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avoidingtailingsdamfailuresgoodpracticeinprevention,philippeckunepgridarendalandiiieeatlunduniversity,introexistingbestpractice;newdemandsplacedbyminingpractice;newpossibilitiesofferedbytechnologicaladvances;formalconditionsplacedbytransboundaryconventions(forexample);and.,thisbriefpresentation,contentindraftguidelineatpresentsomebigexamplesoftheeventswewishtoprevent,somesmallexamplesaswell.examplesofextantliterature:ianticipatethattheseguidelineswillextensivelyreferto,andcross-reference,theextensivebodyofworkthatdescribesbestpractice.someofthecontentofexistingguidelinesthatwillbereflectedinmoredetailandthatiseeasthegeneralintent,anethosforresponsiblemanagementofthelifecycleoftmfs.,ageneralethosgoodtailingsmanagementcouldbesaidtorequirethat:existingandfuturepublichealthandsafetyarenotcompromised;environmentalresourcesarenotsubjecttophysicalandchemicaldeterioration;theafter-useofthesiteisbeneficialandsustainableinthelongterm;adversesocio-economicimpactsareminimised;andsocio-economicbenefitsaremaximised.,ahugebodyofinternationalknowledgeithasmuchtoofferinthedevelopmentofnewprocessesforwastemanagement.7designforleaseclosureisgeotechnicallyintensive.8minewastematerialsarecomplex;sometimestheybehavebetterthanexpected.9minewastematerialsarecomplex;sometimestheybehaveworsethanexpected.10casehistoriesrevealthatriskisnotgeneratedbytechnicallimitationsalone.thegeotechnicalperformanceofaman-madedepositdependsnotonlyonitscomposition,butalsoonhowitisplaced.thecontrolexercisedbyplacementmethodshouldnotbeunderestimated.conclusion11awell-intentionedcorporationemployingapparentlywell-qualifiedconsultantsisnotadequateinsuranceagainstseriousincidents.,criticaloperationaspects,improvingtailingsdamsafety:criticalaspectsofmanagement,design,operationandclosureicoldcommitteeontailingsdams,generalpoints(aftericold)theoperationphaseofatailingsdamoftencontinuesforseveraldecades.theconditionspertainingtoassumptionsmadeatthedesignstagemaychange,sometimesquiteradically,duringtheoperationphase.essential,bothforensuringcompliancewiththeoriginaldesignandtoaccommodateoperatingvariations,thattheoperationbegivenahighlevelofpriorityfrommanagementandoperators.thisdemandsregularinternalinspections,externalsafetyinspectionsandexternal,independentoperationreviews,particularlyafterasignificantincident(s)onadam.,pre-depositionconstruction(icold),monitoringof:operationsassociatedwiththeconstructionofpre-depositionworksofatailingsdamforcompliancewithdesignstandardsconstructionofperimeterstarterwalls,under-drainagefacilities,decantfacilitiesandotherdamcomponents.,operationmanagementi(icold),atmfiskeyfactorintheoveralloperationofthemineorindustrialprocessitisnotasideissue.thereforeessentialtohave:continuoussupportoftheoperationprocessfrommanagementdetailedattentiontothemanagementofthetailingsdepositionprocessbytrained,competentpersonsformal,detailedoperatingmanualupdatedonaregularbasistoaccommodateanychangesindesignoroperationparametersaccordingto:visualinspectionsmonitoringreports,operationmanagementiicriticalfactors(icold),constantoperationalcontrolofthedecantfacilitymaintenanceofinternalbeachwidthmaintenanceofstormfreeboardcontrolofbeachslopesmeasurementofseepagedischargeandturbiditymeasurementoftheinternalphreaticsurfacewithinthedamwallporepressuremeasurementrecordingofmovementsinthedamwallthesefactorsshouldalsobeaddressedinthepostclosurephaseofthedam.,operationmanagementiicriticalfactors2(icold),recordingofseismiceventsrecordingofdeliveredtailingsparticlesizedistributionensuringthatthedepositionprocessachievesadequateparticlesizesegregationonthebeachesregularmonitoringofthebehaviourofwallsandbeachesandphysicalpropertiesofthedepositedtailings,andthedepositionprocedures.managementandmaintenanceoftailingsdeliverysystemsregularupdatingofmonitoringresponseplans.managementofalldata.thesefactorsshouldalsobeaddressedinthepostclosurephaseofthedam.,tailingsdamsurveillance(icold),thefollowingessentialaspectsofsurveillancearecriticaltosuccess:whatandhowtomeasureandcontrolvisualmonitoringandcontrolinstrumentationmonitoringanalysisandinterpretationofdataemergencypreparednesschainofresponsibility.goodsurveillanceincludesthecarefulkeepingofsurveillancerecords+interpretationofthesebyexperiencedpersons.theremustbeaclearpathforreportingofdeviancesandamechanismformotivatingandimplementingremedialactionswherenecessary.,depositionmanagement(icold),tailingsdepositionrequiresspecificattention,particularlyincaseswherethetailingsproductisbeingusedtoraisetheouterwallofthetailingsdam.thedepositionprocess,inassociationwiththesupernatantpoolelevation,controls:beachlengthbeachslopefreeboardandfloodmanagementtailingsconsolidationthetailingsdamwallwillrisewithtimeasdepositionprogressesandmustberaisedevenlyaroundthedamperimeter.bymanagingdepositionlayerthicknessanddepositioncycletimearoundtheperimeter,moreeffectivedryingconsolidationcanbeachieved.thesefactorsareallspecifictoeachindividualdammustbemanageddailytoensuredesigncompliancemustbeanintegralcomponentofthesurveillanceprocess.,operationalwatermanagement(icold),managementofthesupernatantpoolaspartoftheoveralldepositionmanagementprocess,isakeyaspectofoperationandallaspectsofthewaterbalancemustbemonitoredandcontrolledcarefully.sizeanddepthshouldalwaysbekepttoapracticalminimummanagementofthepooltoaminimumsizeandtheassociatedsurveillancetoensurethatthisisalwayscontrolledwillachieve:reducedseepageincreasedfreeboard(largerbeaches)lowerphreaticsurfaces.,tmfsmustbebuiltwiththelonglongterminmindwecannotforgetclosure,requiresaknowledgeofenvironmentalconditions,multi-objectiveplanning,closesupervisionofconstruction,carefuloperationalsurveillance,andongoingmonitoringafterclosure.soundengineeringremainsthebasisofsafestructureslong-termstabilityisensuredbyadesignthatisintrinsicallystable,self-repairing,andlow-risk,andabletostanduptoweatherandotherlocalinfluences.theconceptismoreaboutthedesignofapermanentlandscapefeaturenotashort-termfacility.inallcasesamonitoringandverificationprocedureisneededtoconfirmthatthisgoalhastrulybeenachieved.,anabundanceofliteratureandworktosupportimprovement,improvingtailingsdamsafety:criticalaspectsofmanagement,design,operationandclosureicoldcommitteeontailingsdamsliteraturejustonthistopicofoperation&managagement,anabundanceofliteratureandworktosupportimprovementexamplesregardingwatermgt.,unitedstatescommitteeonlargedams(uscold)1994.tailingsdamincidents.internationalcommissiononlargedams(icold)1992.selectionsofdesignfloodbulletin82()canadiancommitteeonlargedams(cancold)guidelinesforflooddesigncriteriabasedonconsequenceandrisk.australiannationalcommitteeonlargedams(ancold)1986.guidelineondesignfloodsfordamssouthafricannationalcommitteeonlargedams(sancold).reportno.3.interimguidelinesonfreeboardfordams.miningassociationofcanada(mac)1998.guidetothemanagementoftailingfacilities.(http:/www.mining.ca)kraftfretagensriktlinjerfrdammskerhet(ridas)2002.hydropowerindustrydamsafetyguidelines.swedenergy,stockholm:birgergustafssonabisbn91-7622-174-1referencetooperation,surveillanceandmaintenancemanual:kraftfretagensriktlinjerfrdammskerhet(ridas)2002.hydropowerindustrydamsafetyguidelines.swedenergy,stockholm:birgergustafssonabisbn91-7622-174-1,anabundanceofliteratureandworktosupportimprovementexamplesregardingdepositionmonitoring,internationalcommissiononlargedams(icold)1995.tailingsdams,transport,placementanddecantation-reviewandrecommendations.bulletin101internationalcommissiononlargedams(icold)1996.monitoringoftailingsdams-reviewandrecommendations.bulletin204internationalcommissiononlargedams(icold)1996.aguidetotailingsdamsandimpoundments-design,construction,useandrehabilitation.bulletin106mineralscouncilofaustralia.strategicframeworkfortailingsmanagementsouthafricanbureauofstandards1998.codeofpracticeformineresiduedeposits.sabs0286miningassociationofcanada,(mac)1998.aguidetothemanagementoftailingsfacilities.miningassociationofcanada(mac)2000.developinganoperation,maintenanceandsurveillancemanualfortailingsandwaterstoragefacilities.governmentofwesternaustralia1998.guidelinesonthedevelopmentofanoperatingmanualfortailingsstorage.europeancommissionjuly2004.draftreferencedocumentonbestavailabletechniquesformanagementoftailingsandwaste-rockinminingactivities.edificioexpo,seville,spain(http:/www.jrc.es/pub/english.cgi/0/733
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