自考00015英语二重点语法复习笔记.doc

.虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现象中真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真实条件中，包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到if这个词，如果我们在句子中看到if引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为虚拟语气。如果句子中出现了wish这个词，我们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish如果在句子中表达的是与现在事实相反的结果，如果考系动词，一定要选择were；如果没有系动词，只是一个简单的动词，那么我们要选择它的过去式；第二，如果wish表达的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用had+过去分词（或would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果wish表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could, might)+动词原形。看几个例子：I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用were.I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，所以虚拟， 虚拟应该用动词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式had been done）.I wish you would go with us tomorrow.表达的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用would+ to 的形式。实战一下：A: You have made some mistakes.B:I wish I_ mistakes every day.A. dont make B. havent c. wouldnt have made D. didnt makeevery day 足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选D。A：What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?B: Thats very hard to say, but I wish I_A. have not studied psychology B. did study psychology C. had studied psychology D. studied psychology句子中出现了were ,说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选C。I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_ there. A. went B. was C. were D. had been 句子中出现了动词的过去式didnt go to, 说明是对过去的虚拟，选择过去完成式，选D。if only 在虚拟语气中的解题技巧它表示的是“要是就好了”。从这种翻译的语意当中我们可以体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要用动词的过去式，如果表示对过去没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面的考点一定要用动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有被动语态的情况，小心！）举例： If only I could speak several foreign languages! 这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过去完成形式。Look at the terrible situation（局面） I am in ! If only I_ your advice.A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed解析：从句意中我们体会到，这人的做法是没有听他的的意见。应选B（动词的过去完成式）If only I_ the examination!A. have passed B. pass C. will pass D. passed解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。可以体会出是对现在/未来的虚拟，选D。If only she _of Aunt Ruth!（露丝）A. was not so terribly frightened（害怕） B. would be so not terribly frightenedC. will not be so terribly frightened D. were not so terribly frightened解析：虚拟语气中be 的用法仅为were/should be 形式，不可能出现is/was/has/will/shall等形式。排除A和C，那么if only 后面 有两种动词形式可以出现：过去式和过去完成式，选择D。If only I_ how to operate a computer!A. learned B. would learn C. have learned D. had learned解析：排除B和C，说话人对自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选D。记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考查你知不知道这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚拟的状态。当然，这些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的过去式出现，后面都接that从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要求你来选择或填写从句中的虚拟动词状态。我们称之为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚拟考点，这些词包括suggest（建议）,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,order,promise,ask ,move,recommend,advise,urge,demand,instruct,direct,provide,etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应立即反应出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形do (当然包括被动状态be done,这要根据具体的句意来定，通常可以这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填do/be done;如果横线前面是物，不是人，那肯定填写be done).They requested that he sing a song。我们必须首先发现requested, 看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形动词，只不过可以是主动，可能是被动。She insisted that the seats be booked in advance. 首先发现insisted.实战：The city council ordered spitting_ on the streets.A. was prohibited(禁止) B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibiting解析：虽然ordered 后面没有that ,被动，选C。The teacher recommended（推荐） that Jack _D_ maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers.A. must study B. could study C. studied D. studyThe doctor urged（催促） that she _C_ an operation as early as possible. A. had B. has C. have D. would haveThe manager of the hotel requested that their guests _ after 11:00p.m. A. not to play loud music B. shouldnt play loud music C. dont play loud music D couldnt loud music解析：选B，should既可以省略，也可以添加。He suggested _D _to tomorrows exhibition(展览) together. A. us to go B. we went C. we shall go D. we go一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横线前面的那个词多为第三人称he/she/Jack人名等。回顾：m6f36556871.If only I _D_ there. 华夏大地教育网V)Q4uGy#5GX#ga. have not been b. would not been 4N%ErwBEQ3655687 华夏大地教育网9c;N7E8c%c. will not be d. had not beenM.O ? gs9R&cF;T$C(i3655687!P J%j:a*R5d q1G3655687解析:答案正确.这明显是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成,恭喜恭喜!华夏大地教育网W*IywU9ni z2.Tom would buy that bicycle but he _c_ no money. _i?s BR%P YUa4J3655687a. had b. has c. had had d. has had+AT Op+zJ.y3655687 华夏大地教育网$_|Ae+解析:这题就考虑歉佳了,首先不能考虑B和D,因为前面有would,同时它是对过去的虚拟啊,用过去完成.选C.3. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _C_ there.华夏大地教育网K4qn Ma. was b. were c. had been d. went7k$NxVr63gF3655687E zmL)N#|G;L3655687解析:答案正确.前面出现didnt,说明是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!华夏大地教育网 z#j6K|I4. It is time we _B_ up our results.华夏大地教育网6E b TH:xa. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum华夏大地教育网1LQ,m*d)kS wm1CN3655687解析:答案正确.前面出现了熟悉的句型,It is time that,后面一定要用过去式,恭喜恭喜!D2c$xN0c(fDj;CC3655687华夏大地教育网T#H! q$E5.Dr Bethune( 白求恩) worked hard as if he _B_.华夏大地教育网+V S!D_5lj Y.z0jua. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired 0n v1GOp36556875b9S/mSb8f,Mj B3655687c. never felt tired d . was tired never华夏大地教育网0m,m!mz&w Ux7I华夏大地教育网l*S2eUJx解析:答案正确.前面出现worked,后面一定是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!(U b?Lq7x3655687华夏大地教育网2d(YQ%bDku6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _D_ the book from which it was made.)g4Nr)w,mO#A3655687a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had readMj Qf;i.3655687 华夏大地教育网8VUq1M#|si:解析:答案正确.从句意分析wish后是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.况且另三个答案A,B,C从形式上都不符合虚拟语气的要求!恭喜恭喜!华夏大地教育网 j8C9U+T9MoI(Zw%UEf1F&v6XY4c;I36557. It is strange that such a thing _C_ in your school.LV$W9O(j*K9i3655687a.will happen b. happens c. should happen 2u.nQ2v ?Xdab3655687U0ljtG(AA+p3655687d. happened华夏大地教育网d4i&j7 l _GK/_LIYqv%X.R3655687解析:答案正确.前面出现熟悉的形容词strange,后面一定用(should)+动词原形.恭喜恭喜!)jF%G |7n3Hh;r3655687华夏大地教育网 p%O;B65u8.If she could sew,_B_.？华夏大地教育网T w8H:g8m)K.Uv a. she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt华夏大地教育网*reb X$SSQ$NEu c.she will make a shirtd. she would had made a coat)d_y CJ3655687 华夏大地教育网k(m$6;Gsm J解析:这题做得有些眼睛发花了吧!你的答案D中出现的是would had,这怎么可能呢?怎么可能是had呢?would后面怎么着也是动词原形吧!你肯定一激动,看见了答案中有过去不可能完成事实的虚拟would have,正确的答案应该是B.小心啊!这可是1分啊!你已经认识到了事物的本质,可决策做得不够细致!不过,值得鼓励!华夏大地教育网7g&w,G4yE&U-rl华夏大地教育网W(t oO&l!v4a(m79. “Did you notice John was not at work today?”t%?-j!h3655687“No. If _C_ working, I would have noticed it.” 9|c f8c4T3655687a.Id be b. I wasnt c. Id been d. werent华夏大地教育网 SW M-AT1UY1w:(v 3655687解析:这题又眼花了!怎么回事?别经常激动啊!后面出现would have,前面肯定是had(been),怎么选A去了!选C.华夏大地教育网.Rx9phiP/i1R nr z;R36556810.“Why dont you explain it to her?”华夏大地教育网:f/d)f,LD“I _A_ it to her if I thought she would understand.”华夏大地教育网8Nby| b&mj a.would explain b. will explain c. explain华夏大地教育网f*XWYE+T%d. would have explained 华夏大地教育网_pL7Iy1_VW c(V-P%d#!w3655687 华夏大地教育网5pk JN8ldx解析:这题又晕了!它说的含义是我本来可以向她解释的,这是对过去事实相反的虚拟句子,应该选D.况且后面有would。fXVt!CB E3655687 #x*z%,Rso:V3655687通过这位学友的做题方式和解题思路,我已经看到了大家战胜虚拟语气的信心和曙光,大家对于有些题目的做题技巧很迅速,但并不细致和完整,不过,照此思路坚持下去,你说以后还有必要做虚拟部分的练习吗?速度+耐心细致=80%成功,那20%呢?运气!华夏大地教育网1w&I G&SJd D.r华夏大地教育网VhBDE9f!Ft华夏大地教育网5M8weO.su#用在一些名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，这些词包括：necessary,imperative（命令）,important,essential（要素、必要的）,advisable（可取的、明智的）,ordered,proposed（推荐）,desired（渴望）,requested,suggested（建议）,recommended（劝告）,demanded（要求、询问）,decided(用于主语从句中，形式为It is .that),order,instruction,motion（移动）,advice,demand,necessity, decision（决定n）,proposal(提出),requirement, idea,recommendation,request,plan,desire等（用于同位语从句或表语从句），这时谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。 练习：It is necessary that some immediate effort（努力、成就） _(made).解析：前面出现了necessary that,后面肯定虚拟了，用原形。或者再一看横线前不是人，填原形的被动be made2k%F;Am#Ly3655687华夏大地教育网,pBu tIt is necessary that a university student _B_at least one for foreign language. A. maintains B. maintain C. will maintain D shall maintainIt is recommened that the project _B_ until all the preparations have been made.A. is not started B. not be started C. will not be started D. is not to be startedI dont think it advisable that Tom _to the job since he has no experience. A.is assigned B. will be assigned C, be assigned D. has been assigned（分配）答案：前面出现advisable that ,后面原形，被动，选C。“What are the qualifications of a good teacher?”（资格、学历） “It is essential that he _A_strict with his students.”A. be B. will be C. can be D. could be 所谓同位语从句，简单地说，就是前面出现了一个名词，而后面的从句内容是对前面名词的再解释和体现。当然这些名词也很好记，把那些需要记住的动词和形容词就行了。如：require-requirement,recommendrecommendation等。表语从句类推。He issued the order that the troops（军队）_ (withdraw撤回) at once. 解析：前面出现order that ,后面原形，填写withdraw.It is my desire that all the members of the family _ (gather聚集) once a year.回顾：The local（地方的）health organization is reported _C_ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. （总统） i0E_FE(w1ao9CQ3655687A. to be set up B. being set up 华夏大地教育网5K mXTm#q C. to have been set up D. having been set up解析:学员选的是D.我们来分析一下.地方保健组织据报道25年前就成立了.首先你应弄清楚组织成立在前,还是据报道在前?肯定是成立在前吧.只有成立了才能被报道啊!这里一定有完成.排除A,B.另外,report后要求用动词不定式样结构,所以选C.Although the lecture（讲座） had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_C_. tT-UWF3655687 华夏大地教育网6mm*I#wp uA. to sitBfor to sit on Cto sit on Dfor sitting 0p-O3Xs(z?3655687 华夏大地教育网 p%?X,AR)T8n解析:sit是不及物动词,你还记得有个词组sit down吗?后面应该有个介词给予搭配,因此选C.华夏大地教育网jkF$Gi%9K jLots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _A_.华夏大地教育网VZv3e:z7I fD9we$e;*pm8y3655687A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk 华夏大地教育网PX w%.u| 解析:这是一个习惯用语,have nothing but do,通过这个结构,我们可以自然而然地解出答案是A.;VA7u Zw(i9m3655687EC-zS.x |3655687华夏大地教育网 t4v z)Ct/oU/F ma It is(high, about)time句型后用虚拟语气，这时谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。华夏大地教育网,v,E8d!H;E/F例：It is high time that we were off.b8?:qppY3655687 It is high time that somebody taught you to behave（表现v） yourself.华夏大地教育网7n P c4Z4r4o)u*s实战一下，你觉得快不快！华夏大地教育网$v.z8f/zR TI4_It is time A about the traffic problem downtown（市中心的）.华夏大地教育网,E Dz1nVA.something was done B. anything will be done C. everything is done D. nothing to be done华夏大地教育网w*nM-wYE6cbR!e-U,m解析：前面见到了It is time that.后面考点一定是动词的过去式，但要注意有的句子里会有被动情况发生，需要小心！选A。华夏大地教育网 )Z0j+wRKIts already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time C ?1x F3|1OZ/OI!O3655687 A. we are going home B. we go home C. we went home D.we can go home华夏大地教育网QVv+WPTd J7T0kIt is high time we A drug (毒品)trafficking（非法交易）.NR$J;J7H*J k3655687 A. did away with B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with&p%J9WnwqOKUy3655687 解析：看清楚了吗？只有A和C符合条件，在头脑中搜搜词组搭配，选A。Everybody has arrived. Its time we D the meeting.(YAv1uOAZx3655687 A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started在for fear that, in order that, in case,lest引导的目的状语从句中， 谓语动词一般用should(could, might)+动词原形。华夏大地教育网iV AKSHe reminded her twice of it lest she (should) forget. (remind:提醒)Jnb:q:j7e.g53655687I will not make a noise for fear that I (should, might) disturb you.华夏大地教育网S/|!mgi4SlThe students are working hard for fear that they B in the exam.华夏大地教育网0kHYPiK2TIh tA. will fail B. should fail C. failed D. fails华夏大地教育网Ma9(Gsq Q.sZT(k解析：见到for fear that，后面原形，选B。注意有时可能出现被动。Youd better take an umbrella （伞）with you in case it A .华夏大地教育网+v:XVP!rjA. should rain B. will rain C. have rained D. can rain华夏大地教育网?6d2vP.SSThe mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he A himself.华夏大地教育网m&B;PCA. injure（伤害） B.had injured C.injured D.would injure华夏大地教育网b Q&YrE2RzTony doesnt dare（ 敢） to leave the house in case B .1l Et:M y3655687A.he will recognize B.he should be recognized（认出） C.he is recognized D.he recognizes华夏大地教育网U lC$f pqSinclair is working hard for fear that he C .l NX?T.nX,2v3655687 A. fell behind B.may fall behind C.should fall behind D.would fall behind华夏大地教育网*|KB%|M6T1、以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式，表示与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词。表示将来的可能性不大，用would(might, could)+动词原形(后面这个考试中不经常出现，但不怕一万，就怕万一)。He talks as if he knew all about it.(因为前面有talks，说明是对现在的虚拟,后面应用过去时)。华夏大地教育网.F,q*t:eL|:AI feel as if we had known each other for years.(句意很简单，同时有明显的时间状语for years，说明对过去的虚拟，后面用过去完成时)。It isnt as if he were poor.(前面出现isnt，说明对现在的虚拟，后面用过去时，同时注意：系动词be在虚拟语气里不可能出现is/was，只能用were或原形be动词)。g4 KR7U4K3655687JJjdF_)L3655687ojf5D#u3655687E0IjgAC9Hq x8z3655687She speaks English as if she C an Englishman.1;b0x#EL-vss n365568A. be B. is C. were D. is being 前面动词现在时，后面用过去时，选C。Franklin looked as though he D ill for a long time.华夏大地教育网 /C RRZA. was B. were C. has been D. had been 前面动词过去时，后面过去完成时，选D。Kitty talks as if she B on the spot.(场所、斑点)华夏大地教育网i)Xb43T5i.wA. is B.were C.has been D.beJeff looked as if he C a ghost. U,_;Z$4Gh3655687A. saw B.has seen C.had seen D.would seewould rather后用虚拟语气。华夏大地教育网|(wU0g0t P$我教你一招：你一旦看到了这样的句型：would rather+人/that从句时(必须要有人或that从句，否则后面+动词原形/完成形式，形成would rarher do/would rather have done句型)，后面考点一定用动词过去时。华夏大地教育网J4d(Ns ?Id much rather that you tomorrow than today.wEJd )P)k(3655687 A. came B. will come C. had come D. is coming#x;j7c2wYI(AW|3655687 ：看见了would rather+you，后面选动词过去时，选A。华夏大地教育网1RT*ul%Ej9R(XId rather you C make any comment(注释) on the issue for the time being.Ri Q!9xA$D2d1l3655687 A. dont B.wouldnt C.didnt D.shouldnt华夏大地教育网_F0OW8N5qId rather you B anything about it for the time being.1Vo*cuq9X365568A.say B.didnt say C.dont say D.not sayId rather you B about it for the time being.华夏大地教育网1u,V W0LS*8m3M7KA.dont think B.didnt think C.would not think D.had not thought华夏大地教育网*X0fc(XThe manager would rather that his wife B work in the same office as he does.*F1m4H$Wv2zB3655687 A. does not B.did not C.would not D.will not华夏大地教育网,bB1 d r2k英语二考试的重中之重的考点华夏大地教育网s*Hkx y/k;非真实if条件句中的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反华夏大地教育网ig(lL7E Du$;c句型：If+主语+动词ed+,主语+would(should ,could, might)+动词原形华夏大地教育网tG9Z.Z;Z属于与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句(句中的be动词，不管主语的人称是单或复数，一律用were)。记住：如果这部分句型中有be，前面不管是单数还是复数If I knew his address, I would write to him.华夏大地教育网0c qTFlhp)OIf it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.(对未来的虚拟)华夏大地教育网 KN tk4,h(nLo!If the sea 500 feet, India would become an island.华夏大地教育网a*O#K_9,wA. is to rise B. has risen C. were risen D. were to rise解析：看到主句中出现了would(是词的过去时)，证明这将是非真实条件句，需要用虚拟语气的形式。同时发现答案中有be，那么选D。可千万别选C啊，那样不就成了过去形式的被动语态啦。 right now,she would get there on Sunday.华夏大地教育网Gvj z w9*UztA. Would she leave B.If she leaves C.Were she to leave D.If she had left华夏大地教育网c._ h/Y2y解析：分析如上题一样，看到后面would，该怎么办？对了，说明对现在的虚拟(right now)，选C。这道题省略了if，把Were提前了。非真实if条件句中的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反华夏大地教育网&%?,_F.G句型：If+主语+had+动词ed, 主语+would(should, could, might)+have+动词2ed 用再糙点儿话：一看到这种复合句，前面有had(been)done，后面那句话里面一定考would have(been)done;如果前面出现would have(been)done,后面一定考had(been)done。时刻关注一下是否有被动的含义！If I had known your address, I would have written to you.Had he worked harder, he the exam.华夏大地教育网E;Rf2o4 ?aA. must have got through B. could get through C. would get through D. would have got through解析：前面出现了had，中间有逗号，后面一定考什么来着？对了，一定有would have(been)done，选D。我又省略了if，你发现了吗？我把Had 提前了。i;WU-x/O+x36The millions of calculations( 计算)involved（有关联的）, had they been done by hand, all practical （实践的）value（价值） by the time they were finished.华夏大地教育网ZP D0uz d&(F%pKA. could lose B. might lose C. would have lost D. ought to have lost华夏大地教育网/) f,K;Zt u q)Dz解析：横线前面出现了had been，后面一定考would have(been)done，选C。又省略if啦，我的马甲又脱啦！If the whole operation beforehand(事先),a great deal of time and money would have been lost.VIQH;Q/x3655687 A.was not planned B.has not been planned ;n60L|;o1dvd3655687 C.had not been planned D.were not plannedkL+DV.I 3655687 解析：后面出现would have been，前面该啥来着？恭喜你，选C。Had he worked harder,he B the exams.CT,E rU:h.LY3655687A. must have got through B.would have got through C.would get through)A0M$a,n+dN3655687 D.could get through华夏大地教育网9ru | r4f?-r! G- for your laziness,you could have finished the assignment by now.:TJ(oX0u3655687A. Had it not been B.It were not C.werent D.Had not it been华夏大地教育网row&QJk解析：后面出现could have been，前面一定出现？恭喜你，选A。千万别被D骗了，只有have和it形成了倒装，否定词not不动原来的位置(原句正常的句型应该是：If it had not been.)以“未来不太可能发生的事”为条件的虚拟条件句华夏大地教育网vX0P1p/K句型：If +主语+should+动词原形, 主语+should(would, could, might)+动词原形+N&4pX3vB*B&Y3655687 这种题考察的频率不高，大家可给予一般性了解。i U ht3Qs0e/W7A3655687 If it tomorrow, I would not go.J*ZI?g3655687 A. should rain B. would rain C. will rain D. is going to rain华夏大地教育网I)R m n:q解析：您可别前后句同时出现would/should，怎么着也得插开啦啊！选A。华夏大地教育网t4ul)YI,表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件华夏大地教育网&ra)a)t3JjdaOg句型：If +主语+were to+动词原形, 主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形（无论主语人称是什么，一律接were to）。华夏大地教育网fv0f1Q+G%aIf the sun A in the west, I would follow you.华夏大地教育网V u%Lgg&_ eA. were to rise B. was to rise C. had risen D. would rise华夏大地教育网JEcP O+Q;Q不定式的完成时用在intend, mean, plan, suppose等动词后，表示原打算做而实际上未能做成的事；“need+have+done”表示有必要做的事。6p9d6k%v8z+K gHB3655687 Mr. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.华夏大地教育网 |q.P !| NW:J,t9ZA. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left华夏大地教育网N Co,G解析：suppose本身后面就应该接to，同时last week告诉我们：这件事情本来应该做，但实际上没做成，来吧！选A。You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.(ln7z.q noK3655687A. neednt have done B. must not have done C. shouldnt