变电站建设的一般要求毕业设计外文翻译.doc

长 春 工 业 大 学毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译学 院 电气与电子工程学院专业班级 110310指导教师 姓 名 外文出处 International journal of electrical power and energy systems2015年 5月10日 General Requirements to Construction of SubstationCarpentier J; Optimal Power FlowsInternational journal of electrical power and energy systems, EI SCI 2011 Feb Substations are a vital element in a power supply system of industrial enterprisesThey serve to receive ，convert and distribute electric energy .Depending on power and purpose ,the substations are divided into central distribution substations for a voltage of 110-500kV;main step-down substations for110-220/6-10-35kV;deep entrance substations for 110-330/6-10kV;distribution substations for 6-10kV;shop transformer substations for 6-10/0.38-0.66kV.At the main step-down substations, the energy received from the power source is transformed from 110-220kV usually to 6-10kV(sometimes 35kV) which is distributed among substations of the enterprise and is fed to high-voltage services.Central distribution substations receive energy from power systems and distribute it (without or with partial transformation) via aerial and cable lines of deep entrances at a voltage of 110-220kV over the enterprise territory .Central distribution substation differs from the main distribution substation in a higher power and in that bulk of its power is at a voltage of 110-220kV;it features simplified switching circuits at primary voltage; it is fed from the power to an individual object or region .Low-and medium-power shop substations transform energy from 6-10kV to a secondary voltage of 380/220 or 660/380.Step-up transformer substations are used at power plants for transformation of energy produced by the generators to a higher voltage which decreases losses at a long-distance transmission .Converter substations are intended to convert AC to DC (sometimes vice versa) and to convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are convert energy of one frequency to another .Converter substations with semiconductor rectifiers are most economic. Distribution substations for 6-10kV are fed primarily from main distribution substations (sometimes from central distribution substations).With a system of dividing substations for 110-220kV, the functions of a switch-gear are accomplished by switch-gears for 6-10kV at deep entrance substations.Depending on location of substations their switch-gear may be outdoor or indoor. The feed and output lines at 6-10kV substations are mainly of the cable type .at 35-220kV substations of the aerial type .When erecting and wiring the substations, major attention is given to reliable and economic power supply of a given production.Substations are erected by industrial methods with the use of large blocks and assemblies prepared at the site shops of electric engineering organizations and factories of electrical engineering industry .Substations are usually designed for operation without continuous attendance of the duty personnel but with the use of elementary automatic and signaling devices.When constructing the structural part of a substation .it is advisable to use light-weight industrial structures and elements (panels ,floors ,etc.) made of bent sections .These elements are pre-made outside the erection zone and are only assembled at site .This considerably cuts the terms and cost of construction.Basic circuitry concepts of substations are chosen when designing a power supply system of the enterprise .Substations feature primary voltage entrances .transformers and output cable lines or current conductors of secondary voltage .Substations are mounted from equipment and elements described below .The number of possible combinations of equipment and elements is very great .When elaborating a substation circuitry ,it is necessary to strive for maximum simplification and minimizing the number of switching devices .Such substations are more reliable and economic .Circuitry is simplified by using automatic enclosure or automatic change over to reserve facility which allows rapid and faultless redundancy of individual elements and using equipment.When designing transformer substations of industrial enterprises for all voltages, the following basic considerations are taken into account:1.Preferable employment of a single-bus system with using two-bus systems only to ensure a reliable and economic power supply;2.Wide use of unitized constructions and bustles substations;3.Substantiated employment of automatics and telemetry ;if the substation design does not envisage the use of automatics or telemetry ,the circuitry is so arranged as to allow for adding such equipment in future without excessive investments and re-work.4.Use of simple and cheap devices-isolating switches ,short-circuiting switches ,load-breaking isolators ,fuses ,with due regard for their switching capacity may drastically cut the need for expensive and critical oil ,vacuum ,solenoid and air switches .Substation and switch-gear circuitries are so made that using the equipment of each production line is fed from individual transformers ,assemblies ,the lines to allow their disconnection simultaneously with mechanisms without disrupting operation of adjacent production flows.When elaborating circuitry of a substation, the most vital task is to properly choose and arrange switching devices (switches, isolators, current limiters, arresters, high-voltage fuses).The decision depends on the purpose, power and significance of the substation.Power System Substation is an important and indispensable component of the power it assumed the task of conversion and distribution of grid security and the economy play a decisive role in running is to contact the users power plants and intermediate links. With economic development, expanding grid capacity, reliability of operation of the power grid is getting higher and higher requirements. Development of science and technology, intelligent switches, photoelectric current and voltage transformer, a run-line state detection, training simulation Substation Operation matures, such as high-tech, as well as fiber-optic technology, computer high-speed network system in the development of real-time applications, bound to the existing substation automation technology have a profound impact, all-digital substation automation system development trend. Power system is operated by the production, transmission, distribution and consumption of a variety of power linked to the composition of electrical equipment. As a result of a large number of powers can not be stored, we must ensure that the production of electricity and energy balance. With the scientific and technological advances in the technological development of our country has reached a certain level. Intelligent switches, photoelectric current and voltage transformer, a run-line state detection, training simulation Substation Operation matures, such as high-tech, as well as fiber-optic technology, computer high-speed network system in the development of real-time applications, significantly increase the transformation degree of automation.Design of our substation cable programs tend to be simple, many of the recent domestic new 220 k V substation and 110kV voltage levels of wiring without the use of dual-bus bypass bus. The use of GIS, the priority sub-bus single wire. Terminal Substation, the line as far as possible, such as transformer unit wiring. A large number of the introduction of new technology, transformer substation rising level of electrical equipment, power distribution devices from the traditional form of moving toward oil-free, vacuum switches, SF6 switches and mechanical, electrical equipment combination of the development of small-scale integration. In recent years the world famous high-voltage electrical equipment companies have been developing, the development of the various types of 145-550 kV outdoor high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure combination of electrical appliances, some high-voltage switchgear plant has also started production of 145 k V compact outdoor portfolio electrical appliances. Smart plug-in type outdoor switchgear is a more complete high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure switch system, which includes electrical first and second equipment, as well as the associated fiber optic cable, such as plug-type compound. The entire distributed substation automation system; the introduction of advanced network technology; substation and the construction area covers an area of reduced substation program to simplify wiring, switchgear, bus and steel pipes, such as the use of stents to substation layout is more simple, the abolition of the former station area and optimize the layout to make a substantial decline in an area substation.With technological advances, the traditional relay protection devices are gradually being replaced by microprocessor-based protection. Microprocessor-based protection is referred to as the protection of PC computer, a digital relay protection, is based on the programmable digital circuit technology and real-time digital signal processing technology of the Power System Protection. At present, both at home and abroad have been developed to 32-bit digital signal processor for hardware-based protection, control, measurement, and data communications integration of microprocessor-based protection control devices, and artificial intelligence technology into a number of relay protection, such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy theory to determine the realization of fault type, fault location, the direction of protection, the main equipment and other new methods of protection. By means of wavelet analysis of the theory of digital signal failure of the entire frequency band information and to achieve fault detection. These artificial intelligence technologies to improve the accuracy of failure to provide a means of identification, but also some single-frequency signal based on the traditional method difficult to identify the problems to be resolved. At present, the microprocessor-based relay protection is along the microprocessor-based protection network, and intelligent, adaptive and protection, control, measurement, signal, data communications integration direction.The most basic request that charged barbed wire net in the city circulates is safe and stable. The core problem of charged barbed wire net safety in the city stability wants to build up to be a with the city mutually accommodative of, reasonable of charged barbed wire net structure. This text passes and programs to the charged barbed wire net with electric power and designs the technique principle of the aspect analysis. Elaborated the standard concerning electric voltage grade, power supply credibility, power supply ability and charged barbed wire net safe power supply requests etc. some problems that should notice in the charged barbed wire net safety; And have already aimed at sexs elaborating request to the concrete design principle opposite charged barbed wire net safe power supply of the 220 kV transformer substation and 110kV transformer substation.How to promise power supply credibility1) Satisfy charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard. The power supply network satisfies the request of power supply credibility. The standard that all satisfies N-l, city area center high burden density important customer in the district satisfies the standard of N-2.Disallow transformer over carry. Help a southern city net power supply credibility rate index sign programming target is 99.99%.2) Press to go together with charged barbed wire net burden to transfer ability in the city satisfies following request:The transformer substation loses any once enter line or one set lord transformer but lower power supply ability, win press to go together with charged barbed wire net to have to transfer burden to ensure the ability of power supply.When a female line of transformer substation stops luck because of putting, winning to press to go together with charged barbed wire net should have the ability that transfer all burden.When the 10kV goes together with electric wire road any check to fix or breaks down, going together with the charged barbed wire net should have non- check of transfer to fix, non- breakdown segment ability for carrying. The non- check fixes,The non- breakdown segment carries to the power is off time only for go together with to give or get an electric shock an equipments to pour a Zia operation for time.3) Ask to satisfy a following principle while allowing the capacity of the power outage and the target of the instauration power supply while going together with charged barbed wire net breakdown to make the customer the power is off:The customer of two back track power supplies, after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock.The customer of three back track power supplies , after losing a back track, should be unlimited to give or get an electric shock, again after losing a back track, should satisfy power supply capacity 50-70% is used an electricity.When all of a back track or much customers the power of back track power supplies stopped, resume target time of power supply broke down to handle for a back track restored of ask.At wreath net power supply method in for open the customer in the wreath network, the lowest instauration power supply request for breaking down wreath net is to need to pass charged barbed wire net operation instaurationPower supply of time, its target time need for operating of asks; it is the power supply that passes to go together with net automation restriction to resume an intact block in the lain to go together with net automation circuit.(3)Power supply ability and safety1)Of each electric voltage layer net capacity in the city net, press definitely change the electric capacity carry to compare an allocation, the all levels electric voltage net changes the electric capacity carry compare satisfy the upper limit request that current electric power net in the city programming design lead stipulates.According to 2001 national economy trade committee promulgation of electric power profession standard electric power system safety stability lead middle finger:N.a standard is under the normal movement method of the any component(is like circuit, generator, and transformer.etc.) In the electric power system have no break down or because of break down break to open, electric power system shouldCan keep stable to circulate with normal power supply, other components however carry, electric voltage and frequency all are allowing inside the scope. This is usually called N. one standard.The charged barbed wire net power supply safe standard has-l standard and quasi- N one 2 standards and Ns is one 2 standards.Citys going together with the power supply safety of charged barbed wire net to usually request is to adopt N one standard. It is one 2 standards to have already adopted quasi- N as well at the power supply safety especially important place one 2 standards or Ns.2) Medium press and go together with charged barbed wire net and have certain back up capacity, generally should have 50% Yu degrees, while being any component check and fixing and breaking down and stopping and carrying should pass and pour a Zia operation can keep a segment the customer continue toward the customer or non- trouble power supply, go together with each component of charged barbed wire net while transferring burden however carry, unlimited electricity. When two set lords happen that the power is off at the same time, that is used circuit should adjust above 60% burden.变电站建设的一般要求Carpentier J杂志SCI,EI 2011年2月变电所在电源系统和工业企业中至关重要。他们接收,转换和输送电能,根据能源需求,变电站分为电压为110-500kV的中央枢纽变电站；电压为110-220/6-10-35kV的主降压变电站；110-330/6-10kV区域变电站；电压为6-10kV的地方变电站；电压为6-10/0.38-0.66kV的车间变电所。在主要的降压变电所中,电源转化为110-220kV电压，通常使用6-10kV变电所(有时为35kV变电所)将电压分配给企业和满足某些高压服务。中央枢纽变电站从电力系统接收能量,并通过电压为110-220kV的空中电缆和地下电缆线路分发(不包括或者包括部分变换) 给不同区域。 中央枢纽变电站不同于主配电变电站,它是一个更强大的电力设施,它的电压大部分在110-220kV。它可以简化初级电压、中级电压或地区的开关电路。中低级别变电站改造的能量来自6-10kV的电压,它的二次侧电压为380/220kV或660/380kV。升压变电站用于将电厂电机产生的电压升高,从而有效地减少在远距离输电过程中的能量损失。变电站的能量转换是用半导体整流器来变频,目的是将直流转换成交流(有时相反)以及改变频率。带半导体整流器的变电站最经济。6-10kV的变电站主要是配电变电站(有时为中央配电变电站)。110-220kV变电站出线根据6-10kV变电站的容量进行分配。根据变电站的地理位置，电站设备有露天的和室内的。6-10kV变电站的电缆主要是输出线。在35-220kV变电站中,空中线路的排布架设,主要注重供电的可靠性和经济性。变电站依据大量块积组织的和工业电气行业编写的程序集来搭建。变电站中通常为无连续出勤值班人员操作的基本自动信号设备。变电站中的一部分结构应当采用薄型建造材料和由弯段组成的组件(板材、地板等)。这些元件是在安装区外面建造,然后在这个位置组装的，这样可以有效的削减变电所建造成本。变电站基本电路的设计,是根据企业的供电系统特征选择的。变电站电压的主接线，变压器和输出电缆线路,当前导体的二次电压,变电站安装的设备和元件等多种设备的组合要非常合理。变电站的电路设计要争取切换装置的最简化,和数目的最少化。这样的变电站更可靠、更经济。电路简化是采用自动接入或自动转入储备的方法,允许快速和无错误的自动接入每一个元件和用电设备。当设计工业用变电站时,下面的基本因素都要考虑在；1.优先采用两编组的单总线系统,可以确保可靠和经济的供应电力；2.配套建设和广泛使用；3.变电站使用自动化设备并且支持遥测技术，如果变电站的设计并不支持自动化或遥测、线路要安全而且不允许添加设备，确保以后没有过度投资和返工；4.使用简单、便宜的装置，有绝缘装置的断路器、断路开关、过载保护隔离器、保险丝,预估计他们的交换容量,可考虑大幅度削减昂贵的器件需要和临界油、真空管、螺线管和空气开关的使用。变电站中开关电路的使用,要采用合理的流程来装配,允许它们同时断开而不破坏断开连接的生产流程；变电站线路的架设过程中最重要的一点是要妥善安排与选择转换器件(开关、隔离器、电流限制器、避雷器、高低压熔断器等),这决定了变电站的用途、功能和意义。变电站是电力系统中不可缺少的重要组成部分，它担负着电能转换和分配的任务，对电网的安全和经济运行起着举足轻重的作用，是联系发电厂和用户的中间环节。随着经济的发展，电网容量不断扩大，对电网运行的可靠性要求也越来越高。科学技术的发展、智能化开关,光电式电流电压互感器,一次运行设备,在线状态检测,变电站运行操作培训仿真等高新技术日趋成熟,以及光纤技术、计算机高速网络在实时系统中的开发应用,势必对现有的变电站自动化技术产生深刻的影响,全数字化的变电站自动化系统成为发展的趋势。电力系统是由生产、输送、分配和消费电能的各种电气设备连接在一起组成。由于电能无法大量储存，必须保证用电和电能生产的平衡。随着科学技术的不断进步，我们国家的电力技术发展已经达到一定的水平。智能化开关,光电式电流电压