第二章 练习答案 词法翻译的一般技巧.doc

第二章 词法翻译的一般技巧第一节 对等译法一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友” 1. a faithful Christian 2. a loving parent 3. an obedient child 4. a virtuous wife 5. a dutiful husband 6. a hardworking student 7. strong wind 8. thick fog9 heavy rain二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。1. Only when they find much n common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. (注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative)2. Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless, it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self-study in the matter of classics.3. Dear young friends, my advice to you is: Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career.三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。1. fish in troubled waters2. be after ones own heart3. skin and bones4. touch and go5. hit the nail on the head6. be head and shoulders above others7. turn a deaf ear to 8. burn ones boat9. turn a blind eye to10. look for a needle in a bundle of hay四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。1. Practice makes perfect.2. More haste, less speed.3. East or west, home is best.4. All is fish that comes to the net.5. Everything comes to him who waits6. The moon is not seen when the sun shines7. Look before you leap.8. There is no smoke without fire.第二节 增词译法一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词1. Even a child can answer this question. 2. This is the head of our delegation3. He put the paper aside and turned on the radio.4. The Chinese people are industrious and brave.5. We must have faith in the masses. 6. The compass was invented in China7. The moon moves around the earth.二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。1. Hand in your exercise-books, please. 2. I cant express myself in English.3. Liberalism manifests itself in various ways. 4. Dont overwork yourself.5. I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to express our gratitude to you.三、翻译下列句子，注意增补动词。1. They are in high spirits. 2. They beamed with joy.3. He is quick of eye and deft of hand. 4. This article is easy to read and understand5. I stood aloof from him.四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。l. The book is very popular among young people.2. She inquired about your illness.3. The mountain is l,000 feet above the sea level.4. Shut the door after/when you go out.5. Dinner was at one oclock.6. We rejoice at every victory you win.五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。1. Promote physical culture and build up the peoples health2. Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.3. We worked neither for fame nor for personal gain.4. We should strike while the iron is hot.5. I shall stay here until Ive completed my studies.六、翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。1. You might have the genius of Li Bai or Du Fu, who was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty and the moral worth of Yan Hui or Zeng Shenboth of them were disciples of Confucius no one would ask your advice. 2. to show off ones proficiency with the ax before Lu Ban the master carpenter3. Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor.4. let a hundred flowers bloom, permit the airing of conflicting views5. black children, who are born in violation of Chinas one-child policy第三节 减词译法一、翻译下列句子注意省略原文的范畴词。1. Reform and opening-up reversed the stagnation of national economy2. His rudeness shocked me.3. He has undertaken/taken up the translation of Lu Xuns works.4. The export is not permitted to exceed its limit.5. The discussion covers Sino-US relations.6. In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.8. Now birth control became a possibility.9. China is carrying out nationwide pollution control and environmental protection.10. During the talk, their discussion centered around the protection of intellectual properties rights.11. promote peaceful reunification12. Our import-export in the first half of this year has gone very well.二、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。1. The two sides held that Sino-US relations should be viewed in a global context and from aperspective of the future and the 21st century in particular.2. When problems emerge, they can be easily put right.3. distance/length/size/height4. Increase the awareness about self-reliance, competition, efficiency, and democracy and the rule of law, as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.5. Silence! Silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.6. Productive forces are the most dynamic and the most revolutionary factors as well as the ultimate decisive force of social development.7. Our party must always represent the development trend of Chinas advanced productive forces; the orientation of Chinas advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.三、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。1. I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.2. We need to import advanced industrial equipment.3. Past experiences teach us.4. That is a facade.5. We must adhere to the principle of plain living and hard struggle.6. We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality, truth-seeking and courage in innovation.7. This shattered his illusion.8. We demand that US government apologize to China for this incident.9. Encourage both Chinese and overseas investments in the central and western regions.第四节 合并译法一、运用合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组。1. fine words2. glib tongue3. exhausted4. stumbling5. move forces6. burn ones boat二.合并译法,翻译下列句子。1. We must have this ambition.2. I got into my old rags and my sugar-hogshead again, and was free and satisfied.3. Each of the five performances enjoyed a full house, with many spectators having to stand.4. He is determined to turn over a new leaf.5. He worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.6. The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same flesh and blood.7. All the staff unite in absolute sincerity.8. Before you came, I did nothing but idle and drift into anything that offered itself.9. He sought the distraction of distance.第五节 转性译法一、翻译下列句子，注意汉语形容词和剐词的转译。 1. There is no difference in their views. 2. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. 3. The delegates unanimously expressed their determination to oppose the nuclear weapons 4. His new book is a great success. 5. He looked at me in amazement. 6. The sun shines over the earth. 7. The news quickly spread throughout the world. 8. Her voice rings through the house. 9. This area is densely populated.10. Our government shows great concern for the Chinese students abroad.11. They give this famous writer a warm welcome.12. She acted as a reluctant tourist guide.13. She has a strong desire to see him.14. I will give an immediate reply.15. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.三、翻译下列句子，注意其中名词的转译情况。1. Oxygen is one of the important elements in the physical world; it is very active chemically.2. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.3. The earth is shaped like a big ball.4. He aims to be a successful writer.5. This coffee tastes of chocolate.6. All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.7. The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us tremendously.8. We can house you if the hotels are full.9. Ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake.10. Olive branch symbolizes peace.11. We should respect the old and love the young.第六节 换形译法一、翻译下列句子，注意名词性替代。1. A: Can I have a cup of black coffee with sugar, p/ease? B: Give me the same, please.2. When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go; and very unwillingly she said so.3. A: Would you like this teapot? B: No, I want a square one.4 This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.5. This is the key workshop in our factory. Here we have comparatively complete equipment. Cooling-fan installations, heating devices and communications facilities are also equipped over those machineries.三，翻译下面的句子，注意运用动词性替代。l. I do not know any more than you do. (do= know)2. He did not often grumble, and when he did, no one paid much attention to him. (did= grumble)3. He rose early, as he had always done. (haddone= hadrisen early)4. Although most of the people bowed to him, they spat into the dirt as they did so.5. Peter is joining our group. Im not sure whether David will do so or not.6. I promised to get a ticket for him and I will do so.7. They say that the Prime Minster will soon dissolve Parliament and call for new elections. I doubt very much if he will do s