Interview Passage One.doc

unit eight 人物访谈 interview passage one英汉互译：第一篇：p229国际清算银行行长 president of the bank for international settlements宏观经济 macroeconomic 浮动汇率 floating foreign exchange rateworld economic projection 世界经济预计 impetus 动力reassuring 让人放心 command economy 计划经济fiscal policy 财政政策 surplus and deficit 赢余和赤字deterioration 最坏；最低点 without precedent 第一次pact 公约 curb deficits 防止财政状况恶化pension commitments 养老金投入 yields on nominal bonds 名义收益率deflation 紧缩 exchange rate appreciation 货币升值domestic liquidity 国内流动资金 precipitous move 突然变动stifle 葬送 stance 姿态 workable measures of transition 可行的过度措施1、对国际清算银行行长诺特韦林克（ nout wellink）先生的一次采访an interview with nout wellink，president of the bank for international settlements2、问：韦林克行长，您能谈一下全球经济增长与宏观政策作用之间的关系吗？q： president wellink，would you please outline and comment on the relationship between the growth of the world economy and the role of macroeconomic policies?3、a: let me begin with a review of the world economy. the world economy has performed much better than feared a year ago. current projections are that global growth will reach 4.5% this year, the highest rate since 2000. once again the major impetus has come from the united states. but the extremely rapid industrialization of china has also stimulated global growth.答：我先来回顾一下全球经济。全球经济的表现比一年前人们所担心的要好得多了，现在预计全球经济增长今年将达到45，为2000年以来的最高水平。美国再一次成为全球经济增长的主动力，但是中国急速的工业化进程也刺激了全球的经济增长。4、问：为什么会比预期要好？q：why has it turned out better than expected?5、a：why? two broad explanations might be ventured, one of which is more reassuring than the other. a first explanation is simply the globalization of market forces. an increasing proportion of economic activity is being governed by the market. in the space of only 15 years, some large command economies have undergone economic reform and become market economies. all this has unleashed a dynamic drive for growth that remains very strong, especially in china, india and russia. 答：为什么会超过预期?有两个解释，其中一个比另一个更让人放心。第一个解释是市场动力的全球化。现在的经济活动越来越多地由市场调控。仅仅在过去的15年时间内，一些实行计划经济的大国通过重大的经济改革，已转变为市场经济，这些都为增长带来了活力，中国、印度和俄罗斯的增长尤为明显。6、问：第二个解释不太令人放心，你指的是什么解释？q： what is the second explanation that you consider not reassuring?7、 a：the second explanation is indeed less reassuringit is that growth over the past few years has been brought about in no small measure by very expansionary macroeconomic policiesthese have included massive fiscal stimulus in the united states，policy interest rates in the major countries held at or near postwar lows for some time，and an unprecedented amount of foreign exchange intervention by monetary authorities in asiaunlike structural reforms，the effects of such policy stimulus are only temporary，and the current stance of policies cannot continue indefinitely答：第二个解释的确不那么令人放心，全球经济大规模的增长都是在极其扩张的宏观经济政策的指导下实现的，例如：美国采取了大量的财政刺激手段，主要经济体的政策性利率都维持在几乎是二战以来的最低水平，一些亚洲国家对外汇进行了前所未有的干预。与结构性改革不同的是，这些政策的刺激效果只是暂时的，这种政策性的做法是不可能无限制地使用的。8、问：您认为我们应该采取什么措施以确保全球经济稳定增长?q：what do you think we need to do to ensure the stable growth of the world economy?9、a：evidence accumulates that macroeconomic policies will need to be tightenedwithout putting what has been achieved at risk，of coursefiscal policy，monetary policy and exchange rate policy all need to be considered in this light答：越来越多的证据表明，全球需要采取紧缩的宏观政策，当然啰，不能牺牲已取得的成果。财政政策、货币政策和汇率政策都应该加以考虑。10、问：您能就这些问题谈一些看法吗?q：would you elaborate on these issues?11、 let me start with the industrial world. the u.s. government budget is this year likely to register a deficit of 5of gdpa deterioration of the usfiscal position without precedent since the second world warjapans general government deficit remains at around 8of gdpdeficits in some large economies in the euro area are still above the ceiling set in the stability and growth pactearly action to curb such deficits is all the more important because the costs of health and pension commitments will，under present arrangements， rise strongly in almost all industrial economies答：先说说发达国家吧。美国财政预算赤字达到了二战以来的最坏程度，今年赤字将达到gdp的5。日本财政赤字仍然占到其gdp的8，欧元区许多主要经济体的赤字状况都高于欧元区稳定与增长公约所规定的(不得超过gdp 3)上限。尽早采取措施防止财政状况的恶化是十分重要的，因为按照目前的规划，这些工业国家几乎无一例外地将面临医保和养老的巨额费用。12、问：越来越多的人担心会出现通货膨胀，您认为普遍性通货膨胀会出现吗?q：an increasing number of people worry about the possible inflationdo you anticipate the possible worldwide inflation?13、a： there is no immediate prospect of generalized inflationcomparatively high unemployment is limiting nominal wage increases；and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on pricesbut there are signs that inflation is edging highera comparison of yields on nominal and inflation-linked bonds in the united states suggests a modest upward drift in inflation expectationsjapan is slowly emerging from deflationthe pace of consumer price inflation in china has increased sharply in recent months，and there is evidence that prices are beginning to rise faster in some other asian economies答：目前普遍性通货膨胀还没有出现。高失业率限制了名义工资的增长，全球制造业产能的过剩也使物价上涨受压。但是我们仍然可以看到一些通货膨胀的迹象：如果我们比较一下与通货膨胀挂钩的美国债券的收益率，我们可以看到市场预期通货膨胀将温和上升，日本也正缓慢地走出通缩阴影，中国消费者物价指数最近几个月来快速上升，有迹象表明其他一些亚洲国家的物价也开始加速上升。14、问：您对汇率政策颇有研究，您如何看待浮动汇率政策对全球经济的影响?q：youre an expert on foreign exchange rate policieshow do you view the possible impact of a floating foreign exchange rate policy on world economy?15、a：recent macroeconomic policies were motivated t0 resist exchange rate appreciationbut i dont think positively of such policiesofficial foreign exchange reserves in asia rose by around 480 billion dollars last yearone possible consequence is that the eventual movement in exchange rates may be more abrupt than if a greater degree of flexibility has been allowed earlier. another possible consequence is that the expansion in domestic liquidity associated with this policy may ultimately lead to inflationthe third possible consequence is that markets could become too dependent on continued foreign exchange intervention，and could then be seriously destabilized by even a hint of a change in policy答：近年来实施的宏观经济政策，其目的之一是阻止货币升值，但是我。不看好这种做法。去年亚洲外汇储备增长了4800亿美元，如此之高，前所未有。可能产生的结果之一是，如果不允许更大程度的汇率浮动，汇率的最终变动可能来得更为突然；第二个可能的结果是，外汇干预会使国内市场的流动资金增量，从而引起通货膨胀；第三个可能的结果是，金融市场会过度依赖持续的外汇干预，任何一个预示政策可能改变的小信号都可能引起市场的大动荡。16、问：韦林克行长，您有什么忠告吗?q：do you have any advice in this regard，president wellink?17、a：a sustainable balanced and prosperous world economy requires fiscal policy adjustments in the united states，as well as stronger growth in europe and a greater degree of exchange rate flexibility in asiachina is obviously a key player. china is rightly concerned that a precipitous move in its foreign exchange policy could destabilize its fragile financial system and stifle its dynamic economythe challenge is to develop workable measures of transition that provide both a more flexible exchange rate mechanism and a positive and effective instrument of monetary control答：保持全球经济平衡繁荣，既需要美国改善财政赤字，也需要欧洲实现更多的经济增长，同时还需要亚洲实行更加灵活的外汇机制。而中国是重要的一环。中国担心汇率的突然变动会影响其脆弱的金融系统的稳定，葬送其目前极具活力的经济，这种担心是无可厚非的。中国面临的挑战是，它需要设计可行的过渡措施，既能使外汇机制更加灵活，又能保证国家拥有积极有效的货币管理手段。18、问：谢谢您的忠告，您好像还有话要说? q：thank you for your advicedo you have something else to add?19a：the last two words of warning：the first word of warning is that the stance of macroeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary as it is now if stability is t0 be maintained in the medium term. the second word of warning is that global imbalance must at some point be reducedin doing this，it would be better to avoid the two extremes of either putting the entire burden on exchange rates or not allowing exchange rates to move at all 答：我最后还有两句警言：第一，如果全球经济要在i中期保持稳定，宏观政策就不能像现在那么极具扩张性；第二，必须缓解全球经济的不平衡，要做到这一点，最好避免这样两种极端；即既不能让汇率承担一切，也不能让汇率一成不变。 unit 8 passage two p234英汉互译：新千年 the new millennium 新纪元 the new age精髓 essence 陶器 pottery 京剧戏装 costumes of peking opera莫高窟复制品 the replica of the mogao grottoes 青铜战车 the bronze chariot战国早期的礼仪乐器 ritual musical instruments produced early in the warring states period八音度 a range of octave 音域宽 wide range 定音 tone setting瑟，笙，箫，鼓 se, sheng, xiao, drums 整理 collate骨哨 bone flute 摇篮 cradle 舞台服饰 performance costumes夸张和象征的手法 exaggeration and symbolic means 名模 famous model 1、q：china has held many cultural exchange activities and other parts of the worldthe coming china cultureweek in london is the largest cultural exhibition of its kindmay i know the purpose of staging such an exhibition?问：中国在欧洲和世界其他地区举办过许多次文化交流活动。这次将在伦敦举办的中国文化周是这类文化展览活动中最大的一次。我想知道举办这样的展览目的是什么？2、答：我们已经进入了一个新的千年。文化周是庆祝新纪元到来的大型活动之一。我们还希望这次展览能帮助英国人民以及来自世界其他地区的人们了解中国的今昔。同时，文化周也是东西方文化的一次沟通，我们希望这次活动能够促进中英两国和两国文化之间的交流和了解，缩短东西方之间的差距。a： we have entered the new millenniumthe culture week is one of the grand activities in celebration of the arrival of the new agewe also hope that the exhibition will help the british people and people from other parts of the world learn about the past and the present。of chinameanwhile，the culture week will serve as an open communication between the oriental culture and the occidental culturein particular，it is expected to promote the exchanges between china and the uk and the understanding of the two cultures，and narrow the distancebetween the east and the west3、q：what will be displayed within the seven short days?问：在短短的7天里将有哪些东西参展?4、答：我们选择了一些反映中国文化精髓的主题，有古代的，也有现代的。活动分成展览和表演两大类。a：we have selected some subjects that represent the essence of chinese culture，both ancient and modernthe activities are of two major types：exhibitions and performances5、q：could you tell me more about the exhibition?问：请您再介绍一些展览会的情况?6、答：我们要展示的内容包括中国在教育、文化、建筑和科技方面所取得的成就，介绍首都北京和东方明珠上海的新貌。我们还要展出中国陶器、京剧戏装、中国编钟和中国出土文物的精品。最后一场展览将展示被联合国科教文组织列入世界遗产名录的29处景点及其图片和实物，如莫高窟复制品、出土于秦始皇陵的青铜战车等。a：the exhibitions include the achievements of chinas education, culture，architecture，science and technology. well show you the new outlook of the capital city of beijing and shanghai，known as the “oriental pearl”， as well as the best works of chinese pottery，costumes of the peking opera，chinese chimes and cultural relics unearthed in chinathe last exhibition will display chinas 29 places on the unesco world heritage list，with pictures and objects，for example，the replica of the mogao grottoes and the bronze chariots unearthed in the qinshihuang mausoleum7、q：what about the performance? what do we expect to see? 问：至于表演，我们可以看到哪些演出呢?8、答：在展出期间我们将安排3场演出，有编钟音乐会，有民间歌舞演出，有中国历史上各朝代的服饰表演和现代服装表演。 a：there will be three performances staged during the exhibition：a chime music concert，folk songs and dances，and a display of costumes of the different dynasties in chinese history and a modern fashion show9、q：most of british people have little knowledge of chinese chimes. could you take a few minutes and introduce your chimes to us?问： 大多数英国人对中国的编钟不甚了解。您可以花几分钟向我们介绍一下编钟吗?10、答：编钟是我们古人所用的一种严肃乐器。将要展出的编钟是1978年出土的。研究表明，这些编钟为战国早期的礼仪乐器，大约出自2 400年前伟大思想家孔子和伟大诗人屈原生活的时代。 a： chimes are serious musical instruments used by ancient chinesethe chimes to be exhibited were unearthed in 1978our research shows that they were ritual musical instruments produced early in the warring states period，some 2，400 years ago when the great thinker confucius and the great poet qu yuan lived11、q：how many chimes will be displayed? 问：展出的编钟有多少个? 12、答：你们将看到65个编钟，全是以青铜铸造，八音度的音域很宽，是音域最宽、定音最全的大乐器。每个编钟都可以发出有着不同高低音的两种音调，这表明当时人们已具有高水平的音乐表演能力和高超的乐器制作工艺。与这些编钟同时出土的还有其他124种古乐器，如瑟、笙、箫、鼓。这次我们带了一部分这类古代乐器参展。a： you will see 65 chimes，all molded from bronzethey have wide range of octaves and are the most complete large tone setting instruments with the widest rangeevery chime can produce two tones of different pitchesthis demonstrates the high level of musical performance and advanced instrument manufacturing technique at the timea1so excavated with these chimes are 124 other ancient instruments，for example，se (a 25-stringed horizontal harp)，sheng (a 1314 stringed chinese zither)，xiao (a chinese vertical bamboo flute)and drumswe have brought some of these ancient instruments as exhibits13、q：how do these chimes sound to the modern ear?问：这些编钟在现代人听来又是一种什么样的感觉呢?14、答：编钟可以很好地同中国民乐队协奏，也能和谐地同西方交响乐队协奏。中国编钟乐团选择、整理和重新编排了一些古乐作品。有些参加演出的乐器年代甚至比编钟还要久远，如3 000多年前商代的青铜鼓和8 000年前的芜阳骨哨。a：the chimes sound harmoniously both with the chinese folk music and with a western symphony orchestrathe china chime music ensemble has selected，collated and rearranged some ancient musical workssome instruments even older than the chimes will be played at the concert，such as the bronze drums of the shang dynasty more than 3，000 years old and the wuyang bone flute some 8，000 years old15、q：what about the peking opera costumes to be displayed?问：那么请介绍一下参展的京剧戏装好吗?16、答：欧洲是交响乐之乡，也是歌剧之乡，是许多杰出作曲家的摇篮。中国也有歌剧，那就是京剧。京剧起源于200年前清朝时期的北京。京剧是一种集歌剧表演、歌唱、音乐、舞蹈和武术于一体的表演艺术。我们的服装展览会将展示这个“东方歌剧”历时200年的发展史，以及源自清朝后期的舞台服饰。服饰设计采用了夸张性和象征性的手法，色彩明亮鲜艳，用料独特，裁剪别致。另一场展览将展出600套服饰，其中有秦汉以来不同朝代的古装，有我国少数民族服装，也有现代服饰。我国的名模将登台表演，展示我国服装业和服装设计师的成就。a： europe is the home to symphonic music and also home to opera. it has been a cradle of many brilliant music composerschina has opera, toothats peking opera，which originated from beijing some 200 years ago during the qing dynasty its a performing art that embraces opera performance， singing， music, dancing and martial artsthe costume exposition will present 200 years 0f development of this “oriental opera” and the performance costumes dating to the late qing dynastythe costume design adopted exaggeration and symbolic means and bright colors. the materials are unique, so are the tailoring skills. another exhibition will display a total of 600 sets of clothes, including the ancient clothes of different dynasties from the qin and han, the costumes of chinas ethnic groups, and modern garments and accessories. famous models from china will participate to present the achievements of the chinese garment industry and chinese designers.17、q：thank you very much for the introductioni wish the coming china culture week a complete success问：非常感谢您的介绍。我预祝中国文化周圆满成功。18、答：谢谢，我期待着在展览会上与您再次见面。a：thank you, and expecting to see you again at the exhibition.unit 8 人物访谈extra text for practice passage one汉英交替口译：p2431、加拿大传播学专家马歇尔迈克卢汉一生中从未碰过个人电脑。迈克卢汉于1979年逝世，他对媒体的研究以及他对人们和社会的影响至今仍发挥着作用。美国高科技专家保罗列文森与迈克卢汉教授相识，他在自己所著的数字化的迈克卢汉：进入信息化千年的引导者一书中探讨了迈克卢汉对媒体的研究以及他对大众和社会的影响。以下是对保罗列文森的一次采访。marshall mcluhan, a communications expert from canada, never touched a personal computer. he died in 1979. but his research on the media and his impact on people and society remain relevant today. paul levinson, an american high-tech expert knew professor mcluhan, and discusses his impact in a volume entitled digital mcluhan: a guide to the information millennium. the following is an interview with paul levison.2、问：列文森先生，你在所著的数字化的迈克卢汉：进入信息化千年的引导者一书中探讨了马歇尔迈克卢汉对媒体的研究以及他对大众和社会的影响。迈克卢汉教授是一位来自加拿大的通讯专家，一生中他从未碰过个人电脑。可他为什么会是一名如此重要的人物呢?q： mr. levinson, in your book digital mcluhan: a guide to the information millennium, you discuss marshall mcluhans research on the media and his impact on people and society. professor mcluhan was a communications expert from canada, who never touched a personal computer during his lifetime. but why is he such an important figure?3、a：he did his writing in the decades of 1950sthrough 1970sand those decades。of course，were the first years of televisionhe was the first thinker to really look at television as something that had a serious impact upon our societyinterestingly，although he was writing about television，an enormous amount of what he said has even more applicability to the internet agefor example，he said that television was turning the world into a global villagewhat he meant by that is that when everyone watches the same thing on the television screen，that group which is watching the television program is a community of sortsits like the people in a village all hearing and seeing the same thingin contrast，now in the new millennium，when people communicate on the web，and through the internet, they are not only doing and hearing and seeing the same thing，they are also participating，communicating among each otherso，the notion of village becomes much more meaningful and real in our digital age答：他在20世纪的50年代至70年代之间从事写作。那是电视刚刚诞生的年代。他是第一个真正认识到电视对社会具有重要影响的思想家。有趣的是，虽然他写的是电视，但他所说的很多东西却更适用于网络时代。例如，他说电视正在把世界变成一个地球村。他说那句话的意思是，当所有人都从电视荧屏上观看同一样东西时，正在观看电视的这个群体就组成了一个共同体。这就好比村中的村民听到和看到了同样的东西。与此形成对照的是，现在我们已经进入了新的千年，当人们在网上通讯，通过因特网交际时，他们不仅在做、在听、在看同一种东西，而且还在相互参与、相互交流。因此，在我们这个数字时代，村的概念变得更有意义，同时也更加真实了。4、问：所不同的是电视是一种单向的媒体，而因特网是双向的。q：what is different is that tv is a one-way medium，whereas the internet is two-way5、a：thats rightthere is the crucial difference right theremost media in the 20th century，in fact all of the major media of the 20th centuryradio，motion pictures。televisionwere and are like newspapers and books：one-way mediathe telephone，which of course was invented in 1876，is a two-way mediumbut，it is a two-way personal mediumthere is nothing public, or there shouldnt be much public about a telephone conversationwhat makes the internet so different is that it is public but it is also interactive and two-way答：是的，这正是关键的不同点。20世纪的大多数媒体，事实上20世纪所有的主要媒体收音机、电影、电视过去和现在都和报纸书籍一样，属单向性的媒体。而于1876年发明的电话却是一种双向媒体，但它只是一种个人间的双向媒体。电话交谈不是公共的，或者说也不应该是公共的。使因特网显得如此与众不同的就是其公共性，但它同时也是互动的和双向的。6、问：我们怎样来确保我们所拥有的是一个地球村而不是一个国际贫民窟呢?因为因特网可能有危险。一说起村庄，我就想到这是一个友好的地方。而因特网并不是一个不折不扣的友善之地，是吗?q：how do we ensure that we do have a global village instead of an international slum? because it could be kind of dangerous on the internet toowhen i think of a village，i think of a friendly placethe i