四川大学考博英语历年真题及答案解析.pdf

川大金榜考研考博网提供 川大金榜考研川大金榜考研- -四川大学考博英语历年真题及答案解析四川大学考博英语历年真题及答案解析 四川大学 2012 考博英语真题及答案详解 spaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses. 1.thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.a.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsportsb.thedifferentcharact eristicsofsportsc.theattractionoffootballd.theattractionofbaseball 2.thosewhodontlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.a.itisonlytothetasteoftheoldb.itinvolvesfewerplay ersthanfootballc.itisnotexcitingenoughd.itispretentiousandlooksfunny3.theauthoradmitsthat. a.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung b.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedontvc.footballismoreattractingthanbaseballd.baseballis moreinterestingthanfootball 4.bystating“icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans(4thparagraphlastsentence):a.thethird basemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame. b.evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult.c.thethir dbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkw ell. d.theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit.5.wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor.a.likesf ootballb.hatesfootballc.hatesbaseballd.likesbaseballvocabulary 1.dugoutn.棒球场边供球员休息的地方 2.pitchern.投手 3.symphonyn.交响乐 4.chambern.室内 5.contemplatevt.沉思，注视长难句解析 【解析】此句的主干是“baseballmeanswatching” ，其中“infunnytightoutfits”用来 修饰“grownmen”,“standing”和“staring”用来做“grownmen”的定语。 【译文】 对于他们来说， 棒球就是在无聊的几个小时中几个身着紧身衣的大人伫立在场地周 围没事可做地东张西望。 【解析】这是一个复合句， “goesup ” ， “flexes” “takes” ， “glances”做“thethirdbaseman”的并 川大金榜考研考博网提供 列谓语。 【译文】但每当投球手掷出球的那一瞬间，你再看吧，三垒运动员脚尖点地，屈臂或把接球 手套直指前方，左右移动步伐，或前或后，或许他还要越过场地盯着一垒球手的动作。 答案与详解 【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。 1.d 主旨题。文章第一段简述了人们对垒球所持的偏见认为它毫无活力、从容和缓，不 像橄榄球那样高潮迭起、令人激动。文章的第二、三、四、五段探讨了垒球的根本特征及欣 赏角度， 文章的最后一句话用一个比喻概括了垒球的魅力：“如果橄榄球是一曲交响乐的话， 那么，垒球中所表现出来的运动恰似一曲优美的室内乐。 ”可见，本文主要探讨的是垒球的 特点及其欣赏。a 不对，第一段也确实提到了不同观众对不同运动形式的偏好，但这只是用 以引出对垒球的特征及欣赏的讨论。 2.c 细节题。 文章第一段指出： 许多人不喜欢垒球， 一提起垒球这些人就打哈欠甚至皱眉头。 对他们来说，看垒球意味着眼巴巴地观望着身着运动装(outfit)的人呆立在球场上，东瞧瞧西 望望，很少有什么(激动人心的)事发生没意思透了。他们认为这样的运动更适合上个世 纪的人的口味，不像橄榄球那样充满活力。a 意为： “它只适合老年人的口味。 ”注意：原文 说的是适合上个世纪的人的口味，二者意味不一样。d 意为： “它矫揉造作、滑稽可笑。 ”这 与说它 gentlemanly(具有绅士风度，矜持，即：没有冲撞或拼抢)不一样。 3.b 推断题。第三段指出，在电视上，垒球运动被切换成不同角度的画面，而且不断地使用 重放、 特写等电视制作技术， 这破坏了该运动的整体运动感， 使观众无法将自己投入(project) 到运动中去， 以体会到这种寓动于静的运动之美。 电视做不到这一点(thetvwon tdoitforyou)， 因此，电视上的垒球比赛看上去(seems)孤孤单单、冷冷清清、沉沉静静、慢慢腾腾。c、d 不对，作者仅指出了不同运动有不同运动的特征，并未说哪种运动优于哪种。参阅文章最后 一句。 4.b 推断题。第四段整个都在描述垒球场上的一个场景：拿三垒的运动员假设对方全投出好 球，作好了一切准备，但是对方投出的并不是好球。所以在那时候他的准备做不做都不会影 响比赛结果。 他说本来可以闭上眼睛， 意思就是 b 项所写的。 a、 c、 d 都不符合作者的意图。 这道题需要完整地了解第四段内容才能作好选择。 川大金榜考研考博网提供 5.d 推断题。在本文中，作者主要探讨了垒球的特征及欣赏，作者着重指出的是：只有根据 垒球的特征来欣赏它，才能体会到它的魅力。在他看来，观察到垒球比赛中运动员的各种动 作、垒球位之间的关系等是欣赏它的关键(第三段第二句)。只有从整体来把握它，才能看到 每一个小的动作、每一个眼神乃至于“静止”的意义，也只有这样，才能全身心地投入比赛 中，欣赏到它的魅力。可见，作者对垒球有很深的理解而且非常喜爱垒球。主要参考第三、 四、五段。 amongthemorecolorfulcharactersofleadvillesgoldenagewereh.a.w.taborandhissecondwife,eliza bethmccourt,betterknownas“babydoe”.theirhistoryisfastbecomingoneofthelegendsoftheoldwes t.horaceaustinwarnertaborwasaschoolteacherinvermont.withhisfirstwifeandtwochildrenheleftv ermontbycoveredwagonin1855tohomesteadinkansas.perhapshedidnotfindfarmingtohisliking,orp erhapshewasluredbyrumorsoffortunestobemadeincoloradomines.atanyrate,afewyearslaterhemo vedwesttothesmallcoloradominingcampknownascaliforniagulch,whichhelaterrenamedleadville whenhebecameitsleadingcitizen.“greatdepositsofleadaresuretobefoundhere.”hesaid. asitturnedout,itwassilver,notlead,thatwastomakeleadville sfortuneandwealth.taborknewlittleaboutmininghimself,soheopenedageneralstore,whichsoldever ythingfrombootstosalt,flour,andtobacco.itwashiscustomto“grubstake” prospectiveminers,inotherwords,tosupplythemwithfoodandsupplies,or“grub”,whiletheylookedfor ore,inreturnforwhichhewouldgetashareinthemineif onewasdiscovered. hedidthisforanumberofyears,butnoonethatheaidedeverfoundanythingofvalue. finallyonedayintheyear1878,sothestorygoes,twominerscameinandaskedfor“grub”.taborhaddecid edtoquitsupplyingitbecausehehadlosttoomuchmoneythatway.thesewerepersistent,however,andt aborwastoobusytoarguewiththem.“ohhelpyourself.onemoretimewontmakeanydifference,”hesai dandwentonsellingshoesandhatstoothercustomers.thetwominerstook$17worthofsupplies,inretur nforwhichtheygavetaboraone-thirdinterestintheirfindings.theypickedabarrenplaceonthemountai nsideandbegantodig.afterninedaystheystruckarichveinofsilver.taborboughtthesharesoftheothert women,andsotheminebelongedtohimalone.thismine,knownasthe“pittsburghmine,”made 叁 1300000fortaborinreturnforhis$17investment. 川大金榜考研考博网提供 latertaborboughtthematchlessmineonanotherbarrenhillsidejustoutsidethetownfor$117000.thist urnedouttobeevenmorefabulousthanthepittsburgh,yielding$35000worthofsilverperdayatonetime .leadvillegrew.taborbecameitsfirstmayor,andlaterbecamelieutenantgovernorofthestate. 1.leadvillegotitsnameforthefollowingreasonsexcept.a.becausetaborbecameitsleadingcitizen b.becausegreatdepositsofleadisexpectedtobefoundtherec.becauseitcouldbringgoodfortunetotab ord.becauseitwasrenamed 2.theword“grubstake”inparagraph2means.a.tosupplyminerswithfoodandsuppliesb.toopenagener alstore c.todoonescontributiontothedevelopmentofthemine d.tosupplyminerswithfoodandsuppliesandinreturngetashareinthemine,ifonewasdiscovered3.tabo rmadehisfirstfortune. a.bysupplyingtwoprospectiveminersandgettinginreturnaone-thirdinterestinthefindingsb.because hewaspersuadedbythetwominerstoquitsupplyingc.bybuyingthesharesoftheotherd.asalandspecul ator 4.theunderlyingreasonfortaborslifecareeris.a.purelyaccidental b.basedontheanalysisofminersbeingverypoorandtheirpossibilityofdiscoveringprofitableminingsit e c.throughthehelpfromhissecondwife d.heplannedwellandaccomplishedtargetsstepbystep 5.ifthispassageisthefirstpartofanarticle,whomightbeintroducedinthefollowingpart?a.taborslife. b.taborssecondwife,elizabethmccourt. theplanetwillbenettedtogether.asaresult,inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwideni ntheyearsahead.andthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforc ombatingworldpovertythatweveeverhad. ofcourse,theuseoftheinternetisnttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.andtheinternetisnottheonlytoolwe 川大金榜考研考博网提供 have.butithasenormouspotential. totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colon ialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasio noftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofaso ciety)intheunitedstates.whentheunitedstatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnthavethecapit altodoso.andthatiswhyamericassecondwaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,po rtsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.theenglish,thegermans,thedutchandthefrenchwer einvestinginbritainsformercolony.theyfinancedthem.immigrantamericansbuiltthem.guesswhoo wnsthemnow?theamericans.ibelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikebraziloranywhereelse forthatmatter.themoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourthirdwaveinfrastructure,which todayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyouregoingtobe.thatdoesntmeanlyingdownandbe comingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimport anttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheinte rnet. agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintothei nfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.andthat_1_doesexisttoday.mywifeandilecturedaboutthisl oomingdangertwentyyearsago.whatwasless_2_then,however,werethenew,positive_3_thatw orkagainstthedigitaldivide._4_,therearereasonstobe_5_. therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.astheinternetbecomesmoreand more_6_,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themor epotential_7_thereare.moreandmore_8_,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft_9_,wanttospreadi nternetaccess.withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe_10_toget her.asaresult,inowbelievethedigitaldividewill_11_ratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.andthatisv erygoodnewsbecausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor_12_worldpovertythatwe veeverhad. ofcourse,theuseoftheinternetisnttheonlywayto_13_poverty.andtheinternetisnottheonlytoolw ehave.butithas_14_potential. to_15_advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialpre 川大金榜考研考博网提供 judices_16_respecttoforeigninvestment.countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an_17_ oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof_18_(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)in theunitedstates.whentheunitedstatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnthavethecapitaltodos o.andthatis_19_americassecondwaveinfrastructure-_20_roads,harbors,highways,portsand soon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.1.a)divideb)informationc)worldd)lecture2.a)obscureb)visi blec)invisibled)indistinct3.a)forcesb)obstaclesc)eventsd)surprises 4.a)seriouslyb)entirelyc)actuallyd)continuously5.a)negativeb)optimisticc)pleasantd)disappointe d6.a)developedb)centralizedc)realizedd)commercialized7.a)usersb)producersc)customersd)citiz ens 8.a)enterprisesb)governmentsc)officialsd)customers9.a)awayb)forc)asided)behind10.a)nettedb )workedc)putd)organized11.a)decreaseb)narrowc)neglectd)low 12.a)containingb)preventingc)keepingd)combating13.a)winb)detailc)defeatd)fear 14.a)enormousb)countlessc)numericald)big15.a)bringb)keepc)holdd)take16.a)atb)withc)ofd)fo r 17.a)offenceb)investmentc)invasiond)insult 18.a)constructionb)facilityc)infrastructured)institution19.a)whyb)wherec)whend)how 20.a)concerningb)concludingc)accordingd)including 答案详解 1.a 由文中第一行的 digitaldivide 得出答案。 2.bobscure 模糊的，不清楚的；visible 看得见的，明显的；invisible 看不见的；indistinct 不 清楚的，模糊的。空格前的 less 已有否定意义 3.aforce 力量，武力；obstacle 障碍；event 事件；surprise 惊奇，诧异。句意：现在有新的、 乐观的力量来对抗数字鸿沟。 4.cseriously 认真地；entirely 完全的；actually 实际上；continuously 连续地。 5.bnegative 消极的；optimistic 乐观的；pleasant 令人愉快的；disappointed 令人失望的。前 文说有积极的力量在对抗数字鸿沟的不利因素，因此，实际上我们有理由保持乐观的态度。 川大金榜考研考博网提供 6.ddevelop 发展；centralize 集中；realize 认识到；commercialize 使商业化，由下文“网络有 利于商业途径的普及” ，可知此处表述的意思是网络越来越商业化。intheinterestof.为了. 的利益 7.cuser 使用者；producer 生产者；customer 消费者；citizen 公民。句意：越多的人上网就 有越多的潜在消费者。 8.benterprise 企业，事业；government 政府；official 官员；句意：越来越多的政府害怕他们 的国家.9.dleavebehind 留下， 超过与 leave 相关的短语： leaveaside 把某事搁置一边 leaveout 省去，遗漏，不考虑 leaveoff 停止，不再穿 10.a 网络把人们联系在一起，选 netted 11.bdecrease 减少，narrow 变窄；neglect 忽视，疏忽；low 降低句意：因此，我现在认为数 字鸿沟是在变窄而不是在拓宽 12.dcontain 包含，容纳；prevent 防止，阻止；keep 保留，保持；combat 战斗，搏斗 13.cwin 赢得；detail 详述，细说；defeat 击败，战胜；fear 畏惧。 14.aenormous 巨大的；countless 无数的；numerical 数字的。potential 作名词为不可数，不 能用 countless 修饰，big 一般表示尺寸、数字、范围上的大。15.dtakeadvantageof 利用 16.bwithrespectto 关于，至于 with 也可换成 in.表示关于的还有 withregardto,concerning 等。 17.coffence 冒犯；investment 投资；invasion 入侵；insult 侮辱 18.cconstruction 建筑；facility 设备；infrastructure 基础设施；institution 公共机构，制度。 从后文中出现的 infrastructure 可以轻易得到答案。19.a 表语从句，表示原因， “这也就是为 什么.” 20.dconcerning 关于；concluding 结束的；according 根据；including 包括。 thecourseofhistoryisneversmooth.itissometimesbesetwithdifficultiesandobstaclesandnothingsho rtofaheroicspiritcanhelpsurmountthem.amightylongriversometimesflowsthroughabroadsectionw ithplainslyingboundlessoneitherside,itswatersrollingonnon-stopforthousandsuponthousandsofmi les.sometimesitcomesupagainstanarrowsectionflankedbyhighmountainsandsteepcliffs,windingth roughacoursewithmanyaperiloustwistandturn.anation,inthecourseofitsdevelopment,fareslikewis 川大金榜考研考博网提供 e.thehistoricalcourseofmanslifeisjustlikeajourney.atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabr oad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.汉译英： （回忆版） 1 目前面临中华的民族的历史进程，充满了艰难险阻。2.三个*冒着高温和浓烟，营救出了 孩子们。 3.英国人能写小说和戏剧，偶尔也能出一名世界著名的画家。但是对于电影，他们却取得很 少的功绩。4 理智战胜困难说着容易做着难。 5 长城东起山海关西到嘉峪关，全长六千公里，被称为万里长城。 汉语原文：历史的道路，不会是坦平的，有时走到艰难险阻的境界。这是全靠雄健的精神才 能冲过去的。一条浩浩荡荡的长江大河，有时流到很宽阔的境界，平原无际，一泻万里。有 时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山迭岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于期间，回环曲折，极其险峻。民 族生命的进展，其经历亦复如是。人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过 的地方， 有时是坦荡平原， 有时是崎岖险路。 汉语出处： 艰难的国运与雄健的国民 作者： 李大钊，译者：张培基。作文：benefitsofvolunteering lasteditedbyxushifa666on2012-3-28at23:13appleorbear(站内联系 ta)感觉这些做的还行， 错不 了几个 lzl8181(站内联系 ta) 2001 年第 2 篇考研阅读题真题改成的完形填空 agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintothei nfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.andthat_1_doesexisttoday.mywifeandilecturedaboutthisl oomingdangertwentyyearsago.whatwasless_2_then,however,werethenew,positive_3_thatw orkagainstthedigitaldivide._4_,therearereasonstobe_5_. therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.astheinternetbecomesmoreand more_6_,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themor epotential_7_thereare.moreandmore_8_,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft_9_,wanttospreadi nternetaccess.withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbe_10_toget her.asaresult,inowbelievethedigitaldividewill_11_ratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.andthatisv erygoodnewsbecausetheinternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor_12_worldpovertythatwe veeverhad. 川大金榜考研考博网提供 ofcourse,theuseoftheinternetisnttheonlywayto_13_poverty.andtheinternetisnottheonlytoolw ehave.butithas_14_potential. to_15_advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialpre judices_16_respecttoforeigninvestment.countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an_17_ oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof_18_(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)in theunitedstates.whentheunitedstatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidnthavethecapitaltodos o.andthatis_19_americassecondwaveinfrastructure-_20_roads,harbors,highways,portsand soon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.1.a)divideb)informationc)worldd)lecture2.a)obscureb)visi blec)invisibled)indistinct3.a)forcesb)obstaclesc)eventsd)surprises4.a)seriouslyb)entirelyc)actual lyd)continuously5.a)negativeb)optimisticc)pleasantd)disappointed6.a)developedb)centralizedc) realizedd)commercialized7.a)usersb)producersc)customersd)citizens 8.a)enterprisesb)governmentsc)officialsd)customers9.a)awayb)forc)asided)behind10.a)nettedb )workedc)putd)organized11.a)decreaseb)narrowc)neglectd)low 12.a)containingb)preventingc)keepingd)combating13.a)winb)detailc)defeatd)fear 14.a)enormousb)countlessc)numericald)big15.a)bringb)keepc)holdd)take16.a)atb)withc)