名词及所有格.doc

名词及所有格一、 名词的种类：名词的概念：名词是用来表示人名、地名、事物名称及其抽象概念的词类，在句子中往往做主语、宾语、表语，有时也做定语。 可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 rice, sugar名词分为：不可数名词 抽象名词 work, information专有名词 Shanghai, English二、 名词的数：可数名词有单数和复数之分，如 a book, two books。名词复数的构成法：规则：例词备注一般情况在词尾加-sschool-school, girls -girls少数以o结尾的单词需加-es,请记住tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes, Heroheroes(英雄) 以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的词加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, match-matches, fish-fishes当fish表示的是几条鱼时单复形式相同，one fish, two fish, 当fish指的是不同种类的鱼时，要加-es,当fish指的是可以吃的小菜时，为不可数。以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i， 再加-esfamily-families, city-cities以元音字母加-y结尾构成字母组合的单词直接加-s, 如boys。以f或fe结尾的单词，把f或fe变为v再加-eslifelives, shelf-shelves少数以f或fe结尾的单词可直接加-s, 如 roofs, chiefs。特殊情况：1、 个别名词单复数同性，如one Chinese, two Chinese, one Japanese, two Japanese, one sheep, two sheep, one deer, two deer(两只梅花鹿)2、 有的名词复数形式由改变单数名词的元音字母构成，如manmen,womanwomen, footfeet, tooth-teeth , goosegeese, mousemice, policemanpolicemen, businesswomanbusinesswomen 等。3、 有的名词复数形式由单数名词加后缀构成，如childchildren , oxoxen等。4、 有的名词单数形式表复数概念，如people(人们), police（警察） 三、 不可数名词及其数量的表示1不可数名词没有复数形式，但paper 在作为报纸或讲义解释时为可数名词，news(消息)尽管以-s，结尾，实为不可数名词。2不可数名词可以用量词来修饰，如 a piece of paper/news/ bread/meat a glass of milk/watera cup of tea a bottle of ink two loaves of bread some advice a little work a lot of homework四、 专有名词专有名词是表示具体的人名、地名或事物、机构等名称，通常第一个字母大写，且多不加冠词，但由普通名词构成的专有名词除外。January (月份)， Wednesday (星期)， China, New York（地名），Mr. Green(称呼)，John Smith(人名)， the Great Wall (由普通名词构成的专有名词)五、 名词所有格1 表示有生命的名词所有格：（1） 一般在名词后加-s，如Toms English teacher, Li Leis school bag（2） 以s结尾的复数名词所有格，一般只在名词右上角加，如the teachers office, the students desks, 但以s结尾的单数名词所有格加s,如my bosss glasses (我老板的眼镜)（3） 如两个人共同拥有同样的东西，则在最后一个名词的后面加s，如果是各自拥有的，则两个名词后面都要加s,如Lucy and Lilys bedroom（共有），Lucys and Lilys schoolbags (各自所有)2表示无生命的名词所有格 （1）通常采用“of +名词”结构来表示无生命的名词所有格，放在被修饰名词的后面, 如the gate of the school, the door of the bus （2）有些表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词也可加s构成所有格，如todays newspaper, ten minutes walk （3）双重所有格双重所有格是将of所有格和s所有格结合在一起的形式，表示整体中的一部分或其中一个，如a friend of mine, a classmate of my fathers六、 修饰可数名词和不可数名词的量词修饰可数名词的量词：many , (a) few, a pair of , a group of修饰不可数名词的量词：much, (a) little, a piece of既可修饰也可修饰不可数的量词：some, a lot of, lots of 针对性练习I. Pick out the countable nouns and change them into the plural form(找出下列名词中的可数名词并改为复数形式)1. mouse _ 2. Chinese _3. milk_4. brush_5. bus_6. tomato_7. water_8. knife_9. sheep_10. radio_ .11. tooth_12. toy_13. photo_14. news_15. watch_16. woman_17. newspaper_18. rice_19. bread_20. leaf_II. Translate the following phrases into English(将下列词组翻译成中文)：1. 两袋米 _ 2. 三张纸_3. 四个苹果_4. 五个日本人_5. 我妈妈的一只包_ 6. 昨天的报纸_7. 两盒鸡蛋_8. 许多城市_9. 十二条鱼_10. 一些牛奶_ III. Choose the best answer( 选择最恰当的答案)：( )1. Uncle Tom is a farmer. He keeps many _ on his farm.A. bird B. horse C. pig D. sheep( )2. Could you please get me some _? Im hungry.A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg( )3. Do you know _ ? Is she a doctor?A. Tom and Mikes mother B. Toms and Mikes motherC. Tom and Mikes mothers D. Toms and Mikes mothers( )4. We havent _ homework today.A. many B. much C. a lot of D. lots of ( )5. What colour would you like?A. an orange B. orange C. oranges D. the orange( )6. -Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest bus stop? -Go down this road. Its about _ walk.A. five minutes B. five minutes C. five-minutes D. five minutes( )7. Mother bought two _this morning, so we will have_ for lunch.A. fish, fish B. fishes, fish C. fishes, fishes D. fish, fishes( )8. Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat.A. three bread B. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads D. three piece of bread ( )9. -Would you like something to drink? -Oh, yes, just a little _, please. A. milk B. apple C. pears D. oranges ( )10. June 1st is _ Day.A. Child Childs C. Children D. ChildrensIV. Rewrite the following sentences as required(句型转换)：1. I want to buy some books. (改为一般疑问句) _ you want to buy _ books?2. Tom got many gifs on his birthday. (改为否定句)Tom _ _ many gifts on his birthday.3. There are five people in my family. (就划线部分提问)