中美教育差异(英文加强版).ppt

中美教育差异,educationdifferencesbetweenchinaandtheunitedstates,differences,administrativesystem,a:parallelfederalgovernment:serveforeducationlikeofferingeducationalfinance,collectingeducationalinformationanddoingresearches.authorityabouteducationstategovernmentandeducationalcommitteelocalgovernmentandschoolboard(学区教育委员会)headmaster:principleaccountabilitysystemadvantages:stimulatethemotivationoflocaleducationdisadvantages:noanoverallpoliticalplanandobjective,whichleadtoimbalancec:verticalcentralizededucationsystemadvantages:havingancommonplanwithauthority.disadvantages:localeducationhasnomotivationandautonomy.,educationalsystem,a:12yearscompulsoryeduction.thesystemincludes70%publicschooland30%privateschool.c:9yearscompulsoryeducation.mostofourschoolarepublic.,美国义务教育图片,中美义务教育表格,philosophygoalintheclassrelationshipbetweenteacherandstudentexaminationsystemclasssizeschoolreportcardtextbookextracurricularactivitiescollegeentranceexaminationassessmenthighereducation,differences,educationphilosophy,a：selectivelearningc:arrangedlearning,educationalgoal,a:creativityc:masteroffundamentalknowledge,class,a：freetodisagreewiththeteacherc：willbecriticisedbytheteacheratmosttimes,chinesestudents:donotaskquestionseventhoughtheydonotknow,believethatsittinguprightistherespectforteachers,teachersoftenstandontheplatformandtheyhaveagreatdistancewithstudents,whichwillmakestudentsfeelteachersareinaprominentposition,afraidofthem.americanstudents:askquestionsactivelynomatterhowclevertheyare,sitindisordersothattheycancommunicatewiththeirteachersmoreconvenient,teachersoftenhavelessonsbelowthepodium,andtheywillapproachtheirstudentsandchatwiththematpleasuresothatstudentscangetonwellwiththeirteachers,teachingmethods,a:students-orientedmethodteachersdutyistomotivateanddirect.studentshavefullfreedomtointerruptandquerytheirteachers.advantages:studentshavemoremotivationtofigureoutwhattheydonotunderstand.theirinnovationandcapabilitiesofself-studyarecultivated.disadvantages:theirclassisnotformalenoughandthecontentissimple.itisnogoodfortheirbasicknowledge.c:teachers-orientedmethodteachersdutyistogivestudentslargeamountofknowledgeandformalizetheirdailybehavior.advantages:thecontentisfocusontheory,andstudentscandevelopgoodbasis.disadvantages:studentsdowhattheyaretoldtodo.mostofchinesestudentshavenocapabilityofself-studyandqueryauthority.,relationshipbetweenteacherandstudent,a：friendshipc：teacher-studentrelationship,inchina:arelationshipbetweentheelderandjunior,paternalisticrelationship,reportedlowerlevelsofabsoluteobediencefromthehigherlevelrelationships.whenstudentsseeteachers,theywillfeelnervous,andthenbowtosayhello.intheunitedstates:morelikefriends,likethekindofrelationshipbetweencolleaguescanbeclosetogether.studentswillsmileandsayhellototeachersatpleasure.,examinationsystem,a：aimatfindingoutshortageandthenmakeitupc：aimatobsoletingandhighereducation,afterexam,inchina:teacherswillholdameetingwithparentsaftertheexamination,andtheywillmakethegradespublicinfrontofalltheparents,sometimesteacherswillcriticizethestudentswhohavepoorgrades.theassessmentofteacheralsodependsonthestudenttransitionrate,excellentrates.studentsgrowundersuchamechanismupto12years,itisobviousthattheirpsychologicalpressureisheavy.intheunitedstates:theschoolreportsareregardasprivacy.teachersonlygiveparentstoseetheirownchildrensgrades,wholeclassresultswillnotbepublished.,classsize,a：small(notmorethan30)c：large(usually45orso),attitudetowardsachievement,a:private，notpunished，paylessattentionc:public，paymuchattention,teachingmaterials,a：easyandcomingfromlifeoperationalability，innovationabilityc:fundamentalknowledgeineveryaspect（calculating,language,science,historyandsoon）,extracurricularactivities,a：abundantactivitiesc：fewactivities,collegeentranceexamination,a:sat(sat，全称scholasticassessmenttest，中文名称为学术能力评估测试。由美国大学委员会（collegeboard）主办，sat成绩是世界各国高中生申请美国名校学习及奖学金的重要参考)c:高考(ncee,nationalcollegeentranceexamination),assessment,a:testingstudentsoverallcapabilitiesliketheirpracticeandtheirinnovativeideasannualassessment:identifywhereteachersstrengthsandweakness.evaluateschoolandschooldistrictsa:proprietystandards；utilitystandards；feasibilitystandards；accuracystandard,assessment,c：takingexamstoteststudentsmemoryaboutwhattheystudiedgrade(threegood”student(goodinstudy,attitudeandhealth)enrolmentrate；proficiency；ranking,highereducation,a:preandpost(collegeandschool(prefessionalschoolandacademicschool)c:college(undergraduateandpostgraduate),myopinions,educationissomewhatareflectionofanationscultureandtraditions.everycoinhastwosides,weshouldtakeanobjectiveandrationallookatthetwokindsofeducationespeciallythatofchina.ifirmlybelievethatdifferenteducationissuitablefordiffer