全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案全.doc

必修4universe n. 宇宙；世界worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的strain n.（植物的）品种；种类mailbox n. （美）邮筒；信箱prime minister 首相；丞相terrify vt . 使恐怖；恐吓studio n. 工作室；演播室n. 呼吁；恳求household adj. 家庭的；家用的 Unit 1Text Organization P11: -PartsParagraphs Main IdeasPart OneParas 1-2Introduction Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part TwoParas 3-11Napoleons military campaign against RussiaPart ThreeParas 12-20Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart FourPara 21ConclusionThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.SectionsParagraphsMain IdeasSection OneParas 12-13Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earth policySection TwoParas 14-18the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection 33TTThreeThreeParas 19-20the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warOf the warP14 VocabularyI.1.1) alliance 3) stroke 5) minus 7) declarations2) at the cost of4) limp6) regions 8) siege9) raw10) bide his time11) have taken their toll12) in the case ofP15 2.1) is faced with2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get throughP163.1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike.3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date / obsolete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.P17 II. More Synonyms in Context1)During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of themost dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.2)Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all mywords.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.P18 III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeksand nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4)Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warmyou could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.P19 Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze2.stand in the way4.catching. off his guard6.declaration8.drag on10.bringing.to a halt(A)1. invasion3. Conquest5. launching7. campaign9. reckon with 10.bringto a haltP19-(B)1. allow2.reckoned3. highly4.forecasts5. rapidly6.instant7. delivery8.advantage9. observing10.Powerful P20 II. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs. The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckly enough,thanks to the severe cold weather which made the marsh froze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.Part III TextB.-2. d 4. aComprehension Check1. d 3. bTranslation(#JE Appendix III)Language Practice1. boast2.obstacles3. was concerned4.call .off5. paid off6.was pinned down7. are contesting8.prior to9. holdout10.objective11. responsible for12.in case13. favorable14.due to15. on the eve of16.cancel17. complications18.stiff19. withstand20.absentPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksWriting StrategyTick which of the following is more convincing:It was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had nohesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.Eisenhowers chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:. He sat there . tense, weighing every consideration. Finally he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said briskly, well, well go.P28 Model PaperCan Man Triumph over Nature?When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of mans success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of-disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.(154 words)Unit 2Text org. Ex. 2 On P381. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;2. They can eliminate most of car accidents3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen4. They can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby;5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-391) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time 7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) convertedI. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-421.expansion 2. automated 3. vapor 4. take control of5. hazards 6. satellite 7.vibrated 8.magnetic 9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got/was stuck in 12.approximatelyVocabulary: Ex.2 on P421. send out 2. stand up for 3. pass for 4. were closing in on 5. starting up 6. went through 7. fill out8. fall intoVocabulary: Ex.3 on P431) incorporates all the latest safety features.2) two trees ten feet apart.3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) are correlated in all racial groups.Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P431) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word Formation on P45KilogramMedical careMemorandumElectronic mailGymnasiumCommunications satelliteLiberationNews broadcastDoctorSky hijackVeterinarianEuropean dollarPreparatoryBreakfast and lunchAutomobileTelevision broadcastinfluenzaOxford and Cambridge-III. Usage on P45-461) swimming pool2 ) drawing board3 ) enriched Middle English4 ) disturbing change5 ) fully developed prototype6 ) Canned foods7 ) working population8 ) puzzling differencesComprehensive Exs.: I. cloze 1. Text-related on P461) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2. Theme-related on P471) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation Ex. 1 on P47-481) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Translation : Ex. 2 on P48 Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams. UNIT3Language Sense Enhancement on P72 1) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospective Language focusVoc. Ex. 1 on P751) rude 2) physically 3) structure4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner Voc. Ex. 2&3 on P76 Ex. 2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up7) be hooked up to 8) closed upEx. 3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. Voc . Ex. 4 on P771）applicants, veteran, the prospective2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely II. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 781. Behave 2. used to avoid repetition 3. clean4. get along 5. perform/complete 6. perform/complete7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable iii. Usage on P79-80 1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin.OK,Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. Bythe way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive Exercises Cloze 1. Text-related on P80(1) Prospective (2)As I see it(3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) Endeavor (6) structure (7) Partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint(11) make a difference (12) follow up2. Theme-related on P81(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibit Translation on P81-82 1) Despite theinadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, theveteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and ourpartner has the capital.Working together, well have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. Yousee, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area. Translation 2. on P82 Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment.From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success. Part III Home Reading Task Comprehension Check on P871.b 2.c 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.bTranslation on P871.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。“你要有后台才行。那可是一家美国机构，洛克菲勒基金会。你一定要有后台。” 2.当然，不工作就没饭吃，除非嫁人，那叫做“终于有了归宿。” 3.她留着新式的发型，是我所喜欢的那种满头卷发竖立着的式样，穿着下摆印有花纹的裙子。由于她怀孕已快足月，所以她向我走过来时似乎是她的肚子最先到达我的面前。4.我跟哈内德先生说了，你刚才是因害羞不安而没法做记录的。他挺不错的，只要慢慢习惯起来就行了 Language Practice Ex. 1. on P881) g 2)f 3) a 4) e 5) h 6) b 7) c 8) dEx. 2. on P88-891) intricate 2) came at3) administration 4) benign5) get in 6) scraps7) brand 8) carved9) coiled 10) quivered11) take on 12) put in a (good) wordP90 Model Application LetterRm.316,New College DormitoryXuanwu University,2270 Zhongshan RoadNanjing,Jiangsu,210008TelL025)9709399Email:August 25,2010Dr.Guoliang LiDirctor of the Human Resources OfficeShanghai Star20F,Huaihai Building200 Huaihai Road(Middle)Shanghai 200021Dear Dr.Li, In searching for employment opportunities on the Internet,I learned of a job vacancy in the Public Affairs Reporting Section of your newspaper. I believe that my qualifications match the requirements you have listed for the position. As a journalism major at Xuanwu University in Nanjing, my academic training has enabled me to develop my writing and editing skills,particularly in the reporting of public affairs. At college,English, Reporting Public Affairs, Advertising and Public Relations have been my favorite subjects. I would like to utilize my interests and training to the fullest through working on a newspaper as well-known as your own. My resume reflects my experience as a journalistic intern with two newspapers in Nanjing. While working there I did both research work and reporting. I greatly enjoyed work as a professional reporter and the challenge of writing to deadlines,all of which I successfully met. I have won several awards for my journalistic work and was admitted to the Journalists Association of Jiangsu Province last year. I wasthe vice chairman of the Students Union in my university for two years. The enclosed resume provides further information about my experience and background. I wonder if it would be possible for us to meet one of these days so that you could learn more about me and I could find out more about the specifics of the job. Please call me anytime on (025)9709399 Monday through Friday. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely, Hong QinUnit 4Text AText rganization 1. P103PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-3Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic ForumPart TwoParas 4-5Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culturePart Three ppppPTThreeThreeParas 6-8History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospectsPart FourParas. 9-11Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces2. Main Events1. Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.2. Davos M