广州版初一上册英语Unit3名词、there be句型.doc

广州版初一上册Uint3同步辅导教学目标:1、 巩固Unit 3重要单词、常考短语和句型的用法。2、 掌握可数名词与不可数名词的用法和there be句型与have的区别。教学重点、难点:1、掌握Unit 3常用单词、短语和句型的用法。2、熟练掌握可数名词与不可数名词、there be句型的用法。教学步骤：【课堂演练】一、巩固Unit 3单词和短语的用法：（一）朗读Unit 3新单词，纠正学生的发音，并讲解其用法。（二）根据首字母提示填空：1. The T-shirt is too l_. I want a smaller one.2. The earth is in danger. We should do our best to p_ it.3. We use the light and heat from the Sun for e_.4. You run too fast. I cant c_ up with you.5. - Can you repair it? - No p_. 6. It is very i_ for us to learn English well.7. Animals are our friends. We m_ protect them.8. The g_ near the river is soft.（三）完成句子：1. 河流能为我们提供干净的水。 The river can _ us _ water.2. 我们不应该把垃圾倒进河流里。 We shouldnt _ waste _ rivers.3. 每天人们都扔掉大量的垃圾。 People _ _ a lot of rubbish every day.4. 每天人们捕捉大量的鱼，以至于海里的鱼越来越少了。People catch so many fish every day that there are _ and _ fish in the sea.5. 新鲜的空气让我们能够健康地活着。 Fresh air _ us _ very well.6. 许多动物也生活在陆地上。 Most animals live _ _ _.7. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Its _ for us_ _ the work. 8. 当老师走进教室时，我们停止了讨论。When our teacher came in to the classroom, we _ _. 二、课本内容讲解。三、Unit 3知识点梳理：1、【词义辨析】on earth与on the earth：若表示“在地球上”，on earth和on the earth都可以；若表示“究竟”，只能用on earth。Why on earth didnt you tell me the truth? 你到底为什么不跟我说实话？ Who on earth told you that? There are millions of living things on the earth.2、on the land在陆地上 3、under the water在水下4、provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物The farmers provide us with grain and vegetables. = The farmers provide grain and vegetables for us.5、put into 把倒入；throw into 把扔到6、【词义辨析】stop doing something“停止做某事”，指停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth.“停下来做某事”，指停下手中的事情去做另外一件事。He stops to make a call. 他停下手中的活去打电话 He stops making a call. 他挂掉了电话。7、throw away扔掉；put away把收起来 8、lift up将抬起，举起9、keep alive让活着；keep doing sth.让一直做，坚持做keep是“保持”的意思，后接形容词，表示“使某人或某物保持某种状态”，接动名词，表示“让某人一直做某事”。 We tried to keep him alive but to no avail. He kept me waiting for half an hour.10、take a photo of = take photos of给拍照11、fewer and fewer越来越少 【注意】few与little的用法【词义辨析】（1）“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越”。She looks more and more beautiful. 她看起来越来越漂亮。In summer the days get longer and longer. 夏天白天越来越长。（2）“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”表示“越，越”，相当于一个比较状语从句，后一个“the + 比较级”为主句。The more I read the book, the more I liked it. 这本书我越看越喜欢。The harder you work, the more progress you will get. 你越努力，身体越强壮。12、ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，否定形式为：ask sb. not to do sth.；ask for索取，要求You can ask police to help you. We can ask people not to eat shark fin soup.13、It is + adj. +for sb. to do sth.与It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 的区别：（1）若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。Its very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。Its clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。（2）若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.，这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.Its difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。四、可数名词与不可数名词用法讲解：（一）可数名词单数变复数：1、规则变化：情况构成方法例词读音一般情况下在词尾加-sbookbooks, map-maps-s在清辅音后发/s/音treetrees, bag-bags在元音和浊辅音后发/z/以s, x, ch, sh结尾在词尾加-esglass-glasses, box-boxes-es发/ i:z /音以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i加-escity-cities, baby-babies-ies发/ iz /音以元音字母加y结尾词尾加-estoy-toys, key-keys-s发/z/音以f或fe结尾改f或fe为v加-eswife-wives, knife-knives-ves发/vz/音辅音字母结尾加o结尾表示有生命的词尾加-espotato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes-es发/z/音表示无生命的词尾加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos-s发/z/音元音字母加o结尾词尾加-sradio-radios, zoo-zoos-s发/z/音2、不规则变化：构成例词单复数同形sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfish JapaneseJapanese, ChineseChinese元音发生变化man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice词尾加-en或-renchild-children, ox-oxen牛复合名词单复数变化主要词改为复数boy student-boy students男学生，apple treeapple trees含man或woman的复合名词，前后两词都要改为复数形式a woman teacher - two women teachers两名女教师a man doctor - three men doctors三名男医生含有man，但不是合成词的，在词尾加sGerman-Germans，Russian-Russians，American-Americans，IndianIndians，Canadian-Canadians只有复数形式的名词clothes, trousers, shorts, jeans, pants裤子, glasses, chopsticks, （二）不可数名词：1、不可数名词是不能直接用数量来计数的词，不能直接用冠词a / an来修饰，没有单复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：milk, water, coco, juice, beer, coffee, chocolate, rice, salt, sugar, air, rain, snow, fog, blood, bread, meat, beef, chicken（指“鸡肉”时为不可数，指“活鸡”时为可数）, fish（用法同chicken）, information, news, advice, fun等。2、要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。（1）用much, a little, a lot of / lots of, some, any等修饰不可数名词。如：The rich man has a lot of money.（2）可借助“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”的结构来修饰不可数名词，但of后的不可数名词只能用原形，如：a piece of paper two pieces of paper a bottle of orange a glass of milk three bags of rice four pairs of shoes two cups of tea五、there be句型与have、has的用法：1、两者都表示“有”，但是（1）there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。（2）there be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数或不可数名词，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定（“就近原则”）。3、there be句型的否定句在be 动词后加not，一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 4、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句。 5、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。6、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?【同步练习】（一）用所给单词的正确形式填空：1. How many _(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some _(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two _(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of _(water) in the bottle.5. There are five _(people ) in his family.6. Lets take _(photo), OK?7. I have lots of _(tomato) here.8. The _(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. Their _(dictionary) look new.11. Would you like some _(tomato)?（二）单项选择：1. She needs _.A. a glass water B. two glasses of water C. two glasses of waters2. There are five _ in our school.A. woman teacher B woman teachers C. women teachers3. There are many _ in the fridge.A. food B. bread C. vegetables4. _ turn yellow in autumn.A. Leaf B. Leaves C. Leave D. Leafs5. I have _ for breakfast every morning.A. two pieces of bread B. two breads C. two bread D. two pieces of breads6. _ tomatoes are there in your basket?A. How much B. How many C. How about D. How7. - What animals can you find on the farm? - I can find some _, many _ and cows.A. gooses, sheeps B. geese, sheeps C. goose, sheep D. geese, sheep8. There _ two books and a pen on the desk.A. has B. have C. is D. are9. There is _ article about the earth.A. a B. an C. some D. many10. _ many people at the bench in summer?A. Is there B. Have C. Are there D. There are11. After doing so much work, we were tired, so we stopped _ a rest.A. to having B. having C. to have D. have12. The farmers _ us _ grain and vegetables.A. provide, for B. provide, with C. lift, up D. lift, with13. Please keep _.A. quiet B. quite C. talking D. to talk14. _ any food in the fridge? A. Are there B. Is there C. Have D. Has15. There _ a class meeting tomorrow?A. is B. is going to have C. is going to be D. is to have16. There _ a football game in our school.A. has B. will have C. have D. will be（三）用“have, has”或“there is , there are”填空：1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a telescope on the desk. 3. He _ a tape-recorder. 4. _ any books in the bookcase?5. She _ some dresses. 6. How many students _ in the classroom?7. What do you _? 8. _ a reading-room in the building? 9. _ some maps on the wall.10. _ any flowers in the vase?11. Davids friends _ some tents.12. My parents _ some nice pictures.（四）用动词的适当形式填空：1. I _ to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _ to school with me. Yesterday we _ to school together. We like _ to school very much. (go)2. They usually _ lunch at home. But last week, they _ lunch at school. (have)3. That _ my English book. It _ new. But now it _ not here. It _ there a moment ago.(be)4. My sister likes _ very much. She often _ at our school festival. Last term, she _ a lot of songs in the school hall. She _ beautifully. (sing)5. - What _ he usually _ on Sunday?- He usually _ his homework. Look! He _ his homework now.-_ he _ his homework last Sunday?- Yes, he _.(do)（五）完形填空：Hainan is a scenic _1_ in south of China. It is famous _2_ the blue sea and the beaut