考点突破：代词.doc

2019届高三年级专题考点破解：代词 by Crystal Lin代 词 主要考点 考点 1人称代词考点 2 物主代词考点 3 反身代词考点 4 不定代词考点 5 it的用法精剖析 语法突破 【考点1】人称代词 数、格 人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I meweus第二人称youyou youyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit（1）人称代词的主格作主语；人称代词的宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语。（2）在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格，如“Me, too”。随堂练习 一、单句语法填空All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of _ (they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with _ (he)We can choose our friends, but usually we cannot choose our neighbors. However, to get a happy home life, we have to get along with _ as well as possible.My friends walked with me to the bus stop and waited with _ (I) until the bus arrived.She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _ (he)二、单句改错 (2016浙江高考)Every time he arrived home at the end of the day, wed greet her at the door.Its been a week since we left your family and we are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.Finally, we put the figurines (面人) we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.But its difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it.Secondly, its high time for I to say sorry to the classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood.When we arrived, we made a camp fire first. Then, Anna taught us to catch fish so that they could have more food to eat that night.We had to take her to the doctor on the third day and we were really worried, but he was OK.【答案】一、单句语法填空 them, him, them,me, him二、单句改错 her改为him, them改为us, 去掉them, it改为them, 第一个I改为me, they改为we, her改为him 或者he改为she【考点2】物主代词意思类别我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语,不能单独使用。 （2）名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。 随堂练习 一、单句语法填空Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles, but Chinas is unequaled because of _ (it) beauty, grace (优雅) and history.“As soon as he opens _ (he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel very proud of him，” said his music teacher.The violin is _ (you), Mr. Kreisler. Take it into the world, and let the people hear it.They are heading for Florida for _ (they) honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back.二、单句改错Ive always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English-speaking countries like your to practice and improve my English.Through these activities, we can broaden us horizons and learn about Western culture. (2014重庆联合测试)If you dont build your dream, someone will hire you to build him.My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.(2016四川高考)Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.【答案】一、单句语法填空its, his, yours, their二、单句改错 your改为yours, us改为our, him改为his, our改为his, her改为his, your改为my【考点3】反身代词人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves（1）反身代词常在 enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce(介绍)等动词后和by, for, to, in, of等介词后作宾语。 （2）反身代词可以作名词或代词的同位语,加强语气,强调亲自,本人,亲身。（3）反身代词可以在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态。（4）含有反身代词的短语 介词+反身代词by oneself 单独地,独自地for oneself 亲自,为自己 in oneself本身,本来 to oneself对自己,独有动词+反身代词dress oneself自己穿衣 hide oneself把自己藏起来enjoy oneself过得愉快 feel oneself觉得自在lose oneself迷路 seat oneself坐下amuse oneself自娱 teach oneself自学express oneself表达自己的思想 behave oneself表现得体,有礼貌boast oneself自夸make yourself at home不拘束 help oneself to随便吃,随便用devote oneself to致力于 apply oneself to 专心致志于 adapt/ adjust oneself to 适应于随堂练习 ：单句语法填空 (2017浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt _ (I)，” says Paulson.They do it because the platform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve _ (they)(2010上海卷)If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _.I am sure all of them enjoyed _ in the party last night.Can you carry this box upstairs by _ ?【答案】myself, themselves, ourselves, themselves, yourself【考点4】不定代词1. either, both, neither, all, none, any 词义指代都任何一个都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物；不可数名词allanynone随堂练习 42019届高三年级专题考点破解：代词 by Crystal Lin一、单句语法填空There are many trees on _ side of the street.Lily and Lucy are twins, _ of them look like their mother.Neither answer _ (be) right.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop. (2012江西)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life. (2013陕西，22)Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _(2013新课标，14)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for _ the teachers and the students.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.(2014北京东城联考)You may drop in or just give me a call. _ will do.(2014北京东城一模)There are plenty of vegetables in the fridge. You neednt buy _.二、单句改错(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.(2015四川高考改编)Niki is always full of ideas, but neither is useful to my knowledge.(2014四川卷)Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked either and moved to Cambridge.(2014河南洛阳统考)You see, none of them is big, but they become a large river when joined together, and yet larger when joined by a third.Tom and Mike are all fond of skiing, but neither of them likes playing the piano.【答案】一、单句语法填空either, both, is, none,none, both, both, neither,Either, any二、单句改错all改为both, neither改为none, either改为neither,none改为neither, all 改为both2. nobody/no one, nothing, none指代用来回答相当于是否加of短语nobody/no one人whonot anybodynot anyone否nothing物whatnot anything否none人或物how manyhow muchnot a/an/any +名词或no + 名词是随堂练习 ：用none, nobody/no one, nothing填空 22019届高三年级专题考点破解：代词 by Crystal Lin _ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _ like swimming as a means of keeping fit. - Wow! Youve got so many clothes! - But _ of them are in fashion now. I couldnt just stand by and do _.【答案】Nobody/no one nothing none nothing3. other, the other, others, the others, another（1）other作定语时,常与复数名词连用,如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no以及形容词性物主代词，也可与可数名词单数或不可数名词连用。others是other的复数形式,泛指“别的人或物”（但不是全部），不能作定语,可构成 “some, others”（一些另一些）。 （2）the other 指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用构成“one,the other”（一个,另一个）；the other作定语修饰复数名词时，特指“其余全部的人或物” ，可构成 “some, the others”（一些其余的）。 （3）another 指再一,另一,作代词或形容词,用于表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个。（4）another也可用于数词前,表示再,又。 此时another+数词+名词复数相当于数词+more+名词复数。 随堂练习 22019届高三年级专题考点破解：代词 by Crystal Lin一、单句语法填空I dont know whether the young man actually used the money for his breakfast or for _ purposes.Feeling that I could not stand waiting in such a line any longer, I decided to join _ one.(2014福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _， knives and forks.(2013重庆卷)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is _.Class was over and the students came out of the classroom one after _.二、单句改错I have two brothers. One is a soldier and the another is a singer.You can never meet the needs of every customer. Some may prefer light colors while other enjoy dark ones.Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”(2014苏州市调研)To stay awake, my brother finished a cup of coffee and ordered others.(2014河北保定调研)The disease was terrible and it made Jacks life difficult, one problem following the another【答案】一、单句语法填空other, another, others, another, another二、单句改错another改为other, other改为others, other改为another, others改为another, 去掉the4. 复合不定代词某任何每个，所有没有人somebody(someone)anybody(anyone)everybody(everyone)nobody(no one)物somethinganythingeverythingnothing（1）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式。（2）复合不定代词若有形容词修饰，形容词应放在其后。5. 代词构成的固定搭配anything but 决不,根本不nothing but 仅仅,只有 none but=only 仅仅,只有all but=almost 几乎,差不多; 除外的全部anybody/everybody but除外的任何人not anything=nothing 没有什么(表示全部否定)not everything 并非每件东西(表示部分否定)随堂练习：单句语法填空 22019届高三年级专题考点破解：代词 by Crystal Lin(2014安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help. _ here is willing to lend you a hand. (2013安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together.(2011全国卷)I got this bicycle for _；My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.(2011四川卷)There is _ in his words. We should have a try.While he likes basketball very much, he is _ but a basketball teacher.Would you like _ to eat?Some bread and two cakes, please.【答案】Everyone/Everybody, Nothing, nothing, something, anything, something6. many, much, few, little, a few, a little代词用法表示意义含义注意few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有only a few = fewa few修饰可数名词肯定含义几个；一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有only a little =littlea little修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多quite a few = manymuch修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多quite a little = much随堂练习：用many, much, few, little, a few, a little完成下列句子 22019届高三年级专题考点破解：代词 by Crystal Lin _ (很多)people dont have _ (很多)food. _ (很多)of the mistakes were just caused by carelessness._ (很少)people can live to be 100 years old. You have done very _(很少)for me. Come in and have _ (一点)whisky.She has written many books but Ive only read _ (少数).【答案】Many, much, Many,Few, little, a little, a few7. 替代词代词用法例句one 替代上文出现的同类事物,但不是同一事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,所替代的名词必须是可数名词He bought several books and lent one to me.他买了几本书并借给了我一本。(one =a book) the one 替代前面提到的单数名词,且表特指。有时可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下) The book on the desk is better than the one under the desk.书桌上面的那本书比书桌下面的那本好。that 替代上文出现的同类事物,所替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,其后常跟介词短语作后置定语The weather here is colder than that of Henan.这儿的天气比河南的天气冷。it 替代上文出现的同一事物,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词The weather is cold. I dont like it. (it=the weather)天气很冷,我不喜欢。随堂练习 (2013四川卷)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.(2012辽宁卷)If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get _ for me?(2012浙江卷)Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds.(2011北京卷)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _.(2014浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)Womens Day is around the corner, and Im considering buying a gift for Mum, _ that is to her taste.(2014福建质检)Mr. Brown asked me to design another pattern for kids, _ with cartoons on both the front and back sides.Mr. Rod prefers a restaurant in a small town to _ in so large a city as Beijing.To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues. The cost of living in a village is much lower than _ of living in a city.I want to have a house of my own, _ that is bright and comfortable.【答案】that, one, those, it, one, one, one, that, that, one【考点5】it的用法1. it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容；2. it指时间、距离、天气等；3. it用于强调句型中“It + be +被强调部分 + that/who + 其它成分”，被强调部分为“人”时可用“that/who”， 被强调部分是“物”时用“that”。4. it 用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当； It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others. No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.【知识积累：常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式】It is a pity/shame that .真可惜/丢人It is no wonder that . 难怪It seems/appears that . 似乎/看起来It looks/seems as if/though . 看起来好像It happens that . 碰巧It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that .某人突然想起It is said/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggested that . 据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议It is no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间主语表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely/count on等)itthat/if/when .，如：I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.随堂练习 一、单句语法填空(2014全国卷)The river was so polluted that _actually caught fire and burned.So _ is no wonder that the building was named the UKs worst building._ is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel.Parents often find _ difficult to win their childrens trust and they always forget how they themselves felt when young.I would appreciate _ if you could give me a hand to solve the problems.I love music because _ makes me feel good and relaxed._ is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.He admitted that when _ comes to repairing a computer, he had little knowledge of it.二、单句改错 (2015浙江高考改编)How would you like them if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？No matter where he is, he makes a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.Yesterday, one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still I couldnt find them.【答案】一、单句语法填空it, it, it, it, it, it, It, it二、单句改错them改为it, makes后加it, them改为it归纳总结主格（I, you, he, she, it; we, you, they）：在句中作主语人称代词 宾格（me, you, him, her, it; us, you, them）：在句中作宾语、表语 形容词性（my, your, his, her, its; our, your, their）：在名词前作定语 物主代词 名词性（mine, yours, his, hers, its; ours, yours, theirs）：在句中作主语、宾语、表语 反身代词（myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself; ourselves, yourselves, themselves）：作动词或介词（by, for等）的宾语，或作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，可译为“亲自，本人”，但不可单独作主语 表示两者和多者的不定代词：both, either, neither, all, any, none 表示“另外的”不定代词：other, another, others, the other, the others 表示“一些”的不定代词：some, any 表示“少”的不定代词：a few, a little, few, little 不定代词 表示“多”的不定代词：many, much 表示“每一”的不定代词：every(只能在名词前作定语，强调整体), each(强调个体) 复合不定代词：something, anything, everything, nothing; somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), everybody(everyone), nobody(no one) 替代词：it, that, one, those 指示代词（this, that; these, those）：在句子作主语、宾语、表语、定语 相互代词（each other, one another）：在句子作宾语 疑问代词（who, whom, whose, what, which等）连接代词（详见名词性从句） 关系代词（详见定语从句）5高考链接1. (2017全国卷67)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _every day.2. (2016全国，68) On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by _(it) mother.3. (2016全国，短文改错)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. _4. (2016全国，短文改错)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. _5. (2016全国，短文改错)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself._6. (2016全国，阅读D)No news is good news, and good news is no news. _are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.7. (2016北京，阅读A)For the first time, I feel good about _ (me) because Im doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.8. (2016四川，七选五)Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. However, women, on average, live longer. In general, _can expect to live six or seven years more than men.9. (2016四川，短文改错)When my father came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand._10. (2016浙江，3)In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.11. (2015浙江，12)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?12. (2015重庆，2)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.13. (2015陕西，13)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _.14. (2015四川，10) Niki