（计算机软件与理论专业论文）rss+reader+for+the+elearning.pdf

上海交通大学硕士学位论文 rss reader for the e-learning abstract the development of technology and information science is changing our lives rapidly. education field is trying to change to meet the changes and demands of the times. one of the most important breakthrough changes since the popularization of internet is e-learning using educational web and it has become part of regular education. especially, with the rapid development of multimedia processing technology, e-learning in multimedia environment is considered the education form for next generation and it is applied to education in diverse forms. e-learning is a teaching-learning system that allows various learning experiences through education service to anyone, anytime, anyplace via the internet and electronic media, self directed learning and interactions for the purposes of qualitative improvement of higher education, creation and sharing of knowledge in knowledge based society, establishment of learning community, and realization of learner-oriented learning system. in this thesis, we introduced rss technology, which structures summary information using xml and provides it as independent data to the e-learning system. this study presented solutions for the problems of online education and more developed teaching-learning environment by using the rss technology. in addition, this study developed a rss reader, a medium between the user and the system for more effective and convenient use of the e-learning system. keywords: e-learning, rss, web 2.0 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 82 - 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 83 - 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 1 - 1. introduction 1.1 necessity and purpose of research the development of technology and information science is changing our lives rapidly. education field is trying to change to meet the changes and demands of the times. one of the most important breakthrough changes since the popularization of internet is e-learning using educational web and it has become part of regular education. especially, with the rapid development of multimedia processing technology, e-learning in multimedia environment is considered the education form for next generation and it is applied to education in diverse forms. e-learning is a type of education that occurs via network and involves and promotes interactions. if there is internet access, e-learning, also referred to as web-based training, is anywhere, anytime, self-paced instruction that is presented over the internet to browser-equipped learners 1. at the beginning, the development of e-learning system focused on authoring tools and various multimedia technologies (graphic, slide, and voice) and object based technology were integrated. however, there were no content standards. as a result, content was not compatible and it was difficult to manage continuously increasing content. to process enormous amount of web content more effectively, content management system (cms) is applied to the education system and learning content management system (lcms) is created. the number of students and teachers as well as the amount of online education content is increasing rapidly. therefore, it is difficult to manage them individually. as a result, research is underway to develop intelligent tutoring system, which is based on learners response theory, into education expert system using certain rules 3. with spread of internet and ubiquitous environment, e-learning is trying to adjust to the changes in educational media caused by rapid development of information and communication technology. e-learning used to be restricted by space and media, but it is 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 2 - evolving into education that is integrated into daily life(calm technology) and possible anytime, anyplace, using any device(computing everywhere) in the invisibly connected computing environment(connected device)2. free and convenient education environment not restricted by content or terminals is formed and education is changing from instructor-centered learning to learner-centered learning, i.e. from tutors knowledge delivery to learners self learning. therefore, technology that enables various learners to learn according to their individual needs is necessary. this study researches and presents rss based content suitable for the changing e-learning environment. this study aims effective management of large quantity of content and data compatibility between multimedia in the ubiquitous environment by using rss techniques. in addition, an effective communication method between e-learning users is presented and a rss reader, the base of content that provides individualized tutoring and learning environment is provided. 1.2 organization of this study chapter 1 discusses the background and the necessity and purpose of research. chapter 2 discusses the definition of e-learning and its advantages and disadvantages over offline education; the status of e-learning system in other countries, and successful and failed cases and the reasons; web 2.0, the base of rss technology, and the concept and development of blog, for which rss technology is used actively; blog as an educational medium with the examples of blog used for education; the potential of blog as a substitute for the board of e-learning web site; the concept of rss reader and important conditions for its development; types of rss reader; and the framework of rss reader to be developed in this study. chapter 3 discusses the details of rss reader design. through literature review, conditions for the development of rss reader and the roles that it expected are discussed and the structure of e-learning to be developed is presented with a figure. chapter 4 presents the rss reader developed for e-learning environment. it also presents major codes and presents, evaluates, and analyzes rss reader screens. rss 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 3 - reader is developed in the .net framework 2.0 environment using c# code. lastly, chapter 5 presents the results of this study, expected effects, and the direction for future research. 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 4 - 2. theoretical background 2.1 e-learning increased number of networks accelerated the establishment of information society and affected education. especially, distance education is more than a combination of traditional education and computer and communication technology. a new form of education, e-learning emerged from the following tree changes 4. first, the change to new social environment, such as knowledge based society and digital learning environment. second, the development of information and communication technology due to the expansion of internet and the establishment of broadband high speed communication network. third, the change of education paradigm from instructor-oriented education to learner-oriented education, two-way learning between instructor and learner, and self initiated learning. traditional offline education is done one time only at a set time and place. e-learning is more competitive than traditional offline education as the learners can get individualized content at anytime and anyplace repeatedly through the internet 5. 2.1.1 concept of e-learning the development of information and communication technology based on computers and network brought on the internet. with the use of the internet as a new educational medium, education is changing toward different direction qualitatively. in these changes, e-learning has been established as a new educational concept that combined education and network technology. 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 5 - it is not clear who used the term “e-learning” first. but, “distance education: a system view” a book written by moore and kearsley(1995), talks about e-learning and its prospect. the first institution that utilized e-learning earnestly was alberta university in canada, which established internet learning environment solution for a pilot education course in the spring semester of 1998 in cooperation of webct and sun microsystem. it was the starting point of web based e-learning. the term “e-learning” is defined differently according to the point of view or context and there is no consensus on the definition. the word, e-learning means electronic based learning. electronic base means web environment 6. in other words, it is a learning system that is based on electrically connected learning media and computer and uses cd-rom and network, such as lan and internet, as intermediates (clark harasi,1990; romiszowski,1997; bannan over 2.5) and 3 year job experience at the minimum. b) fernuniversitat in hagen (www.fernuni-hagen.de/) it was established in 1974. it aims to provide distance education by combining the traditional university curriculum established by the federal republic government with the technical university curriculum, diverse supplemental services for research, and accommodate more students in the german university system. with the digital university platform developed on its own, it manages students and courses and provides all university functions on line through the new information and communication technology. it receives supports from the government for the development of multimedia content and establishment of simultaneous and non simultaneous education system, etc. c) athabascau university, canada (www.athabascau.ca) 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 17 - it was established by alberta provincial government to resolve the gap in educational opportunities caused by time, space, education experience, and income constraints, and improve the quality of instruction and research. it offers over 60 programs and 500 courses including bachelors, masters, and non degree programs. individualized-study accounts for 87%, e-study, 1%, and group-study, 11%. it operates virtual teaching and learning community(vital). to prevent drop out, it operates 2 local academic centers and 1 branch and provides tutorial services. most students are canadians, americans, or mexicans. d) california state university, fresno digital campus (/digitalcampus/) 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 18 - this university has established a digital campus, which is a typical e-learning support center. it provides online support for the courses offered, secures high quality content, establishes systematic support system, and improves the quality of bachelors and masters programs. 95% of the students are enrolled in e-learning courses. to induce instructors participation, it gives support for seminar participation, royalty for developed courses, and graded development support according to evaluation. it tries to secure excellent personnel for e-learning and provide high quality service. e) stanford center for professional development (/) 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 19 - this center provides services to students, alumni, engineers, managers, and people who want to study engineering. it uses learning module system which allows students to structure his or her own courses, more choices through program reorganization, close cooperation with companies, and use of diverse instruction methods. it has established partnership with 450 companies and government organizations and recruits more than 5,000 students every year. f) center for advanced educational services(caes) at mit: ) 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 20 - it was established to become the mit hub for distance education, media research, production and delivery of technology-oriented education media, and continuing education, and improve the quality of lessons provided by existing courses. it has established various education models from the research and education service perspective and it provides continuing education opportunities to students, engineers, and managers. it is working hard to accommodate students demands by utilizing knowledge update system, which is short web based education material suitable for distance training. all classes and seminars are digitalized using mit opencourseware (/inde.html) and anyone can download all mit course material(tests, assignments, and other material) free of charge. g) office of technology for education at carnegie mellon university (/teaching/) 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 21 - it was established to help students and professionals in the information and communication engineering field to review what they learned. it provides free classes to anyone through open learning initiative(/oil/) like mit and many other engineering schools. most courses are certificate courses, and it grants certificates and degrees only after students complete online and offline classes. same quality programs are offered to american and foreign students. classes are conducted using computer based video lecture system. it is successful because competitive existing courses have been developed into online courses and the universitys name is well recognized. h) shanghai jiao tong university e-learning labs “network education college” (http:/ 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 22 - as a leading laboratory in china, the e-learning lab of shanghai jiao tong university put its main effort at making e-learning into a practical and efficient method for education. network education college of shanghai jiao tong university is an important example. this platform enhances a lot of new features, such as on-line broadcast for real-time courses, mobile access to the web resource (m-learning), immediate and frequent update for new course information, etc. m-learning is a novel innovation for e-learning, since nowadays the mobile advice becomes a normal tool for communication and can be adapted for education naturally. the website classifies the various courses into several programs, including computer science, foreign language, business management, economy and fundamental science. the students are very easy to access the program they are interested. i) tsinghua university digital campuss “tsinghua web school” and “the school of continuing education” ( 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 23 - tsinghua web school was established to provide bachelors and masters programs online. more than 50 courses are offered and about 10,000 students are enrolled. the school of continuing education provides continuing, distance, and professional education to the general public. services are provided to all areas in china using internet, satellite digital, and cable tv and 114 offline education centers are located in 31 areas. it is operated independently without any help from companies and school operation policy is very important for distance education. credits are transferred between tsinghua university, beijing university, shanghai jiaotong university, and beijing youdian university through a consortium. another type of partial use of e-learning is a consortium of universities. many such consortiums have been established in the u.s. and canada. recently, the range of cooperation has expanded to the world and its forms are diverse. examples of successful consortiums are as follows; southern regional educational board (sreb: ), 262 universities in 16 southern states in the u.s. are participating in it. ut tele-campus (the university of texas system: a non profit organization formed by 8 state universities in texas. canadian virtual university 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 24 - (www.cvu-uvc.ca), a portal site formed by 11 universities in canada to improve access to programs offered by each university. universitas 21 (), a consortium of 16 universities in 8 countries in north america and asia. ecollege (), a nasdaq organization that provides financial and technical supports for online education courses for 150 universities in the u.s. and sakai project(), a spontaneous consortium of famous universities with e-learning experiences such as michigan, indiana, mit, and stanford for continuous learning, instruction, and research using effective and economic methods. consortiums advantages are more choices for students and cost reduction for member institutions. the lms programs and content cost a lot of money to develop. members of a consortium can share this cost and e-learning and technology development personnel. its disadvantages include possible conflicts in the process of consortium establishment and a lot of initial cost and efforts needed to establish linked administrative systems. 2) success factors success factors in e-learning found through cases can be classified into the following four aspects. a) success factors in e-learning from system innovation aspect smooth transition from work to school: professional-oriented content and operation strategy is developed and used to recruit adult students by using e-learning and reinforcing academy and industry cooperation. consortium of universities: resources is used more effectively by forming a consortium to reduce the costs needed for the development of lms programs and content. department and personnel in charge of e-learning: e-learning department is established or an external is employed to manage e-learning and e-learning personnel is assigned to research continuously. open degree courses linked to offline courses: the universities succeeded in e-learning are well recognized universities and they offer degree and professional programs linked to existing offline programs. b) success factors in e-learning from curriculum innovation aspect 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 - 25 - specialization of curriculum and thorough quality management: curriculums are developed and provided to meet the demands of students and external organizations (companies, schools, and public agencies) and human resources and curriculums of well known universities are used. o