ELECTRONIC WASTE eaco.int.ppt

challengesofeffectivemanagementofe-wastebymargaretw.maimbaeacoe-wasteworkshop,intercontinentalhotel18-20march,2015,presentationoutline,backgroundwhatise-waste?componentsofe-wasteproblemsofe-wastee-wastecontainshazardouscomponentse-wastetakingupvaluablelandfillspacecathoderaytubesotherproblemse-wastemanagementdisposaloptionschallengesofe-wastemgt(developingcountries)speciale-wastechallengesrecommendationsconclusions,background,whatiselectronicwaste(e-waste)?thereisnogenerallyaccepteddefinitionofe-wastee-waste-electronicproductsthathasceasedtobeofanyvalueforthecurrentuseroranyapplianceusinganelectricpowersupplythathasreacheditsend-of-life(porter(2002)theseareunusableelectronicproductssuchastvs,monitors,computers,audio/stereoequipment,vcrs,dvdplayers,digitalandvideocameras,telephones,faxandcopingmachines,cellularphones,wirelessdevicesandvideogamesamongotherstheuseofelectronicgoodsisgrowingfastbecauseofinnovations,lowpricesandeasytousefacilities.duetohigherincome,stdsoflivingandprofessionalrequirement,peoplearereplacingtheelectronicgoodsveryfast.thisresultsinhighgenerationofe-waste,backgroundcontd,thesegadgetshavebecomeunwantedandobsoletedueto:advancementintechnologychangesinfashion,styleandstatusnearingtheendoftheirusefullife.theeeehaveinfiltratedallaspectsofourdailylifeprovidinguswithmorecomfort,healthandsecuritythus,withthedecreaseintheaveragelifespanofelectronicequipment,planetearthwillcertainlyhavetotaketheloadofmoreandmorevolumeofe-wasteinthecomingyears.mostofe-wasteisgeneratedbythegovernment,privateandhouseholds.note:e-waste(puterequipment)foritscurrentusercaninvariousconditionsbeusefultoanotheruserandcanalsobereusedbyupgradingasmallcomponentoftheequipment,componentsofe-waste,electronicappliancescontaindifferenttypesofelementsbothvaluableandhazardousvaluablemetals-gold(au),silver(ag),platinum(pt),cu(copper)gallium(ga),palladium(pd),tantalum(ta),tellurium(te),germanium(ge)andselenium(se)etc.hazardoussubstancesmercury(hg),lead(pb)andcadmium(cd)brominatedflameretardantse.gpolybrominateddiphenyletherscouldaffectendocrinesystemandaffectneurodevelopmentpresenceofthesetoxicsubstances-e-wasteisconsideredhazardoussignificantwealthisdisposedofine-wastethatcouldbeexploitedbydevelopingorimprovinge-wasterecyclingtechnologiescoltan(columbo-tantaliteminedinafrica.drc-produces64%ofworldreserves:themineralhasfuelledwarpoverty)-acrucialrawmaterialfortheproductionofmodernelectronics(cellularphones,computersetc).withoutcoltanthedigitalageeconomywouldgrindtoahalt.,problemsofe-waste,mgtholduntothemandarereluctanttopartwithitdontknowwhattodowiththee-waste.thisfurthercomplicatestheissueofe-wastemgtbecauserecyclerscannotgainaccesstothevaluableresourcestheseelectronicscontain,problemsofe-wastecontd,environment:theproblemoccurswhenleachingoftoxicandheavymaterial(hg,cd)frome-wastearereleasedintosoil,andsubsequentinthewatersystemshumanhealth:recyclers(informal)maysufferfromthefollowing:birthdefects,infantmortality,tuberculosis,anomaliesintheimmunesystem,malfunctioningofthekidneysandrespiratorysystem,lungcancer,underdevelopmentofthebraininchildrenanddamagetothenervousandbloodsystems(prakash&manhart,2010)mining:manufactureoftheseeeeleadstosystematicdepletionoftherawmaterialsrecycling:rudimentarymethodsofrecyclingbytheinformalsector(juakali-kenya)indevelopingcountries,e-wastemanagement,involvescollection,transportation,processing,recyclingordisposalandmonitoringofthewastematerials.epr-switzerlandandthenetherlandsidentifiedassomeofthemostsuccessfulexamplesfore-wastemanagementsystemsarfpracticedincalifornia-arfcollectedfromsaleorimportofanappliance&passedontoretailersordistributorswhoinvoiceconsumersfortheirpurchaseofnewappliance.arfpaysforthee-wastemgt.manufacturerscanuseenvironmentalfriendlymaterialsandcomponentsrecycling(informalsector):awarenessraisingprogrammesandactivitiesareneededonissuesrelatedtoesmandosh,andonhowtoformcooperativesandintegrateintotheformalsector.,disposaloptions,reuse:preventingwasteinthefirstplaceisthepreferredmanagementoptionachievedthroughrepairing,maintenanceandupgradingusedelectricalequipmente.gaddingmemorytoacomputer,upgradingsoftware.delaysthee-wastetolandfillrecycle:makeuseoftakebackprogrammesifanyrecyclinge-wasteisimportantforresourceandwastemanagementrefurbishment:upgradingofelectronicequipment(e.gcomputer)eitherinternallyorexternallytobringittoausablecondition.delaysthee-wastetolandfilldisposesilver,gold,leadandotherheavymetalarerecyclableleastpreferredoptionistodisposeofe-wastetolandfill.usedasalastoptionbutcaretoconsultonhowtodisposeofhazardouswasteshouldbesoughtdonate:bridgestechnologydivideanddelayse-wastetolandfill,challengesofe-waste,absenceofrecyclinginfrastructure(indevelopingcountries)orappropriatemanagementofe-wastelackofe-waste-specificlegislationabsenceofeffectivetake-backprogrammeslackoflegislationtocontrolin-flow(imports)ofe-wastefromdevelopedtodevelopingcountriesuncoordinated,highlevelofimportationofe-wastedisguisedassecondhanddeviceslackofinterestbycompaniesorincentivesfore-wastemanagementlackofawarenessamongconsumerslackofawarenessofoninherentdangersofe-wasteamongcollectorsandrecyclerslackoffundsandinvestmenttofinanceimprovementsine-wasterecyclinglackofrecyclingfacilitiestomaximizeoneconomicalbenefitsofe-wastepoorcorporateresponsibilitybyindustrylackofestimatesonquantitygeneratedorrecycledusedelectronicsnotcontrabandtokenyanscustomsserviceincreaseincybercrime.,speciale-wastechallenges,challengeisonhowtoencourageenduserstosegregatee-wastefrommswstreamnewe-wasteplantsarerequiredindevelopingcountriesexistingfacilitiesnotdesignedtohandleorneedspecialequipment,newprocess,environmental,healthandsafety(ehs)andtrainingtobemanagedworldisrequiring“urbanmining”tosatisfytherawmaterialsdemandofthedigitalera.thesehavetobeminedfromthee-waste.thiswouldstopimpactofe-wasteonhumanhealthstopwarsindrc,reducepovertybecausetherewouldbeenvironmentallysoundmanagementofe-wastetobenefitalthecitizensoftheworldandespeciallythoseinthedevelopingcountries.,recommendations,13,needforlegislationonsafedisposalofe-waste-gvtconsideraccompanyingsalesofnewconsumerelectronicsthroughprocessfeesneedtoencouragegenuineandregisteredrecyclersmanufacturers/importersneedtotakeitembackatend-of-lifewithincentivesneedtofasttrackoncapacitybuildingonmgtofe-wasteneedforincentiveschemesforgarbagecollectorsandgeneralpublicforcollectingandhandlingofe-wasteneedforawarenessprogrammesone-wasteforschoolchildrenandthegeneralpublic,recommendations,targetmanufacturersbyintroducingeprlegislationandencouraginginitialdesignstobegreen,longlived,upgradeableandbuiltforrecyclingpublicawarenesstobothconsumersande-wasterecyclersintheinformaleconomy,integrationoftheinformalsectorwiththeformal,creatingg