初中英语定语从句的用法解析及练习.doc

初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。【关键词】定语从句 先行词 关系代词 关系副词一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：the man who / that i saw at the school gate yesterday is my english teacher.先行词 定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：i am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词 关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。the dictionary that / which my sister gave me last sunday is very expensive.(宾语)先行词 关系代词我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。the woman is his mother whose name is linda brown. (定语) 先行词 关系代词那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达布朗。that is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词 关系副词那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。关系代词which , that , who1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：yesterday i helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语）昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。mr wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语)王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。the boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。i have a story book whose cover is red.我有一本封面是红色的故事书。3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语）足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。i dont believe the news which / that tom won the game. (宾语)我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。关系副词（when , where , why ）1. when的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）i still remember the day when i first came to beijing .we will never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm .he came at a time when (at which ) we needed help . 2. where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）this is the house where we lived last year .the factory where his father works is in the west of the city .after living in pairs for fifty years , he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child .3. why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）there are several reasons why we cant do that .he couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school .is this the reason why ( for which ) he refused our offer ?the reason why ( for which ) she was ill is that she had eaten bad meat定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择明确关系代词，关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用关系代词which , that , who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语关系副词when , where, why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：that is the place in which i lived for five years.=that is the place which / that i lived in for five years.那就是我住过五年的地方。mr zhang is the man for whom i am looking.=mr zhang is the man who / whom / that i am looking for.张先生就是我正在找的那个人。五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。1. 先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which. 如：the school that / which i used to study in is becoming better and better.(the school 作了介词in的宾语。)我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where. 如：the place where the accident happened isnt far from our school.事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。)2.只用that，不用which的情况。（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：this is the tenth gift that i received for my birthday.这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：that is the most exciting game that i have ever watched.那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如：all that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。（4）先行词被the only修饰时。如：the only thing that i can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：we talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。（6） 当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用thatwho is the girl that is standing there ?who is the boy that shook hands with you just now ？which is the hotel that you stayed at last month ?（7） 当way做先行词时，关系代词可以有三种形式 that in which i dont like the way that / in which / you speak to your mother like that .（8） 先行词在句中作表语shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be . 3. 只用which，不用that的情况。（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如：the thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。（2）先行词本身是that, those时，如：whats that which is flying in the sky? 在天空中飞的那是什么？总之，我们作为初中英语教师要把初中英语中的定语从句讲解清楚，帮助学生理解课文和阅读理解中的定语从句，帮助学生用定语从句进行正确的书面表达，为以后更进一步的学习定语从句打下坚实的基础。定语从句练习：1. this is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. a. thatb. who c. whom d. this2. the man _ lives next to us is my english teacher. a. whom b. which c. whod. /3. the girl _ you saw in the street is mary. a. thatb. whosec. whichd. as4. is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? a. the oneb. which c. who d. whom6. the only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. a. whichb. that c. /d. it7. the girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. a. whichb. in which c. thatd. all9. please show me the book _ you bought yesterday. a. whichb. whomc. whose d. this10. this is the best book _ i have been looking for all this year. a. whob. whomc. which d. /11. this is the only article of these that _ written by him. a. wasb. were c. isd. are12. the man _ was here just now is a doctor. a. whomb. whoc. /d. he13. the boy _ has two lovely dogs. a. who live next door b. which lives next door c. whom lives next door d. that lives next door14. those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. a. whichb. whomc. thatd. who15. the farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. a. when b. where c. that d. at that16. he is the most careful boy _ i know. a. whatb. which c. as d. ./ 17. this is the school _ mr. smith once taught. a. in thatb. when c. whered. there18. have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born? a. whereb. in that c. that d. which19. the factory _ mr. li used to work was closed last week. a. whenb. where c. thatd. which20. do you still remember the day _ we first met? a. thatb. when c. what d. on that21. october 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget. a. when b. that c. whered. in which22. october 1, 1949 was the day _ the peoples republic of china was founded. a. whichb. when c. whered. in which23. is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? a. whichb. where c. in whichd. what25. i still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and i used to sit in the evening. a. whatb. which c. thatd. where26. have you seen the girl _? a. that i told b. i told you of c. whom i told d. i told of28. finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police. a. which b. that c. what d. whatever29. the lecture spoke of some writers and novels _ were known to us all. a. which b. that c. who d. what30. i can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and i used to sit in the evening. a. what b. which c. that d. where 32. the only question _ is to find our way home. a. that mattered b. that matters c. which matteredd. matter 34. the farmers used wood to build a house _ grain can be stored. a. with whichb. where c. in that d. which 1. -do you know the man _is talking with your father？-yes， hes our headmaster.a. he b. who c. which d. whom2. is this the river _i can swim？a. which b. in which c. that d. the one3. this is the best hotel in the city _i know.a. where b. which c. that d. it4. can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？a. that you bought b. you bought itc. that you bought it d. which you bought it5. anyone _with what i said may put up you hands.a. which agrees b. who agreec. who agrees d. which agree6. my watch is not the only thing _ is missing.a. that b. it c. which who7. the man _coat is black is