Unit 9 Death y Tourism.doc

unit 9 death by tourismwarm-uplook at the picture below and answer the following questions. 1. what is this called? what does this rock look like?2. where is it located?3. it has been predicted that this rock may break apart within a few decades. what are the reasons that might cause this to happen? 4. to preserve this rock formation, we must do something before it is too late. discuss possible solutions with your partner and then share your ideas with the class. reading reading tip: what kind of damage has tourism caused to the tourist attractions mentioned?at the entrance to one of the ancient temples of petra in jordan, there is an inscription carved deeply into the soft red rock. it looks as if it has been there for centuries. it could have been written by one of king herod s soldiers, when they were imprisoned in the town in 37 b.c. but closer inspection reveals that it is not so ancient after all. it reads: shane and wendy from sydney were here. april 16, 1996.the ruins of petra were discovered in 1812, but a recent report has concluded that they “are in grave danger of being destroyed by the unstoppable march of tourism.” more than 4,000 tourists a day tramp through petras rocky tombs, wearing away the soft red sandstone, and gradually turning it into a powder. some thoughtless visitors have so little reverence for this sacred place that they think nothing of scratching their names on the rock there.however, it is not just petra that is under threat of destruction. more than 600 million tourists a year now travel the globe and, understandably, vast numbers of them want to visit the worlds most treasured sites, such as indias taj mahal, englands stonehenge, and the national parks of kenya. many destinations that were once too remote to visit are now just a flight or bus trip away, and many have become a part of inexpensive package tours. because of the tourist industry, these sites are now being visited by millions of people annually.tourists are crowding the mediterranean shores, too. the population of 130 million there can swell to 230 million each summer. the once splendid and unspoiled landscape now consists of mile after mile of hotels. yet, this current rate of visitors to the mediterranean is nothing compared with a disturbing projection made by the united nationsthe region could host 760 million holidaymakers by the year of 2025. in spain, france, italy, and most of greece, there is very little undeveloped coastline left, and the mediterranean sea has become the most polluted sea in the whole world.to make matters worse, sightseers are causing serious damage to historic sites just by visiting them. their sightseeing is actually destroying the very thing that they want to see. for example, 7,000 visitors an hour trample in and out of notre dame de paris each day. thirty-five buses, having let their passengers out, wait outside, with the fumes from their engines continuously eating away the delicate stonework of the monument.not all the news is gloomy, however. governments are becoming more aware of the deterioration of these valuable areas and sites, and they are taking action. for example, in taiwan, the fushan botanical garden has been established to protect part of the islands natural environment. different from scenic spots, this reserve preserves the areas natural life by strictly limiting the number of visitors to just 600 during the weekends and requiring visitors to apply in advance for a special entry permit. additionally, many areas of the park are off-limits to tourists, which means that a lot of wildlife is left undisturbed. moreover, an education center has been built to teach visitors about how to have an enhanced respect for the natural environment. these measures have led to an increase in the number of plants and animals in and around the reserve.it used to be unquestioned that travel broadens the mind, but how can this possibly be true nowadays, if the explosive growth of tourism is causing so much harm? if uncontrolled, tourism will continue to harm our cultural and natural treasures, and these things cannot be restored once they have been destroyed. to protect these places from greater damage, governments should set up clear guiding principles to encourage more public participation in environmental protection. as for tourists, they should adopt a stronger sense of responsibility and morality. after all, visiting amazing places around the world should be a privilege, rather than something taken for granted.adapted from “death by tourismdoes tourism ruin everything that it touches?” by giles milton, from the mail on sunday, 05/19/1996. copyright1996 by the mail on sunday. adapted by permission of the publisher.post-readingreading comprehensioni. based on the reading, check the correct description(s) of damage that tourism has caused to the tourist attractions mentioned. 1. the number of tourists can swell to 230 million each summer in every famous scenic spot. 2. with millions of tourists tramping every year, some historical sites, such as petras rocky tombs have been gradually turning into a powder. 3. crowded with hotels, the mediterranean shores are seriously polluted, and there is very little undeveloped coastline left. 4. fumes from tour buses engines are eating away notre dame de paris delicate stonework. 5. to prevent natural preserves and tourist sites from being harmed, tourists should follow the guiding principles set by the government. 6. some thoughtless visitors have so little reverence for sacred places that they think nothing of scratching their names on rocks there.ii. choose the correct answer to each question or statement.( ) 1. what is the main idea of the reading?(a) tourism stimulates economic growth.(b) tourism helps preserve our natural environment.(c) tourism has caused damage to several tourist spots.(d) all tourist spots should be closed immediately, or one day they will be destroyed.( ) 2. the reading does not include _.(a) a brief history of tourism(b) descriptions of the harmful effects of tourism(c) descriptions of how tourists cause damage to scenic sites(d) things we can do to preserve treasured places( ) 3. which of the following places is not under great threat of destruction?(a) petra. (b) the mediterranean coastline.(c) notre dame de paris. (d) the fushan botanical garden.( ) 4. which of the following is not a measure that has been taken to protect the fushan botanical garden?(a) visitors can go there without any entry permit.(b) the authorities strictly limit the number of visitors to 600 during the weekends.(c) not all the areas in the park are open to visitors.(d) an education center is set up to enhance visitors respect for the natural environment.( ) 5. the writer of this article would probably agree that _.(a) more tourist spots are needed(b) package tours are the last thing that most people want more of(c) people can do nothing to prevent historical sites from being destroyed(d) something should be done to reduce the negative effects of tourismtopics for discussioni. according to the reading, what should be done to keep treasured sites safe from greater damage?ii. suppose your hometown was chosen to be a tourist spot. would you agree with this? share your answer with your classmates and explain why. vocabulary, idioms and phrases words for production1. ruin ruin n. c (usu. pl.) the broken parts of a building or structure which has been seriously damaged or almost destroyed遺蹟，廢墟ruin ruin vt. 毀掉，毀壞 after weeks of heavy shelling, people tried to find shelter in the ruins of the damaged city. due to the car crash, the athlete was paralyzed from the neck down. the accident ruined his career and the rest of his life.2. grave grev adj. critical or serious嚴重的，危急的the condition of the patient became so grave that an immediate operation was needed.3. tramp tr8mp vi. to walk with heavy or noisy steps重步行走 tramp tr8mp n. sing. 沉重的腳步聲 i could hardly sleep with my neighbors tramping up and down the stairs all night long. the tramp of the marching feet was accompanied by the sound of the military band.4. tomb tum n. c a stone structure in which a dead person is buried墳墓，墳塚 chinese people show respect to their ancestors by sweeping their tombs annually.5. sacred sekrid adj. considered very important or greatly respected, and thus should not be offended; holy or connected with god or a god備受敬重的，不應冒犯的；神聖的，神的my sister and i are very close. we talk about everything; nothing is sacred.concerned that any noise might disturb the sacred temple, the locals dont even talk once they have entered.6. scratch skr8ts vt. to make or remove some marks using something sharp; to damage the surface of something by making marks刮上、刮去(記號或痕跡)；刮損、刮壞(表面) scratch skr8ts n. c (皮膚上的)擦傷、擦痕；(表面的)劃痕amy scratched a line on the desk and warned tommy not to cross it. my uncles new car was badly scratched. it no longer had a smooth finish. the boy got scratches on his arms and legs after he ran out of the bushes. few customers are willing to pay high prices for a new table with scratches on it.7. vast v8st adj. very large in amount or area龐大的，廣大的a fire destroyed vast areas of the woods; most of the trees were burned down to the ground.8. remote rimot adj. distant in space or in time遙遠的；久遠的 it will take six hours to get to the remote village; it is far away from the city.although the murder happened in the remote past, the police were still able to catch the murderer fifteen years later.9. swell swel (swelled | swollen | swelling) vi. to increase in number or amount; to grow bigger than normal增加；腫脹 with the introduction of the new machines, production costs will fall and profits will swell.amandas arm began to swell up after the bee had stung her.10. splendid splendid adj. (fml.) very beautiful and spectacular壯麗的splendor splend2 n. u (fml.) 壯麗，壯觀 with such splendid views, the rooms in the hotel cost at least us$1,000 per night.the tourists watched the splendor of the golden sunset in stunned silence.11. unspoiled nspoild adj. (of a place) still enjoyable or beautiful because it has not been changed or damaged未受破壞的 spoil spoil vt. 破壞；寵壞 the mayor believed that this piece of land was the only unspoiled place left on earth, so he resisted the development of it.terry spoiled his first date with his arrogant attitude.nina always gets her own way. i think her parents have spoiled her rotten!12. fumes fjumz n. pl. gas or smoke that has an unpleasant smell難聞的氣、煙 the air near the chemical factory is thick with poisonous fumes that are dangerous to breathe in.13. delicate del1k1t adj. easily broken or damaged; carefully decorated脆弱的；精緻的the teacup is made of glass and is very delicate. it will break if you are not careful with it.the delicate pattern on the vase reveals that the artist made it with great care and attention, right down to the smallest detail.14. deterioration ditiri1res1n n. u the process of becoming worse惡化 deteriorate ditiri1ret vi. 惡化 the relationship between daniel and his girlfriend is in a state of deterioration. they have stopped talking to each other.with the weather deteriorating sharply these past few days, the school has decided to put off the game until next tuesday.15. entry entri n. u the act of entering a place; the right to enter a place進入；進入權marians sudden entry into the living room surprised me; she came in without making any noise.entry to the national park is free; everyone has the right to enter it.16. wildlife waildlaif n. u wild plants and animals that live in a natural environment野生動植物 to protect the wildlife in this area, the government will build a nature preserve.17. enhanced inh8nst adj. improved or strengthened加強的，強化的enhance inh8ns vt. 增強，強化 enhancement inh8nsm1nt n. u 增強，強化 with enhanced efficiency, the workers were able to do their jobs better and more quickly. sitting in front of the blue sea, the white house enhanced the contrast of the colors in the painting. for security enhancement of the building, the manager decided to hire another six guards.18. morality mor8l1ti n. u beliefs about what is right and wrong, and how to act道德moral mor1l adj. 道德的 moralize mor1laiz vi. 說教 with his strong sense of morality, fred decided to punish his daughter because she had lied. stories with moral lessons are often used in the education of children. the president of the school moralized about the use of cellphones in public.words for recognition1. petra pitr1 n. an ancient city in southern jordan佩特拉2. jordan dzordn n. an arab country in the middle east約旦3. king herod ki9 her1d n. the king of judea at the time when jesus christ was born希律王4. sydney sidni n. a city on the southeastern coast of australia雪梨5. kenya kenj1 n. a country in the east of africa肯亞6. package tour p8kidz t5r n. c a vacation arranged by a travel agency at a fixed price that usually includes the cost of the hotel and transportation, and sometimes also entertainment or meals套裝旅遊行程7. mediterranean med1t1reni1n adj. of, relating to, or located near the mediterranean sea地中海的 mediterranean sea med1t1reni1n si n. (the ) 地中海8. united nations j5naitid nes1ns n. (the ) an international organization that deals with issues between nations, and that aims for world peace聯合國9. holidaymaker hal1demek2 n. c someone who visits a place away from home while on vacation渡假客10. notre dame de paris notr1 dam d1 pari n. a cathedral built in central paris to honor the virgin mary (法)巴黎聖母院11. fushan botanical garden fusan bot8nikl gardn n. (the ) a garden in yilan with various kinds of plants and natural resources福山植物園12. off-limits oflimits adj. (of a place) where people are forbidden to enter禁止進入的idioms and phrases 1. wear away: to slowly make something become smaller by rubbing it or continuously using it磨損 the steps of the temple have been worn away by the feet of the pilgrims.2. under threat: in a state of being threatened處於威脅之下 with more and more aborigines abandoning their mother tongues, the culture of these aboriginal tribes is under threat of being lost.3. eat away: to gradually damage or destroy something侵蝕，逐漸毀壞 the river kept on eating away its bank, and it was much wider than it had been before.4. in advance: before doing something or before a certain period of time事先，預 先 if were going to that famous restaurant, wed better make reservations in advance.word filei. the prefix “im-”the prefix “im-” can be added to a noun or a verb to form another noun or verb, which means “to be in a particular state” or “to cause something or someone to be in a particular state.”prison imprison監禁print imprint蓋印 plant implant灌輸port import進口press impress使人印象深刻ii. different kinds of tourismbackpacker tourism自助旅遊extreme tourism極限旅遊space tourism太空旅遊cultural tourism文化旅遊ecotourism生態旅遊volunteer tourism志工旅遊sentence patterns1. s + could/might/should (+ not) + have + v-en.examples:1. it could have been written by one of king herods soldiers, but closer inspection reveals that it is not so ancient after all. 2. john left home ten minutes earlier, or he might have missed the train.3. i should have done the laundry yesterday, but i forgot.exercise a:complete the following sentences by using the given words and the above pattern. the first one has been done for you.1. why did you jump off your bike? you could have hurt yourself (could/hurt yourself).2. if you had taken part in the race, you (might/come in first) in it.3. the party last night was great. you (should/come).4. jack (could/die) in the car crash if he hadnt fastened his seat belt.5. lisa had a car accident last night. she (should/not/drink) before she drove.exercise b:complete the following two short passages by using the given words and the above pattern. the first one has been done for you.a. it is late wednesday night. my eyelids droop as i stare at the unfinished english composition that i 1should have handed in (should/hand in) yesterday. if i hadnt hung out with jenny on monday afternoon, i 2 (might/have enough time) to complete the assignment. however, if i hadnt gone out with her, she 3 (could/be very disappointed). therefore, i chose to go out with her. well, i start to regret it now. b. today was not my day. first, i was late for school this morning. if i had gone to bed earlier last night, this 4 (might not/happen). second, i was punished for not bringing the english textbook to school. i 5 (should/put it back into my bag) after i had reviewed the first unit. well, i will try hard to prevent these things from happening again.2. review: s + be + being + v-en.examples:1. these sites are now being visited by millions of people annually.2. when i was ten, a chemical factory near my neighborhood was being built.exercise a:rewrite the following sentences by using the above pattern.1. my roommates were playing the beatles songs when i opened the door. by my roommates when i opened the door.2. a little girl is giving away free