成人高考英语复习考点.doc

07级成人高考复习考点复习计划（共10讲）第一讲：冠词、名词、代词第二讲：形容词、副词、介词、数词第三讲：时态、语态、定语从句第四讲：非谓语动词、名词性从句第五讲：虚拟语气、强调句型第六讲：主谓一致、倒装、反意文句、感叹句第七讲：语音、高频词及短语第八讲：专项练习第九讲：写作技巧及范文、模拟练习第十讲：历年成考题及做题技巧第一讲：冠词、名词、代词I.冠词1.概念 冠词是置于n.前、说明n.所指的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志， 它不能离开名词而单独存在。2. 种类：a/an, the3. 定冠词the 的用法： 特指双熟悉，上文已提及 世上独无二，序数最高级 某些专有名，习语及乐器 1）When we saw his face, we knew was bad. A. the news B. some news C. a news D. news 2) Do you know the girl who is standing there? 3) the sun, the moon , the earth, the world 4) Shanghai is second largest city in China. A. a B. / C. the D. one 5) the Pacific Ocean , the Yellow River, the United States 6) play the piano 7) -Do you know who invented telephone? -No , but it is really most useful invention.A. the, the B. a , a C. a , the D. the, a 8) the +adj./done/doing 表示一类人或物或某种抽象的概念the rich, the wounded, the living 9) the Smiths 10) The policeman was wounded in knee, but he caught the thief by arm. A. the, his B. his, the C. the, the D. his , his11) by the hour/day/meter/ton , 但是，by length/height/width12) to the left, in the north 但是，turn left13) 由普通名词构成的专有名词，表建筑、报纸、杂志、三军、船只、朝代等 the Great Wall, the New York Times, the Navy, the Ming Dynasty 14) Which is , Canada and America? A. large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 15) by the way, 4. a/an 的用法： 1）What honest boy your son is and what fun he is. A. a, a B. an, / C. an, a D. a, / 2) I have been waiting for hour and . A. /, / B. the, a C. a, the D. an, a 3) cow is useful animal. A. An , a B. The, the C. A, the D. The, a 4) As a doctor, he is great success. A. / B. a C. the D. an 5) a Mr. Wang, a certain Mr. Wang , some Mr. Wang 6) Next term, well learn second foreign language. A. the B. / C. a D. an 7) -How did you find her song? -Wonderful, I have never heard better voice. A. a B. the C. / D. any 8) There is no such thing as that between ourselves. A. a B. the C. / D. an 9) such+a/an+adj.+n. so/too/as/how/however+adj.+a/an+n. many/what/half/such/rather/quite+a+n. 10) singer and dancer has accepted the invitation. A. A, a B. The, the C. The, a D. The, / 11) He was a medical student before he turned engineer. A. a B. an C. the D. / 12) in a way , make a fuss , at a time5. 不用冠词的情况： 下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前 专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭 复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前 颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔 1）One of his friends studies at Beijing University. A. the B. a C. / D. an 2) This morning, we had big breakfast. A. the B. a C. an D. / 3) September 10th is Teachers Day. A. the B. a C. an D. / 4) He was elected chairman of the sports meet. A. the B. a C. of D. as 5) The two were like teacher and student though they were the same age. A. /, the B. /, / C. the, the D. a, a 6) by bike/air/ship , on my bike, take a taxi , in ink, in English II. 名词 1. n.分类: 1)专有n. 2)普通n.：个体n. 集体n.(family, team, group; people, police, cattle) 可数n. 不可数n.: 物质n. a piece of cake, two pieces of news 抽象n.(knowledge, friendship, success, danger) have a knowledge of, a great success 2. n. 单复数： 1）-o 结尾: negro/hero/potato/tomato+es radio/photo/piano/bamboo+s zero/volcano+s/es -oo结尾:foot, tooth, goose 2) f/fe结尾:thief/wife/shelf/knife/leaf/wolf/half chief/safe/gulf/cliff/roof+s 3) x/sh/ch/s结尾: box+es, 但是，stomach +s 4) 辅音字母+y结尾:family-families 4) 单复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss , people, cattle, police 5) Frenchmen, Germans, Russians, Americans, Canadians 6) passers-by, lookers-on, editors-in-chief, sisters- in-law go-betweens, grown-ups, good-for-nothings women doctors, girl friends 7) 不规则：child, ox, mouse 8）下列短语中n.只能用复数： take turns, makes friends, make repairs, shake hands, in dozens, as follows 下列短语中n.单复数均可： make faces/make a face, play jokes/play a joke on sb. 9) 单复数含义不同： arm/arms, good/goods, custom/customs, green/greens, damage/damages have a word with sb./have words with sb. 3. n.所有格： 1) Marys room, Womens Day, Tom and Marys father 2) a friend of her fathers the barbers an hours walk todays newspaper 3) anybody elses boys, childrens 4. 名词作定语：a shoe factory , room number , goods train 5. ess: waitress , actress , empress-ee: employee , interviewee 6. 名词与介词的搭配： difference between ; plan for , reason for , wish for, charge for ; success in , belief in ; dependence on , influence on; advantage over ; access to ; answer to ;contact with ; chance to do ,attempt to do III.代词 1. 种类 2. 用法: 1）主语、表语、宾语、同位语 2）you: 泛指一切人 he: 多用于指动物 she: 代月亮、船、汽车、飞机等 3. 位置：1) you and I, you and me 2)my friend/Tom and I/me 3)you and they/them 4)you, he and I 5)I and the old man living第二讲：形容词、副词、介词、数词I.形容词：1. adj. 的位置：“县官行令杀国才” 限：冠、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词、名词所有格+序数词+基数词 观：表特性、性质 形：形状、长短、大小、高低（little/big/long+red/white） 令：年龄、新旧、温度 色：颜色 国：国籍、地区、出处 材：物质、材料+用途、类别、目的 e.g. a beautiful large green Chinese carpet 2. 形容词的用法： 1）只能作前置定语的adj.：elder, other, latter, former, daily, wooden, golden, late, etc. e.g. her late husband 2）只能作后置定语的adj.: good enough, people present, something important, sb. else, etc.the weather tomorrow, the way out, the sentence below, the trip abroad, etc.the man alive/awake/asleep, etc two meters high 3）表语adj.: alike, afraid, alive, asleep, alone, ashamed 等一般只作表语、补足语； ill, well, worth, bound, sure, drunk, unable等. 3. 根据惯用法，有些adj.有特定的adv.修饰： 1) fast/sound asleep, fall asleep, very well, fully/quite aware, fully awake, quite impossible, well prepared/received/informed, badly wounded, deeply moved, much afraid 2) a heavy rain/snow, a strong wind, a thick fog, a heavy/light traffic/sleeper 3) quite understand/see/know 4. 复合adj.： 1) n.+adj.: sea-sick, ice-cold, world-wide 2) n.+n.+ed: iron-willed, honey-mouthed, ox-eyed 3) n.+p.p: machine-made, weather-beated, ice-covered 4) adj.+n.: long-distance, second-hand 5) adj./数词+n.+ed: clean-minded, double-faced, three-legged 6) adj.+doing/p.p: good-looking, new-laidII. 比较级、最高级： 1. 不规则： 1) good/well, many/much, bad/badly/ill 2) older: later farther elder: latter further 2. 无比较级、最高级： 1) prefer, favorite, superior, perfect 2) true, right, wrong, absolute, original, only 3)woolen, wooden, monthly, square, round, 4) dead, alive, living, asleep 3. 表比较的结构：1) A is three times as big as B. A is three times bigger than B. A is three times the size of B.2) as -as not as/so-as3) more than more-than4) no more than not more than5) more and more the more-, the more- 4. 特殊用法：1) the + 比较级： -A or B -of the two,2）比较级用于否定句，表达最高级含义： I havent heard a better voice. You cant give me any better gift.3) much/even/still/ a bit/ a little/ a lot/ rather/ no/ far/ by far/ not any/ slightly +比较级 The price of this computer is than that one. A. cheap B. much cheap C. much more cheaper D. much cheaper4) by far/ not quite/ the very/ nearly/ almost +最高级5）straightly / alikely / fastly III. 特殊句型: 1) so many / much / little / few +n. -that2) such +a /an + adj. + n. so / too / as/ how / however + adj. + a/an +n.3) so + adj. / such 置句首， 倒装 So shallow was the river that everyone could swim across it. Such is our home in the future.4) too-to- :表否定、肯定 IV. 同义词比较：1) exciting / excited, interesting / interested, moving / moved, surprising / surprised2) high / highly, deep / deeply, close / closely3) common / ordinary / usual / general rather / fairly / quite / pretty worth / worthy / worthwhile第五讲：虚拟语气、强调句型I. 虚拟语气的类型：1. if条件句: if从句谓语主句谓语将来did / were to / should + dowould / could / might +do现在did / werewould / could / might +do过去had donewould have done 1) If I the job, I would do it in a different way.A. would do B. do C. shall do D. were to do 2) the truth, he wouldnt have lent her any money.A. Jack has known B. If Jack known C. Should Jack know D. Had Jack known 3) If I had followed your advice, I in such trouble now. A. wouldnt have been B. would be C. were D. wouldnt be 2. suggest / insist / order / demand / command / urge / recommend 1) The city council ordered spitting on the street. A. was prohibited B. is prohibited C. be prohibited D. be prohibited 2) All the doctors insisted that he badly wounded and that he at once. A. should be, be operated on B. were, must be operated on C. was, should be operated D. was, be operated on 3. wish Jane wishes that she foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college. A. did B. had done C. had studied D. could study 4. as if 1) He talked as if he to Japan. A. has gone to B. went C. had gone D. had been 2) This time in came a fat man. He rubbed his hands all the time as if he them. A. was washing B. has washed C. would have washed D. washed 5. given / provided / without / but for 1) Given more time and money, he better than what it is. A. did B. had done C. could have done D. would do 2) Without your encouragement and support, we . A. should not succeeded B. would not succeed C. would have succeeded D. would not have succeeded6. It is + necessary / important / essential / strange / advisable - that sb. (should) do- It is necessary that a university student at least one foreign language. A. learns B. learn C. must learn D. learned7. It is (high / about ) sb. did - I think its high time the children to school. A. go B. are going C. will go D. went8. would rather sb. did - Id rather you just in bed and anything for at least two weeks. A. stayed, did B. stay, dont C. stayed, dont do D. stayed, didnt do第三讲：时态、语态、定语从句I. 时态:1. 一般现在时的用法： 1）表习惯性、经常性的动作，常与usually, often, sometimes, everyday等时间状语连用。 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征、能力等。 He is good at computer. 3）表示客观事实、真理。 The teacher told us the earth moves around the Sun. 4）表示按照时刻表将要发生的事情。(go, come, leave, stay, start, begin, arrive, return, etc. ) My flight leaves at 7:00