时间状语从句的标志语：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件状语从句的标志语：if, unless, provided.I will give it to him as soon as I see him tomorrow. 明天我一看见他就交给他。He will come if you invite him. 如果你请他,他会来的。Suppose he doesnt agree，what shall we do?假如他不同意，那怎么办?I shall do as I please. 我高兴怎么做就怎么做。He will continue the work no matter what happens. if he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.2：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。See to it that you are not late again. 注意别再迟到了。3：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时, 因为前者相当于条件状语从句The harder you study, the better results you will get.4. 表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常有表示将来的时间状语。如：The plane takes off at 11:30 and arrives in Shanghai at l:20. 飞机十一点半起飞，一点二十分抵达上海。The meeting begins at 8:00 .注意：只限于少数动词能这样用，如 begin, start, , end, finish, stop, go, come, leave, sail, arrive, return, close, open （一般都是瞬间动词这样用一般现在时表示将来的动作）等。 考点三：以here, there等开始的倒装句，动词多为go，come等，用一般现在时态表示动作正在进行。如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 二 一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意：考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise三 现在进行时（一）现在进行时定义和标志语：1. 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：标志语：now, at this time, these days, look, listen，（做提示语的时候）Its oclock, The house is being built these days.2. 或表感情色彩，加强语气。标志语：频率副词always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The little boy is always making trouble. （二）谓语动词时态构成：am/is/are+doing （三）谓语动词被态语态构成： am/is/are+being +done 助动词（am, is, are）只随主语变化。如下表：I amhe,she,it(包括单数名词) isyou, we, they (包括复数名词) are（四） 句型变化：1 肯定句：主语+助动词（am,is, are）+现在分词(v.-ing)+其它。They are working in a factory these days. 2 否定句：主语+助动词（am,is, are）not+现在分词(v.-ing)+其它。They arent working in a factory these days.3 一般疑问句:一般疑问句把be提到主语前面。Are they working in a factory these days.4 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？What are they doing now?(五)、现在进行时的基本用法： 1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情或者当前在发生的动作。例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。They are working in a factory these days. More and more people are giving up smoking. 2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） 3. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往 往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。 When are you leaving? Are you going to Tibet tomorrow? (6) 、不用进行时的动词 （状态动词不用于进行时态，多用一般现在时态或者 其他时态） (1)表示知道或者了解以及决定的词: accept,finish,give,decide ,believe, ,know,understand, want ,wish, think ,see, I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 (2).表示“看起来”“看上去 look, seem You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。 (3)表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.love He likes apples. (4)表示构成或来源的动词 be from,come from. (5)表示感官的动词，系动词， sound ,smell, taste feel, The music sounds interesting.(6)表示拥有包括的动词need.own . belong to ,cost, have等。 I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二： 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。多是表示位置转移的动词go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly, get等可用现在进行时表示已经确定或安排好的将来活动Marry is leaving on Friday.谓语动词的时态构成have/has (主语是三单)+ done现在完成时的被动语态构成have/has +been + done温馨提示（重要考点）1. 标志语和时态。2. 和一般过去时，过去完成时的区别。3.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。4.现在完成时的被动语态。 5.现在完成时常见两种句型： 主语have / has beenfor短语 It is一段时间 since从句 （一般过去时）6. 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句是过去时，现在完成时态要变成过去完成时态。四 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.What were you doing at nine last night?The radio was being repaired when you called me. 五 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三：“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.六 过去将来时一、概念：表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would+动词原形”或“was/weregoingto+动词原形”来表达。过去将来时的基本特征，也就是我么年今天所谈到的“立足过去，着眼未来”。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。例如：MarytoldmethatshewouldgotoShanghaibyplane.玛丽告诉我说她将要坐飞机去上海。二、基本构成A)would+动词原形如：HeaskedmeifIwouldstayhere.他问我是否要待在这儿。B)was/weregoingto+动词原形如：Nooneknewwhenhewasgoingtofinishhishomework.没有人知道他什么时候会完成作业。C)was/were(about)to+动词原形如：Hesaidthattheyweretoleaveatsix.他说他们将于6点动身。D) come,go,arrive,leave,die等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 三、基本用法 A)主句为过去时,宾语从句常表示将要发生的事情。 an: Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years没有人知道一百年之后将会发生什么事 We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting我们想知道她是否准备在会上发言。 B)在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时,用过去将来时表示在当时看将来会 发生的事。 tn: It was a Sunday afternoon. A young woman named Maria had just left school He was going to start to work the next week, so she decided to buy some new clothes and a new pair of shoes一个星期天的下午,一位名叫玛丽亚的年轻人刚离开学校。为她准备下周开始工作,所以,决定买些新衣服和一双新鞋子C)过去将来时还可以用来表示非真实的动作或状态 七 现在完成时态一、 概念：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 I have finished my homework . 过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 I have lived here since 1990.二 、标志词：见上表。三、现在完成时态的谓语动词基本构成：have/has + done The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 四、 现在完成时的四个基本句型：（1）.肯定句：主语+ has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.He has been in the League for three years. They have already finished their homework.(2).否定句：主语+hasnt(havent)+动词的过去分词+其他的。He hasnt returned from abroad You havent talked.(3).一般疑问句：Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的？Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?(4).特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？How long has Thomas studied Russian?五、现在完成时的考点：1 、九个重点标志语的用法already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 I have never been there before. so far到目前为止 So far he has learnt 200 words. how long多久 How long have you lived here? how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?2、三词组用法区别： 1）havegone to“去了某地” He has gone to Beijing (人不在说话现场) 2）havebeen to“去过某地” He has been to Beijing. (人在说话现场)3）havebeen in “去了某地”+for+时间段 He has been in Beijing for ten years. （他已经去北京十年了。）3、两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.4、如果句子里没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5、现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型：They have planted many trees in the last few years. This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。考点：补充拓展表示短暂意义的动词：come, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, die, join, finish, end, fall in等可以用完成时，但是不能表示过去已开始，持续到现在的完成时，不和for+时间段，since+过去时间，但可以表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词中的短暂性的动词。(肯定句中非延续性动词不和for+时间段，since+过去时间连用，但是否定句和疑问句不受限制。) He has arrived here. 不能说：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )可以说：He has been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ) It is ten minutes since he arrived here. 可以说： He hasnt arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ). Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改写句子) 如： 在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： He has bought the book. (1.去掉一段时间for 3 years) He bought the book 3 years ago (2.改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.（3.改为固定句型 It is -since-） He has not bought the book for 3 years. （4.改为否定句） He has had the book for 3 years.（since 3 years ago。）（5.用延续性动词have代替buy）7、还有其他一次性动词也是如此，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不同 come/arrive/get to/reach be here I have come here for 3 years.（错） leave/go be away He has left for 3 hours.（错） begin/start be on The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错） open be open / close be closed The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) die be dead His father has died for 3 years.(错) finish/end be overHe has finished the work for 3 days.(错) join be inbe a . I have joined the army for 3 years.（错） I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years. buy /catch have I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错） He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错） borrow keepI have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错） 还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken The cup broke two weeks ago. get up be up Tom got up three hours ago. marry be married Lucy married last year. become be He become a famous writer ten years ago. lose be lost My mother lost her bag five months ago. 8、 延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know keep have wait watch sing read live终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。leave start set out arrive reach get to begin stop shut turn off marry put put on get up wake fall join meet receivefinish end complete become come go die open close break give jump buy borrow9、终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days. （错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间for three days连用）补充材料：考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点，肯定句谓语动词要用延续性动词They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.I have learned English for ten years.考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.一般过去时和现在完成时两种时态的区分:（ 1 ）构成的区分：一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，助动词是did而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词 have/ has + 过去分词”。 (2)标志词的区分：一般过去时通常与表示过去的明确的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用。 试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别： A:Have you seen the film ? B:Did you see the film ? A:How has he done it ? B:How did he do it ? 八 过去完成时一、概念表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装）考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job. 九 现在完成进行时一、构成形式I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词二、基本句型肯定式 第一人称 have been doing sth.疑问式 Have 第一人称 been doing sth.简略回答 Yes， 第一人称 have. No， 第一人称 havent.肯定式 第三人称 has been doing sth.疑问式 Has 第三人称been doing sth.简略回答 Yes， 第三人称has. No， 第三人称hasnt.1） 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)Jack has been feeling very well recently.3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：She has been playing tennis since she was eight.4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：Toms hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.标志:1.句中常有延续性动词1 ，2.时间点前有since。三、用法现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous)主语+have/has+been+动词-ing(延续性动词)（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）I have been learning English three years ago.三年以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years.They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。（动作还将继续下去）I have been working here for five years.I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作五年了。（动作还将继续下去）（四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。I have been w