英综book3unit 8 daydream a little.doc

公共英语教研室备课备案unit 8 daydream a little一、教学目的1、了解:议论文的写作风格，掌握事实论证的写作方法。 2、理解:课文的主题思想，掌握课文的篇章结构。3、掌握与课文相关的文化背景知识，如，daydream, positive/negative attitudes to daydream, florence nightingale, henry j. kaiser, thomas edison.4、熟练掌握并运用以下词汇、短语、句型：1）重点词汇：（黑体字单词为复式掌握，其它为领会式掌握）amount (vi.), appropriately, attitude, benefit, contribute, hostile, interfere, maintain, neglect, project (vt.), recommend, remarkable, tense, 2）重点短语：amount to, interfere with, contribute to, get along with, due to, go about 重点句型：a.祈使句, and + 句子; 例如： picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success.b. in much the same way that + 句子; 例如：attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.3）构词法： 名词+动词合成动词，名词/形容词/副词/动词+形容词/副词/过去分词/现在分词合成形容词4）阅读技巧：reading attack skill recognizing signal words 5）写作技巧：find or write respectively the topic sentences for the 3rd and 6th paragraphs as well as the last two paragraphs of the texts.二、教学重点1、掌握1）与课文相关的文化背景知识，如， florence nightingale, henry j. kaiser, thomas edison. about dreamdefinitions of dreama.sequence of scenes or feelings occurring in the mind during sleepb.state of mind in which things happening around seem unrealc.a wish to do or have something freud and his theories about dreamsigmund freud (1865-1939) - he was an austrian physician who revolutionized ideas on how the human mind works.- he established the theory that unconscious motives control a lot of behavior.- his work has helped millions of patients who are mentally ill. - his theories have brought new approaches in child rearing, education, and sociology and have provided new themes for many authors and artists.- most people in western society view human behavior at least partially in freudian terms.main idea of his interpretation of night dreams:a. dreams express the subconscious mind.b.dreams are absurd because our conscious mind wont acknowledge our subconscious ideas thus disguises them.c.in our dreams, we return to the modes of thinking of childhood. our thinking becomes concrete, pictorial and illogical, and expresses ideas and wishes we are no longer conscious of.florence nightingale (1820 1910)a brief introduction to nightingale：- serving in the crimean war (1854)- being called the “the lady with the lamp”- the first woman to be given the order of merit (1907)- establishing the nightingale school and home for nurses in london- her books becoming the first definitive textbook for the nursing fieldnightingale, florence (18201910) was an english nurse and the founder of modern nursing. she was dedicated to the care of the sick and war wounded. in 1854, she organized a unit of 38 women volunteer nurses for service in the crimean war. by the end of the war she had become a legend. she was called “lady with the lamp” because she believed that a nurses care should never cease, no matter night or day; she thought that nursing was a noble profession, and she made it so. florence nightingale was the first woman to be given the order of merit (1907). once back in london after the war, she founded the nightingale school and home for nurses using money donated in tribute to her services. the school marked the beginning of professional education in the nursing field. her book notes on nursing became the first definitive textbook for the nursing field. thomas edisona brief introduction to edison：thomas edison was one of the greatest inventors and industrial leaders in history. among his nearly 1, 100 patents the most ever issued to one person are the phonograph, which became the first practical method of recording and playing the back sounds, a motion picture camera and projector, and the incandescent lamp an inexpensive and safe source of light for everyday use in homes. among edisons greatest achievements was the development of one of the first research laboratories. here in menlo park and west orange, new jersey, edison and his assistants developed thousands of inventions.some quotations from edison：genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration.what a mans mind can create, mans character can control.there is no substitute for hard work.2）了解议论文的写作风格，掌握事实论证的写作方法。 2、理解课文的主题思想，掌握课文的篇章结构。（具体描述，英文即可）main idea: daydreaming can be a waste of time and it can be an escape, but daydreaming can also do us a lot of good.division of the text: part i ( paras.1-2): attitudes towards daydreaming are changing. part ii (paras.3-10): list the benefits of daydreaming. part iii (paras.11-13): explain how to use daydreaming to shape the future. part iv (para. 14): offer the suggestion that we should set aside a few minutes each day for daydreaming. 3、通过本课程的学习，学生应熟练掌握并运用以下词汇、短语、句型：词汇部分要注意学生对词汇搭配的掌握。1) a类词汇（四级高频词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法及其相关的词性转换、词义或用法的补充）1. amount【教材】vi. be equal in meaning; value or effect; add up等于；合计 【搭配】amount to 总计，共达，达到等于，相当于e.g. their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars.他们的旅费共达700美元。borrowing money and not returning it amounts to stealing.借钱不还等于偷窃。【补充】n.量；数额；总数 与不可数名词连用 e.g. a large amount of money 许多钱by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle in japan was roughly equivalent to that in the united states.在70年代末，日本知道一辆汽车所需的固定资产数量与美国的大致相同。（cet-4,2005.6，词汇）2.attitude【教材】n. way of thinking or behaving 看法，态度e.g. what is your attitude to/towards this idea?3. hostile【教材】a. unfriendly, belonging to an enemy 敌对的【搭配】be hostile to 对有敌意e.g. they become hostile to each other. two hostile ships are moving eastwards.两艘敌舰正朝东驶去。4.interfere【教材】vi get in the way of another 干涉，妨碍interfere in干涉，插手 interfere with妨碍，干扰，与抵触 interfere in sbs private affairs 干涉某人的私事dont interfere with him.不要打扰他。【补充】n. interference和平共处五项原则互相尊重主权和领土完整；互不侵犯；互不干涉内政；平等互利；和平共处。five principles of peaceful coexistence (mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence)5.benefit【教材】n. advantage; profit; good effect 益处e.g. i have done it for his benefit. 我为了他的利益而做那事。【补充】n. money provided by the government as a right, esp. in sickness or unemployment 救济金although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to hold on to their comfortable home.尽管两人都失业了，但是他们的积蓄和失业救济金可以保证夫妻俩依然能过得比较舒适。(cet-4,2006,6,词汇)【补充】vt. 有益于 vi.受益 benefit vt. 有益于 benefit by/from 从中得益e.g. the new highway will benefit the village people.the village people will benefit from the new highway.6. contribute【教材】vi. help in bringing about 贡献e.g. everyone should contribute what he or she can afford. 人人都应该尽自己的能力做贡献。【补充】vi.有助于，促进，造成 vt.捐献，捐助；投稿 e.g. plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.多呼吸新鲜空气有助于身体健康。i make most of my money by writing books but i do contribute to magazines sometimes.我的钱大部分是写书赚的，但有时候也给杂志投稿。n. contributionviewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.看过多的暴力电视节目和电子游戏很可能会导致一些人产生暴力举动。（cet-6，2006.6，阅读）7.span【教材】n. a length of time over which the stated thing continues or works well一段时间e.g. in a short span of two years 在短短的两年中 life-span寿命，平均生命期8.maintain【教材】v. to continue to have as before 断言，维持【补充】to support with money 赡养，供给to keep in good condition by repairing or taking care of 维修，保养declare to be true 主张，为辩解maintain sth 维持主张 maintain +that 从句，坚持认为in recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.然而近些年， 一些保健专家开始将“健康的“和”健康“应用于那些为保持和增进自身健康而积极奋斗的人身上。（cet-4,2006.12,阅读）n. maintenance9.recommend【教材】vt. advise or suggest, speak favorably of 建议，推荐recommend sth. to sb. =recommend sb. sth. recommend doing sth.recommend sb. to do sth. 在recommend +that 句型中，that从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用动词原形式should+动词原形。recommendation 后跟的同位语从句中或表语从句中也要用虚拟语气。e.g. can you recommend a good hotel to me?=can you recommend me a good hotel?he recommended going for an outing this saturday.the teacher recommended that the training program (should) be improved.10.substitute【教材】n. a person or thing acting in place or another 代替者；代用品【补充】vt. 代替，替换，代用 vi.代替，代用e.g. we substituted red balls for blue to see if the baby would notice.我们用红色球大体蓝色球，观察婴儿是否注意到改变。【辨异】substitute, replace substitute a for b 用a代替breplace a with b 用b代替ae.g.她用蜂蜜代替蔗糖。she substitutes honey for sugar.she replaced sugar with honey.11. neglect【教材】vt. pay no attention to； give no or not enough care to 忽视；疏忽，忽略e.g. the government has neglected socializing industry.政府忽视了使工业社会化。还表示“遗漏，忘记做（该做的事）”之意，同fail to do sth.e.g. i neglected to bring a gift. 我忘带礼物了。【补充】 n.疏忽，忽略；遗漏e.g. it was mothers neglect of her infant that caused its death.母亲的疏忽造成了婴儿的死亡。girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to schoolthe prophecy(预言)becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle( 恶性循环)of neglect.因此，女孩被认为比如男孩有价值而被迫呆在家里做家务活，而她的兄弟们则被送去上学这种预言成为现实，并将女孩禁锢在被忽视的恶性循环之中。(cet-4,2006.6,阅读)注意在英语中，还有一些词与neglect同义，但有一定区别：pay no attention to 不关心，没注意到ignore 忽视，不顾，置之不理（故意地）overlook忽略，漏阅，没有注意到，宽恕brush aside 漠视（事实），不顾（困难）2）b类词汇（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）1.tense【教材】a. feeling or showing nervous anxiety 紧张的2.growth【教材】n. growing ; development 增长，生长；发展3.creative【教材】a. having the power to create; inventive 创造的，有创造性的4.remarkable 【教材】a. deserving attention; unusual, out of the ordinary 显著的；非凡的5.shape【教材】vt. influence and determine the course or form of 形成，塑造6.picture【教材】vt. imagine ; make a picture of 7.champion 【教材】n. person or team taking the first place in a competition 冠军8.meet 【教材】n.（ame）gathering esp. for competitive sports9.stadium【教材】n.露天体育场10.trace 【教材】n. mark showing that sb. or sth. has existed or happened痕迹11.vision 【教材】n. sth. seen in the minds eye; the power of imagination想象（力）12.automatic 【教材】a.自动的13.appropriate 【教材】a. proper; suitable 合适的14.soar 【教材】vi. fly or go up high in the air; rise 翱翔；升腾15.screen 【教材】n. white surface on which cinema films, tv programs, etc. are shown 银幕；屏幕16.project【教材】vt. cause a picture from a film or slide to fall on a surface, etc.映，投射17.attain【教材】vt. succeed in arriving at, esp. after effort, reach 获得；达到18.achievement 【教材】n.sth. successfully finished or gained 成就19.after【教材】prep. in pursuit of; in search of 追求 20.combination 【教材】n. joining or putting together 结合21.fantasy【教材】n. imagination or fancy; wild or strange product of the imagination想像，幻想；想像的产物22.realm: 【教材】n. area, kingdom 领域,王国e.g. the realm of literature and art 文学艺术领域 an independent realm 独立王国advance from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom从必然王国走向自由王国3）a类短语（四级高频短语，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的意思、用法及其词义或用法的补充、相关短语的比较等）1. amount to 【教材】develop into; be equal to 达到；等于，相当于e.g. their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars.他们的旅费共达700美元。borrowing money and not returning it amounts to stealing.借钱不还等于偷窃。2.contribute to：【教材】help to make sth. happen; give help towards 使发生；有助于e.g. viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.看过多的暴力电视节目和电子游戏很可能会导致一些人产生暴力举动。（cet-6,2006,6，阅读）3.due to: 【教材】because of , caused by 由于，应归于e.g. their increase in profits in due in part/ due largely to their innovative market strategy.他们利润的增加应（大）部分归功于他们富有创新精神的市场政策。4）b类短语（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）1go about: 【教材】make a start at; undertake 着手做e.gif you go about it in the right way, youll soon get it finished.假如你用正确的方法着手去做，很快就会完成。5）句型 a.祈使句, and + 句子; 例如：picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success.b. in much the same way that + 句子; 例如：attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.4、掌握语法：subjunctive mood5、掌握构词法：名词+动词合成动词，名词/形容词/副词/动词+形容词/副词/过去分词/现在分词合成形容词6、掌握阅读技巧：reading attack skill - recognizing signal words 7、掌握写作技巧：find or write respectively the topic sentences for the 3rd and 6th paragraphs as well as the last two paragraphs of the texts.8、口语训练活动：三、教学难点复杂、疑难句子（需写明，无需作解释）1. youll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! (l1-2)2. attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. (l9-10)3. thats only part of the story. (l27)4. the most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. (l27-30)5. dr. harry emerson fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. (l42-44)6.daydreaming alone cant turn you into your hearts desire. (l80)7. if what researchers are saying is true, a life lived without fantasies and daydreams isnt as rich and rewarding as life can be. (l84-85)其他类（根据实际情况添加编写）四、作业1、教材练习: 课后练习重点做vocabulary activities; usage ; structure; 其余练习为选作。2、补充练习和单元测试2010级a班 第8单元单元测试vocabulary and structure1. daydreaming was considered an unhealthy _from real life and its duties.a. escapeb. trancec. distanced. rest2. dr. joan t. freyberg has concluded that daydreaming_ to intellectual growth.a. contributedb. attributedc. distributedd. tributed 3. he _in his thesis that there is no absolute truth in science.a. attainedb. containedc. remainedd. maintained 4. he would imagine himself _before each meet.a. winningb. being wonc. to wind. being winning 5. mr. lincoln, an archaeologist_ ,is a member of the society.a. and writerb. and a writerc. and the writerd. with writer 6. remember to picture your _goals as if you had already attained them.a. desiredb. desirec. desiringd. desirable 7. the scene in which her house was destroyed has already been _on her memory.a. impressingb. compressingc. compressedd. impressed8. the _memory traces will supposedly start affecting your everyday life.a. resultb. resultingc. resultedd. rest of 9. johnny had been warned time and again that reading in bed have an/ a_ _on his eyesight, but he just wont listen. a. efficiencyb. factc. effortd. effect 10. mr. kaiser has been ill. we have to find a_ teacher for his class.a constituteb institutec substituted. destitute11. what he is _is material success only.a tob afterc ford in 12. he is doing_ his father did at his age.a. in much the way same thatb. in the same much way thatc. in the much same way thatd. in much the same way that 13. _ a country lacking in creditworthy firms, it was natural to borrow abroad and pass on the money to businesses.a. givenb. if givenc. givingd. if giving14.seattle is now _in the country ,according to a recent study.a. the fifth place most expensive to liveb. the most expensive fifth place to livec. the fifth most expensive place to lived. the most fifth expensive place to live 15.it is recommended that the project _until all the preparations have been made.a. is not startedb. will not be startedc. not be startedd. is not to be started16. the best way to deal with an impolite person is to _ him.a. ignoreb. neglectc. omitd. overlook17. the manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her _attitude toward customers.a. impartialb. mildc. hostiled. opposing18. jack had a terrible accident yesterday, but_ he wasnt killed.a. by all meansb. on the wholec. as a resultd. at all events19.to be an inventor, one needs profound knowledge as well as a very _imagination.a. vividb. brightc. livingd. colorful20. i hope you will not _his work.a. interfere b. interfere with c. interfere ind. interference21. robert will never _anything unless he works harder.a. amount to b. amount c. numberd. lead22.to our surprise he refused to take our advice, even though it was for his_.a. goodsb. benefitc. healthyd. bad23.they have trouble_.a.concentrating onb. concentrationc. concentrated. concentrating24.he believed that much of his success was _the positive use of daydreaming.a. becauseb. forc. due to d. due25.in _with the more usual methods of self-development, it might make a critical difference.a. coreb. combinationc. lined. connectionanswer keys1-5 a a d a a6-10 a d b d c11-15 b d a c c3、写作1）文体要求：论说文2）题目要求：shopping on the internet3）字数要求：120词以上4）提纲1. 现在流行网上购物2. 网上购物的利弊3. 我的看法nowadays with the ever rapid development and increasing popularity of the information technology , shopping on the internet has been a fashion especially among the youngsters.online shopping has made our daily life more convenient and comfortable. for example , shopping on the internet can save students a great deal of time on the way between home and store, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. the internet has shorten the distance between manufacturers and consumers and thus we can even buy goods in other countries .on the other hand , lack of the face to face deal makes online shopping less reliable and trustworthy. what s more the delivery will increase the risk of items damage.in my opinion, shopping on the internet is a irreversible trend. more and more people will be ac