主从句的时态问题.doc

_从句和主句中谓语动词的时态在复合句中，主句和从句的谓语动词时态一般遵循以下的规律：一 在以下三种主语从句中，主语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。 (1)It is+形容词+that句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing(令人惊讶的)等。 (2) It is +名词+that句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议，建议)， requirement, request, desire, order等。 (3) It is+动词的过去分词+ that句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。 在insist(坚持)， urge (催促)， order(命令)， command(命令)， suggest(建议)，advise(建议)，recommend(建议，推荐)， request(请求，要求)， demand(要求)，require(要求，需要)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可省略。 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议)， requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。 在一些表示惊讶、意志等感情色彩的名词性从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should +have done”，译为“竟然，居然”。例如：I am surprised /shocked that you should speak in such a way。I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to his mum。It is strange /surprising that she should not have been invited。I am glad that your story should have won the first prize。二 表示“同时”意义的连词as, when, as soon as, the moment, while 等连接的时间状语从句，主句和从句时态基本一致。例如：As time passed, things seemed to get worse。 表示“将来”意义的条件、时间和让步状语从句中多用一般现在时，而主句用一般将来时，被称为“主将从现”。在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless等引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。例如：Ill tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。If it doesnt rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这儿的。 Tom wont go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story。Once I get him a job, hell be fine。 since引导的时间状语从句多用一般过去时，而含有since从句的主句通常用现在完成时。例如：I havent met her since I left university。 在since点时间句型中，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：He has worked at the factory since he came here.自从他来到这儿，他就一直在这家工厂上班。另外，在句型Its+段时间since从句中，since后面的从句要用一般过去时。例如：Its a long time since we met last.自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了。在句式hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan中，第一个分句中过去完成时，第二个分句用一般过去时。例如：She had hardly sat down when the phone rang。如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，而且有先后，则在先的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。例如：When he got there, the train had left.当他到那儿的时候，火车已经开了。He said he had visited the school before.他说他以前参观过那所学校。 在as if/though 引导的状语从句中，如果表示一种与事实相反夸张，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。例如：She stared at me as though I were a complete stranger。三 在宾语从句 当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如：He asked when they would go to the party.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会。Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京。 当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时，后面从句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各种适合的时态。例如：Do you know when well have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗？You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去上海了。当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光速比音速要快。When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait for no man.当我还是学生的时候，老师常常告诉我们，岁月不等人。 随堂练习1. We should learn from those _ are always ready to help others. A. who B. whom C. they D. that 2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who _ in China. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working 3. Tom is the only one of the students who _ to Shanghai. A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone 4. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 5. The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they6. He is a man of great knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom7 Do you know the man _ just now? A. to who I nodded B. I nodded toC. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him. 8. The man _ has gone to Japan. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about9. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black. A. which B. its C. whose D. which of10. The radio set _ last week has been out of order. A. I bought B. I bought it C.