北京理工大学软件硕士研究生自主招生入学考试英语作文参考资料.doc

1.根据下面曲线图，以Car Explosion in China为题，描述我国近10年来私人拥有小汽车情况，说明人们生活的水平的变化和你的看法。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数 。词数：100左右。Car Explosion in ChinaAs is vividly described in the table above， great changes in car ownership have taken place in China over past decade. The number of private cars has accordingly increased nearly 7 times from more than 2 million in 1996 to over 14 million in 2006. Whats the reason？There are two main factors for these changes. To begin with， development in economy plays a vital role in these years. The higher incomes results in Chinese peoples owning private cars. Whats more， in modern society， time means money， many Chinese need a car to do business on time.In my view， however， the car explosion will constantly increase year by year， a large number of social problems such as traffic jams， among other things， are turning up nearly every city in China. Growth Explosion in Chinese Car MarketChina Overtakes Rest of World in Demand For Cars China beats recession by selling cars? Absolutely. Earlier this year, the performance of the new car market in China hit a new high, with 1.1 million vehicles sold per month and a growth of 5.1% year-on year-compared to 2008. China is now the fastest-growing car market in the world, and the Chinese car makers look at 2010 with excitable hope of rapid production (An Conghui, Vice Pres. Geely Motors).Chinese Car Market GrowthThe 13th Shanghai International Automotive Industry Exhibition, as its prophetically titled, has been a coincidental blessing for China. The show marked the beginning of a new epoch in which the Chinese car market has seen demand overtake that of America and Europe. As Western manufacturers and suppliers struggle under the burden of increasing buyer empathy and financial fear, Chinas domestic market booms to the sounds of defiance and opportunism. What was long thought to be a relatively non-essential market for the big players has morphed into a swelling opportunity for selling mid-market and luxury product.Chinese Government Stimulates BuyersThe Chinese government can take some credit for keeping their domestic demand strong, as it offers tax cuts and incentivised purchase for fuel-efficient cars and buyers in outlying areas. Because of the nature of the home market, Chinese manufacturers account for some 25% of all vehicles sold there. It is higher up the food chain where gaps in the prestige sector enable the Western car makers to get a foothold. This may now be set to change. China is proud of its resilience in the face of massive decline in demand for traditional exports, and it is not keen for its slice of its automotive pie to disappear westwards. The bigger Chinese players have until recently focused on cheap runabout offerings to city dwellers with limited disposable income. This probably explains why you have never heard of car makers Brilliance, Chery or Geely. They are certainly doing the right thing in up-selling higher end cars to their established market before trying to export to other countries. Regardless that buyers are more educated and open-minded than at any point in history, brand cachet still counts for a lot. Badge goes hand in hand with perceived quality, and the Chinese makers do not have either outside of the protection of their home market.Wider View of China Beating RecessionOne high-ranking executive for a hitherto unnamed Japanese giant said that the Chinese cars have a reputation for poor reliability and quality, and this will be the reason why they will not succeed beyond their own borders. Another issue is one of residual values. Buyers must offset any potential savings on choosing a new Chinese car against potential losses when it is time to sell. Korea had a similar problem ten years ago, yet still managed to engineer good export opportunities for themselves. Those cars are now universally respected in terms of quality and value, and Hyundai in particular has been able to offer some popular products in competitive markets.With the likes of Porsche, Audi and BMW persistent in trying to sell their more up-market sheet metal (see company websites for entry level pricing), some have suggested that in many respects, they may be trying to flog a glittering but lifeless horse, in the face of ever-wavering buyer enthusiasm. It appears to many to be a persistent stance of self-belief, when what may be required is a brief moment of reflection. With respect to the worlds new-found stance on downsizing and exponential negativity, perhaps the real winners have, until now, kept themselves small. 2.The Way to Get InformationThere are many ways to get information. The most common research methods are: literature searches, talking with people, focus groups, personal interviews, telephone surveys, mail surveys, email surveys, and internet surveys.A literature search involves reviewing all readily available materials. These materials can include internal company information, relevant trade publications, newspapers, magazines, annual reports, company literature, on-line data bases, and any other published materials. It is a very inexpensive method of gathering information, although it often does not yield timely information. Literature searches over the web are the fastest, while library literature searches can take between one and eight weeks.Talking with people is a good way to get information during the initial stages of a research project. It can be used to gather information that is not publicly available, or that is too new to be found in the literature. Examples might include meetings with prospects, customers, suppliers, and other types of business conversations at trade shows, seminars, and association meetings. Although often valuable, the information has questionable validity because it is highly subjective and might not be representative of the population.A focus group is used as a preliminary research technique to explore peoples ideas and attitudes. It is often used to test new approaches (such as products or advertising), and to discover customer concerns. A group of 6 to 20 people meet in a conference-room-like setting with a trained moderator. The room usually contains a one-way mirror for viewing, including audio and video capabilities. The moderator leads the groups discussion and keeps the focus on the areas you want to explore. Focus groups can be conducted within a couple of weeks and cost between two and three thousand dollars. Their disadvantage is that the sample is small and may not be representative of the population in general.Personal interviews are a way to get in-depth and comprehensive information. They involve one person interviewing another person for personal or detailed information. Personal interviews are very expensive because of the one-to-one nature of the interview ($50+ per interview). Typically, an interviewer will ask questions from a written questionnaire and record the answers verbatim. Sometimes, the questionnaire is simply a list of topics that the research wants to discuss with an industry expert. Personal interviews (because of their expense) are generally used only when subjects are not likely to respond to other survey methods.Telephone surveys are the fastest method of gathering information from a relatively large sample (100-400 respondents). The interviewer follows a prepared script that is essentially the same as a written questionnaire. However, unlike a mail survey, the telephone survey allows the opportunity for some opinion probing. Telephone surveys generally last less than ten minutes. Typical costs are between four and six thousand dollars, and they can be completed in two to four weeks.Mail surveys are a cost effective method of gathering information. They are ideal for large sample sizes, or when the sample comes from a wide geographic area. They cost a little less than telephone interviews, however, they take over twice as long to complete (eight to twelve weeks). Because there is no interviewer, there is no possibility of interviewer bias. The main disadvantage is the inability to probe respondents for more detailed information.Email and internet surveys are relatively new and little is known about the effect of sampling bias in internet surveys. While it is clearly the most cost effective and fastest method of distributing a survey, the demographic profile of the internet user does not represent the general population, although this is changing. Before doing an email or internet survey, carefully consider the effect that this bias might have on the results. 2)There are many different ways to get information. On the one hand, the traditional ways such as newspapers , magazines , books ,and so on play a very important role in obtaining the information for many people. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, internet and multi-media become more and more popular for people to get information. As far as I am concerned, I like to get information through reading newspapers. There are three reasons for this. First, there are many interesting things on the newspaper besides what I am looking for. Second, I like to read the printed words which will always give me a deeper understanding of the language. As was said by Francis Bacon , reading makes a full man. Third, it provides me with a chance to clip down all the articles and useful things so as to be kept for later use. In conclusion, different people prefer different ways to get what they want . However, it is necessary to keep in mind that no definite way is suitable for all circumstances . With the development of science and technology, wed better make good use of the advanced media so as to3)There are many different ways to get information. On the one hand, the traditional ways such as newspapers , magazines , books ,and so on play a very important role in obtaining the information for many people. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, internet and multi-media become more and more popular for people to get information.As far as I am concerned, I like to get information through reading newspapers. There are three reasons for this. First, there are many interesting things on the newspaper besides what I am looking for. Second, I like to read the printed words which will always give me a deeper understanding of the language. As was said by Francis Bacon , reading makes a full man. Third, it provides me with a chance to clip down all the articles and useful things so as to be kept for later use.In conclusion, different people prefer different ways to get what they want . However, it is necessary to keep in mind that no definite way is suitable for all circumstances . With the development of science and technology, wed better make good use of the advanced media so as to be benefited much more.The increase in postgraduate students EnrollmentOver recent years, postgraduates have expanded in numbers with the losened enrollment policy.The figure of the extra enrollment has changed year on year,rising up to 86,000 in 2000 from 65,000 of the previous year.By 2002,the number is nearly as three times that of the year of 1999.Up to the time of 2004,the number of increased postgraduate has hit 273,100 ,up from 0.015 percentage point compared with that of 2003. All these data have obviously indicated the educational level ascending and more opportunities provided to young academic students.In addition,we may see more young people getting into the society with higher eductional degree in the near future. With more and more well-educated youth possessing higher degree,great changs will be bond to happen in many ways,like more intense employment market,young employee more stressful,further stride in social civilization.We have more to expect in the years to come.2)Over the past two decades, educational systems in many countries in the Asia Pacific region have undergone significant changes in so far as programmes of reform and restructuring of higher education (both in the provision of undergraduate and postgraduate education) are concerned. In contemporary higher education systems, there is always a conscious effort to align these innovations to respond to the ever changing economic, social and political contexts within which higher education takes place. The push for change is a result of continuous pressure on educational systems to change and this has come from stakeholders such as students, parents and employers alike. Notwithstanding this, there has also been a rapid growth in demand for access to education at all levels, with demand for postgraduate education escalatingin some developing countries. In Malaysia, for instance, there has been a marked increase in postgraduate numbers in many public universities since 2002 and as such, postgraduate education in Malaysia has undergone tremendous changes and a variety of trends and factors continue to affect higher education institutions offering a range of postgraduate programmes to diverse students. Kaur & Abdul Manan (2008, p. 14) account for this change as stemmingfrom the “continued demands from students, university administrators and policy makers for access to a greater share of the population to meet the needs of new economies that require trained and qualified employees in todays increasinglyglobalised workplaces”. Since 2005, the Graduate School in Universiti Sains Malaysia reported a three fold increase since the 1990s to the present enrolment of over 5,000 postgraduate students who are enrolled in 39 schools and four centres of excellence in the areas of Medicine, Science and Technology, Engineering and Arts (Handbook, Institute of Graduate Studies, 2008).The provision of postgraduate education in many countries often takes the form of graduate studies either by mixed mode or research modes. University educators have engaged in active discourses on the need for postgraduate education to develop broad repertoires of literacy practice that will build on students specific academic disciplines, cultural and linguistic diversity, and expand their knowledge base and skills in an effective manner so that they can be assured of a high quality education at their respective higher education institutions. Indeed, while these discourses continue to Vol. 2, No. 3 International Education Studies 48 contribute significantly towards improving postgraduate education, issues such as student diversity among postgraduateenrolments in some contexts, Malaysia is a good example in point, give rise to concern about performance chasms in academic success among students as the realities often pose other complexities concerning current pedagogic practices.With increasing participation of Middle East students in the landscape of postgraduate education in Malaysian public universities, the diversity of students prior learning is more complex in its realization than in the past, when university teachers only had to deal with fairly homogenous graduate student populations. The participation of international students in Malaysian higher education stood at 30,397 students in 2002 but at the end of 2007, the number increased to 47, 849 (Wan, Kaur & Jantan, 2008). The international mobility of the student is currently an important concern for most higher education institutions in the Asia Pacific region as the concept of higher education as a market has a long history in some countries, such as the Phillipines, Indonesia and Korea (Yonezawa, 2007). With transnational highereducation now becoming popular, student diversity is now more commonplace and as Scott (2005, p. 298) points out, students now represent “multifarious histories, expectations and responses; and these are continually being shaped and reshaped in an interaction of student agency with socioculturally and politically formed pedagogic imperatives”. Arguably, the provision of postgraduate education in many developed and developing countries has been in response to increasing demands of students (both traditional and non-traditional students who either follow courses on a full-time or part-time basis) who realize the value of postgraduate education in enhancing their career prospects. This trend is in response to the now greater mobility of capital, information and ideologies and of people and this has significantlyenhanced the nature of economic activity, creating new forms of global markets, global competition and global management for todays global economy is characterized as “informational, knowledge-based, post-industrial andservice-oriented” (Rizvi, Engel, Nandyala, Rutkowski & Sparks, 2005, p. 3). Following this trend, there is a pronounced need for new post-Fordist regimes of labour management and a new kind of worker that education must now produce.Hence, the proliferation of postgraduate courses has been evolving in the past two decades. Knight (1997, p. 149) observes that “coursework masters courses have proliferated in old industrialized countries and the signs are that thesame is happening in industrializing countries”. While this trend has been observed in some Asia Pacific countries, in Malaysia too similar patters of postgraduate coursework and research training have expanded proportionately more than undergraduate work and postgraduate student intakes too have seen significant increases in numbers largely due to initiatives taken by public universities to aggressively market graduate programmes in ASEAN and Middle Eastern countries as well as within Malaysia. Notwithstanding these trends, there is much to be learned from postgraduate teaching and learning especially in relation to the increasing social, economic and political pressures placed on providing quality education as institutions now have to demonstrate efficiency and effe