小升初名词和冠词.doc

学生姓名 备课时间 5月22日 年级科目 六年级英语 教师姓名 课时 第 1/2 课时授课时间 5月12日课题小升初总复习词性专题一：名词和冠词教学目标1.了解名词的分类2.掌握并熟练运用名词的两种形式：可数名词复数与名词所有格3.掌握冠词的用法重点难点考点1.名词的分类2.可数名词单数变复数3.名词所有格的意义和用法4.冠词的用法教学基本内容、知识大纲1.复习名词的类别2.复习可数名词单数变复数的方法3.复习名词所有格的意义和用法4.复习冠词的用法5.练习作业布置教师反馈知识掌握（30%） 总得分满分100教师签名 能力培养（40%） 分 思想态度（30%） 本次课总体评价学生自评本次课收获和自我感受（对应分值上打） 学生签名 家长意见家长签名 榜样教育个性化教案教学步骤与详细内容附后 教学主任审核： 日期： 月 日 一、名词I.专有名词和普通名词1.专有名词：专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）等。2. 普通名词：普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类： .个体名词：表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如：student, pen, bird等。 B.集体名词（即集合名词）：表示由个体组成的集合体。如：people（人民）、police（警察）、family（家庭）等C.物质名词：表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如：water（水）、air（空气）、wood（木头）等。 D.抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如：work（工作）、peace（和平）、love（爱）等。 II.可数名词与不可数名词可数名词指的是可以分为单个个体，并且可以直接用数目进行计数的名词，如student, book, boy等；不可数名词指的是不可以计数名词，如water, air, ice等。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下： 1).可数名词有单数、复数之分，如： mapmaps；oniononions 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some water；a lot of bread 2).单数可数名词表示泛指时前面要用不定冠词a an；而不可数名词不能用。如： Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。 We cant see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。 注意：在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。如： Pass me the ball，please.请把球传给我。 The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。 3).可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。如：many apples，a few pens 不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。如：much meat，a little bread注意：这两类名词都可以被some, any, a lot of lost of等修饰。如：some eggs / paper, a lot of lots of knives / orange juice 4).可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如：three women，ten babies 不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词（可数名词）+of+ 不可数名词”。如： two glasses of milk两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread五片面包 5).可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。如：There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。 All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。 注意：如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。如：There are two bags of rice in the room.房间里有两袋子大米。 6).对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如： I can see two pictures on the wall.How many pictures can you see on the wall？ There is a lot of pork in the basket.How much pork is there in the basket？ I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want？ 7).另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如clothes，glasses（眼镜）等；有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。如： The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。 The sports clothes are new.这些运动服是新的。 III.名词复数一般情况词尾加-sbook-books, cap-caps以s, x, ch, sh结尾词尾加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, peach-peaches, dish-dishes以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加-esstory-stories以f, fe结尾变f, fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, knife-knives1).以o结尾的名词A.词尾加-s，如：photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos radio-radiosB.词尾加-es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes2).不规则变化goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth man-men child-children mouse-mice3).单复数同形fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep Chinese-ChineseIV. 名词的所有格：在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book1).表示名词和中心词之间的一种所属关系。e.g. my fathers name我父亲的名字2).表示有生命的名词的所有格，一般在名词后加“s”，如果名词是以“s”结尾，就直接加“”。e.g. Jims pencils吉姆的铅笔 the students books学生们的书3).表示两者共同拥有时，只在后一个词的后面加“s”；表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个词后面加“s”。e.g. Lucy and Lilys mother露西和莉莉的妈妈 Lucys and Lilys mothers露西的妈妈和莉莉的妈妈4).表示无生命的名词，常用of短语，放在中心词之后。e.g. the door of the classroom教室的门 the colour of the wall墙的颜色二、冠词1.冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a, an三个2. a, an都是表示“一个”。a用于辅音（注意不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。如：an hour, hour以 au 开头，所以用an；a book, book以b 开头，所以用a。a，an在以下情况下用：1).表示数量“一”。如： I have a blue pencil. There is a boy in the room.2).表示一类人或事物，不具体指哪一个。如： Im a girl. This is an egg.3).用在固定词组中。如： a lot of许多 a little一些 have a cold感冒 have a good time玩得开心3.定冠词the的用法1).特指某一个具体的人或事物。如： The book is Mikes. The tree is green.2).上文中提过的人或事物。如： I have a bottle. The bottle is beautiful. There is a cat. The cat is sleeping.3).用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。如： The sun is bright. The Great Wall is great.4).用在乐器名词前面。如： He plays the piano. She likes playing the violin.5).用在序列数、形容词最高级以及方位词的前面。如： Bill lives on the fifth floor. Mike is the best football player in the school.6).与某些形容词连用表示一类人或物，或与某些单数名词连用表示一类事物。如： the rich有钱人 the poor穷人 the young年轻人 the Chinese中国人7).用在惯语中。如： the next morning in the day by the way at the beginning on the right4.不使用冠词的情况1).在某些专有名词前不使用冠词。如： China, Beijing, Grade 12).在季节、星期、节日、三餐、球类等前面不用冠词。如： on Sunday, Teachers Day, spring3).名词前已经有this, that, his, our等定语时。如： this book, my dog, our teacher4).习惯用语。如： on foot, by bike, in bed练习一、 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 二、 写出下列名词的复数形式 watch class shelf dog dish child nurse desk boy baby tooth mouth sheep tomato library goose photo German telephone mouse fish 三、填入所给名词的适当形式1. We have three _ (pen).2. This is an _ (apple).3. Where is the _ (pencil)?4. There is a little _ in the bottle (juice).5. -Are you a _ (driver)? -Yes, I am.6. There are a few _ (watch) on the desk.7. Many_ (shelf) are in our school library.8. He has some_ (ink).9. The_ (girl) in red is Mary.10. -How many_ (people) are there in your family? -Three.四、 将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类school; pineapple; panda; jacket; peach; cat; pen; library; hat; trousers; ruler; classroom; lemon; dress; tiger; playground; ink; eraser; shirt; elephant; ballpointpen; computer room; deer; pencil-case; snake; shorts; socks pencil: banana: coat: wolf: school building: 五、 选择题( ) 1. There is _ on the table.A. plateB. a plateC. plates( ) 2. The big room is _.A. the twinsB. twinsC. the twins( ) 3. The _ on the hills are all white.A. sheepB. sheepsC. horse( ) 4. These new _ are for you.A. skirtB. shoeC. shirts( ) 5. The clock has three _.A. legsB. tailsC. faces( ) 6. They are not in the same _.A. classB. classesC. familys( ) 7. Is this your _?A. a keyB. keysC. key( ) 8. They are having _.A. a classB. English classC. Chinese class( ) 9. There are so many _ in the hall.A. peoplesB. peopleC. a people( ) 10. The _ has some nice pictures.A. boysB. teachersC. child( ) 11. The _ are dancing at the party.A. womanB. womenC. man( ) 12. The _ are in Room 408.A. studentB. a student C. students( ) 13. -Whos that _? -Shes my mother.A. manB. womanC. women( ) 14. The _ are catching the thief.A. policemanB. policemenC. policemans( ) 15. There are new _ in my schoolbag.A. knifeB. knifesC. knives( ) 16. -_ jacket is it? -May be its _.A. Whos; TomsB. What; TomsC. Whose; Toms( ) 17. The books are the _.A. teachersB. teachersC. teacher() 18. There are a lot of children in the park on _ Day.A. childrenB. ChildrensC. Childrens() 19. -Is it the twins bedroom? -Yes, it is. Its _ bedroom.A. Ann and AnnasB. Anns and AnnasC. Ann and Anna() 20. March 8th is _.A. Womans DayB. Womans DayC. Womens Day() 21. _ coats are very pretty.A. Jim and TimsB. Jims and TimsC. Jim and Tim() 22. They are going to their _ home for dinner.A. unclesB. uncleC. uncles六、 根据英语解释以及首字母写单词1. comes after afternoon e 2. a small bag with money in it w 3. the hottest season s 4. the first day of the working week M 5. the first month of a year J 6. a room for sleeping b 7. your uncles son or daughter c 8. the sister of your father or mother a 9. the month after July A 七、英汉互译1.一位美国医生 2.许多绵羊 3.不同的季节 4.一杯牛奶 5.凯特的家庭照 6. my uncles friend 7. her cats name 8. the doors of the classroom 9. the twins mother 10. Lucy and Kates bedroom 八、根据中文完成句子1. When you have a headache, you should stay in bed and take some _ (药).2. My hobby is collecting _ (邮票).3. Many _ (孩子) like watching cartoon (卡通片).4. Every morning we should brush _ (牙齿).5. We must clean our _ (教师) after school.6. May I have another _ (一瓶橘汁).7. I like _ (这条连衣裙的颜色).8. _ (汤姆和安的手套) are the same.9. There are many _ (狼) in the forest.10. _ (西红柿) are my favourite vegetable.九、阅读理解Look at the picture on the wall. Its a picture of Mr. Greens family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr. Greens father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeffs parents love them all very much.( ) 1. The old man is Lucy and Lilys _.A. fatherB. cousinC. uncleD. grandfather( ) 2. The Greens have two _.A. brothersB. sistersC. sonsD. daughters( ) 3. Lucy has _.A. a friend B. a sisterC. a brother D. two sisters( ) 4. Jeffs father is Lucy and Lilys _.A. uncleB. fatherC. brotherD. grandfather( ) 5. Lilys mother is a _. A. doctor B. workerC. teacherD. father十、 将下列短语改写成名词所有格的形式1. the room of Helen and John 2. the bikes of Helen and Jane 3. the ships of the children 4. the sister of John 5. at the shop of uncle John 十一、 把下列短语译成汉语1. a piece of bread 2. a box of apples 3. a pair of trousers 4. a bottle of orange juice 5. a cup of tea 6. a glass of water 7. a piece of news 8. seven boxes of apples 十二.、名词所有格练习.1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书).3. _(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. He is in _(老师的办公室) now.11. Please open _(教室的门).12. _(赵敏的鞋) are white.13. _(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new.14. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.15. _(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou.16. _(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken.17. Its _(妇女节) on March 8th.18. Are these _(男生们的书包) ?19. That is _(Tom和李雷的教室).20. _(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing.1. There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2. This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3. _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4. _ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5. Lets go out for _ walk 6. Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7. There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8. _ sun rises in _ east 9. _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10. Are you going to do it _ second time？ 11. Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12. _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 13. He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 14. _ old man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper 15. After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 16. Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat？ 17. They went to _ Peoples Park，but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday 18. I often watch _ TV in _ evening 19. _ day of _