高考必考介词的使用课件.ppt

介词Preposition（Prep.）一、定义：用在n.（或相当于n.的其它词类、短语或从句）之前，说明其与句子中另一成分的关系的词，又称前置词。二、分类：3种简单介词（SimplePrepositions）e.g.about,above,behind,besides,down,during,in,near,round,since,towards,with复合介词（CompoundPrepositions）e.g.fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,inside,outside,within,without,into,onto,outof,upon,throughout,短语介词（PhrasalPrepositions）e.g.accordingto,apartfrom（除之外）,asaresultof,asfor/to（至于，关于）,becauseof,dueto（由于）,inadditionto（除之外，不但=besides,infrontof,inspiteof(尽管),insteadof,owingto（由于）,三、常见简单介词的基本用法1.About1)关于，有关Ihavenotheardsomuchabouthim.Idontknowwhatyouretalkingabout.2）差不多，大约e.g.About500Ssattendedthelecture.Aboutwhenwillyougoabroad?3）表示地点：在周围，在附近，各处，到处e.g.Treesareplantedaboutthelake.TheylivesomewhereaboutthePeoplesSquare.Dontleaveyourbooksaboutyourdesk.Ihaventanysmallchangeabout/onme.4）“即将”（近期将来）e.g.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Itsnearly7:00.Thetrainisabouttoleave.,2.above1）在上方e.g.Abirdisflyingabovethewoods.Thereisaportraitabovetheblackboard.2）（在数量上）超过e.g.Themanisnotyetforty,butwellabovethirty.ThenumberofnewSsthisyearisabovefourhundred.3）（能力等）胜过，超越；因太困难、太好而不e.g.Theproblemisaboveme.（这问题太难我不懂。）JohnisabovealltheotherSsinmathematics.,3.across1）在对面/对过e.g.Myunclelivesacrossmyhome.Thereisabookshopacrossthestreet.2）横越，横过e.g.Thelittlegirlhelpedtheblindmanacrosstheriver.Thetalltreefelldownacrossthestreet.3）经过e.g.Therevolutiondevelopedacrossthewholecentury.,4.after1）在后（时间）e.g.Afterwork/class,wewenthomeexcepthim.ThedayaftertomorrowwewillgotoShanghai.2）在的后面（顺序）e.g.Pleaseshut/closethedoorafter/behindyou.3）仿照，按照（引申意义）e.g.Readafterme,please.Rewritethefollowingsentencesafterthemodel.Anewchurchwillbebuiltaftertheoldone.4）追求（引申意义）e.g.Whatareyouafter?Oh,hereisthethingImafter.Ifyourunaftertwohares,youllcatchneither.,5.against1）靠，倚，碰e.g.Therainwasbeatingagainstthewindows.Heputtheladderagainstthewall.Hewasleaningagainstthewindow,reading.Themansawaharerunagainstatree.2）反对，禁止（引申意义）e.g.Weareforpeaceandagainstwar.Isthereanybodyagainstthesuggestion?,3）违反，违背（引申意义）e.g.Thissentenceisagainstgrammar.Intheolddaysgirlsweremarriedagainsttheirownwill.Nobodyshoulddoanythingagainstthelaw.4）顶着，对着e.g.Weplayedthefirsthalf（上半场）againstthewind.Learningislikesailingaboatagainstthecurrent(气流).治学如同逆水行舟。5）防备，准备（引申意义）e.g.Theysavedfirewood（干柴）againstwinter.Manisfightingabattleagainstpollution.,8.around1）在的周围，围绕e.g.Shewearsanecklace/watcharoundherneck/wrist.Theearthturns/goes/travelsaroundthesun.2）在各处e.g.Hedidalotoftravelaroundthecountryduringthesummerholidays.WeshowedourJapanesefriendsaroundourschool.3）大约（时间、数量）e.g.around/aboutthirtyyearsoldAbigelephantmayweigharoundfivetons.4）在那边e.g.Aroundthecornerofthestreet,youllseeasecond-handbookshop.（旧书店）,9.at1）表示时间、地点、价钱、速度、年龄e.g.attenoclockattheschoolattheageof40at(aspeedof)150kilometresanhourPeopleliketobuyeggsfromhimbecausehesellsatalowerprice.Note:表示价格时，at须和price连用，如只说具体价钱，则用。e.g.Iboughtthisdictionaryfor60yuan.2）表示动作之方向、目的：朝，向e.g.Hethrewastoneatadog.Thefoxranattheboy.3）处于某种状态（引申意义）e.g.Thetwocountriesareatwar.4）表示引起某种情绪的原因。e.g.Wearesurprisedatyoursuccess.Theyweresadathearingsuchbadnews.5）在号召，召集，请求下（引申意义）e.g.Hewrotetheletteratourrequest.,11.behind1）在的后面（位置）e.g.Thegarage(车库)isthehouse.Hecameoutfromthedoor.2）迟于，晚于，误时/点e.g.Thetrainisbehindtime.Theplanewastwohourstimebecauseofthestorm.3）劣于，不如，落后e.g.Myoldfatherisbehindthetimes.Becauseofhisillness,heistheothersinhisstudies.,13.beside1）在的旁边e.g.Hesatbesidemeatdinner.Thecityslargeststadiumstandsalake.2）相比（引申意义）e.g.MyEnglishispoorbesideyours.3）离题，与无关e.g.Thisisthetopicfordiscussion.Whatyouaretalkingaboutisthepoint.14.besides除之外（还）e.g.WeallwenttoBeijingourteacher.Ilikemathematics,physics,besidesEnglish.BesidesbeingthelargestcityinChina,Shanghaiisalsothecentreofindustry,education,scienceandculture.,17.but1)除了之外(=except)e.g.Theyalllikedthefilmhim.Noonemewasintheofficejustnow.Ihadnothingintheworldbutamillion-poundnote.Notes:butprep.常与否定词连用;butprep.可跟不定式。e.g.Thehibernatinganimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.,2）用于固定词组中。e.g.cannothelpbutdo不能不；忍不住anythingbut根本不，决不nothingbut只有，只不过是butfor要不是Icouldnothelpbutcry.我忍不住哭了出来。Myincomeisanythingbutlarge.我的收入绝对不能算多。Sheisanythingbuthonest.她决非诚实之辈。Thisisnothingbutajoke.Butforthedoctor,Imighthavediedlongago.,by1)靠近，在旁边e.g.Thenewlibrarystandsbytheriver.Thereisatalltreebytheriver.Hewasstandingbythewindow,reading.2）由旁边经过，路过，沿着e.g.Igobyhisofficeeveryday.Hepassedbymewithoutsayingaword.3）用方法/手段e.g.bybike,train,bus,plane,air,water,seaThelittlematchgirlearnedherlivingbysellingmatches.Riceseedlings(稻秧)usedtobeplantedbyhand.,4）表示程度、尺寸、数量、时间e.g.Heispaidbythehour.Whatsthetimebyyourwatch?Inthe100-metrerace,JohnbeatDickbyashoulder.5）到时候，不迟于e.g.IllreturnthebookstohimbyWednesdaymorning.Hellcertainlycomeby5oclock.Bytheendoflastweek,wehadlearned15units.6）依据，奉命e.g.Neverjudgepeoplebytheirappearance/whattheywear.,7）组成介词短语e.g.byandby（不久）onebyone（一个个地）daybyday（天天不断地）stepbystep（一步步地）sidebyside（肩并肩）littlebylittle（逐渐地）bychance（偶然，碰巧）byheart（默记下来）byoneself（独自地）bytheway（顺便提/问一下）,2019/12/15,18,可编辑,2019/12/15,19,可编辑,down1）往下e.g.Theboyfelldownthestairsandbrokehisarm.Itwasalmostdarkwhenhewentdownthehill.2）updown城市、北、河上游、近处乡村、南、河下游、远处e.g.Theywereswimmingup/downtheriver.IllgouptoTianjintomorrow.Doyouseethemanwalkingdownthestreet?Hesmyuncle.非路面此高彼低，而是那个人离说话人而去。,for1)为了（表示目的，指人、物）e.g.Icamehereformypen.Whatareyoudoingthatfor?Iboughtthewatchformywifesbrotherasapresent.2）赞成，支持（表示同意、愿望等）e.g.Weareforpeaceandagainstwar.3）替，为，对于，供e.g.Iwrotealetterforhim.(Iwrotealettertohim.是何义？)Thatllbebadforyourhealth.4）就而言e.g.Youlookyoungforyourage.,5）表示目的：去，向e.g.Letsgoforawalk/dinner.thetrainforTaiyuan6）限定于，供用的，给的e.g.Theseticketsarefortomorrow.ThereisaTVset,atelephoneandothernecessities.Theyareallforyou.7）当作，作为e.g.Wetookhimforanhonestman.8）由于，因为的缘故e.g.Hewassenttoprisonforstealing.9）Itis/was+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.,in1）在范围和空间内e.g.inavillageinatreeinthebedinthesunintheraininherhandTherearemanyapplesontheappletree.2）表示时间：A.在世纪，年月he20thcenturyinMay,1983inthe1870sNote:inthethirtiesinhisthirtiesA.在30年代在他三十几岁时B.从现在算起若干时间以后。e.g.Hewillcomebackintwoweeks.(howsoon)C.在时间内e.g.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.（英谚:大器晚成）,3）在某种状态、境遇下；穿着某种衣服e.g.Henoddedinsatisfaction.Sheisinwhite/blue/yellow/green/red.4）在方面e.g.ImweakinEnglish.Inbuildingsocialism,weneedtolearngoodexperiencefromothernations.havesome/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doing5）表示方式、手段e.g.inEnglishinpen/pencilwithapen/pencilinabus/trainbybus/trainonhisbike,of1)“的”（所有格）。e.g.thenameofthebookthemapofHangzhouthelegsofthedeskthetailofapig2）表示同位关系。e.g.thecityofRome/Pisa/TianjinImsendingmybestwishestothetwoofyouforahappylife.3）用在表示数量、种类等意义的词组中。e.g.apieceofchalkaglassofbearacupofteaagroupofSsakindoffoodalotoftime,4）表示动宾关系。e.g.ThisbookishelpfultomystudyofEnglish.Parentsloveofchildrenismosttouching.5）用于某些比较级和最高级的结构中。e.g.Ofthetwobrotherswhichisthetaller?在中Ofallthestarsinthesky,thesunisthenearesttous/theearth.6)of与age,height,size,weight,colour连用时可以省略。e.g.Ihaveadaughter(of)yourage.Weare(of)thesameage,height,weight,size.,on1)表示接触（不一定在上面）e.g.Thereareafewfliesontheceiling.Iwanttobeasailorsailingonthesea.2）在某天、某天的早晨、上午、晚上e.g.onSaturday/WednesdayonOct10th,20033）引申意义“在进行中”e.g.onfireonsaleHeisondutynow.TheyareonholidayinDalian.,4）关于，论及e.g.OnPractice实践论abookonEnglish/radioHeisonthecommittee.他是委员会委员之一。（属于）Haveyouanyideaonthesubject?ThisbookisonbasicEnglishgrammar.Alecturewillbegivenonhowtouseprepositions.5）（表示时间）在时候；刚一就e.g.Hesaidhelloonseeingme.Onhearingthenews,theyjumpedwithjoy.Onhis(Kuntas)arrivalhewassoldtoafarmerandworkedinthefields.,to1）（表示方向）向，往；（针）对e.g.Itookmydaughtertothezooyesterday.Japanis/liestotheeastofChina.thewaythefactoryfallthegroundturntheleft2）到，迄（表示时间、数量、范围、程度）e.g.aquartertoninetothisday(直到今天)Ithinkheis(from)30to35.,3）（表示对比；比较）比；对e.g.tentoone十比一；十有八九2isto6as3isto9.二比六等于三比九。4）按照，适合；伴随音乐e.g.maketoones(own)measure按照某人（自己）的尺寸做Shesangtothepiano.Theydancedtothemusic.Incompetitionswomenperformsomeoftheirexercisestomusic,sodance,gymnasticsandmusicareallconnected.,under1）在下面（）e.g.Hestoodunderatree.bookunderarm2）在领导，指导，统治，控制之下e.g.UnderthecorrectleadershipoftheParty,thelifeoftheChinesepeopleisgettingbetterandbetter.Theymadeasuccessfulexperimenttheguidanceoftheirteacher.3）（表示主语状况、状态）在修理、建造、治疗中e.g.underrepairunderconstruction.undertreatmentunderdiscussion.4）不到（表示年龄、数量等）e.g.Thegirlisunder10yearsold.,up(与down反义)1）向上e.g.Seeingalargebearcomingtowardshim,themanquicklyclimbedupatree.Hewentupthehilltoseethefamouschurch.2）updown城市、北、河上游、近处乡村、南、河下游、远处e.g.WefirstvisitedNanjing,andthenwentuptheGuangzhou-BeijingRailwayLine.Justthen,theysawacarracingattopspeeduptheroad.（汽车迎着他们飞驰而来。）,with1）用（工具、器械等）e.g.Mostpeoplewritewiththeirrighthand.Inthisway,theykilledtwobirdswithonestone.Hewrotetheletterwithapen/pens.(具体工具)inpen.（原材料）2）和，与，同e.g.Yesterdayhewenttothecinemahisfather.3）穿，戴，有e.g.