大学虚拟语气课件

,SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气madeby陆葉黄娇黄晓曼赵俪斯,目录,be-型虚拟式,were-型虚拟式,假设意义表示法综述,定义,虚拟语气是用来表示说话人的主观愿望和遐想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一种条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反，虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,Be-型虚拟式,某些公式化用于的语句中,用于由if，though等引导的分句中,分句中用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语后的that-,以动词原形表示，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原型：,1.用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语后的that-分句中a)用在decide，decree，insist，move，suggest等动词后的that-分句中。例如：Thecourtorderedthatheleave,orthathebehanged.注意：suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。b)用在advisable，appropriate,essential,fitting,obligatory等形容词之后的that-分句中。例如：Itisessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.,c)用在decision，decree，demand，order等名词之后的that-分句中。例如：Wewerefacewiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.在这一用法中be-型虚拟式能与“should+不定式“交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。例如：Heorderedthatthebooksbesentatonce.=Heorderedthatbooksshouldbesentatonce.,2.用于由if,though等引导句的分句中型虚拟式be-能用于if，though，whatever，lest等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。例如：Ifhebefoundguilty,Johnshallhavetherightofappeal.,非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者用should/may+不定式。例如：Iftherumouristrue,everythingispossible.Ishallsendhimawrittenword,lestheshouldforget.3.用于某些公式化语句中be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如：LonglivethePeoplesRepublicChina!Goddamnyou!,Were-型虚拟式,1.用于某些状语从句中Were-型虚拟式常用于由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though引导的条件状语和让步状语从句中，表示非真实的条件和让步。IfIwereyou,Iwontdothatagain.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.HespokestomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.Thoughthewholeworldwereagainstme,IwoulddowhatIconsiderasright.,2.用于某些名词性分句中,a)Were-型虚拟式常用于wish之后的that-分句中，表示一种臆想的情况。IwishIwereabittaller.IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.注意：Iwish和Ihope都表示“希望”，但Ihopethat并不表示假设意义，随后的动词形式除表示婉转口气外，很少用过去时形式。Ihopeyouareready.Ihopetheweatherwouldbefavorable.Ihopeyoucandosomethingtohelpher.,b)用于wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon后的宾语从句。,Iwouldratheryouwenttherealone.Iwouldsoonershecameherethedayaftertomorrow.Iwouldjustassoonhesolvedtheproblemallbyhimself.c)用于ifonly引导的虚拟条件从句IfonlyIwereyou.要是我是你就好了。d)用于在“Its(high,about)timethat”句型中Itstime(that)wewenthome.Itshightimeyoulentherahand.,用于suppose,supposing,imagine等后面的宾语从句,在这个句型中，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示一种假设。Supposingtheearthwereflat,whatwouldhappenintheshipsailingroundtheearth?Imagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.Supposeyouhadonemillionpounds,whatdoyouwanttodomost?在这个句型中，谓语动词也可用陈述语气，表示一种真实的条件。Supposingitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?,a)Itistime(that).Itistimewewenttobed.Itishightimeyoulentherahand.,b)Iwouldrather/sooner(that)you/he/they.Imtoldtheyaregoingbybus,butIwouldrathertheywentbytrain.Shegotdrunklastnight.Idrathershehadntdrunksomuch.,c)Ifonly.IfonlyIknewheraddress.IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.,用动词的过去时形式表示假设意义,常见结构：,d)Hebehavesasif/asthough.Hebehavesasifheownedthisplace.TheyarestaringatmeasifIwas/werecrazy.tip:在asif/asthough结构中的动词形式通常决定于说话人的语义意图。如果不表示假设意义，就不用过去时形式。例如：IfeelasifIwas/weregoingtofaint.(我感觉好像要晕倒了。）IfeelasifIamgoingtofaint.(我感觉真的要晕倒了。）,c)Iwish(that).IwishIhadntsaidthat.Iwish(that)Iwas/wereabittaller.,用情态动词过去时形式表示假设意义,用情态动词过去时形式表示假设意义最常见于条件句和含蓄条件句以及某些特定语境:a）用于条件句IfIwereyou,Iwouldchoosetoworkinasmalltown.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.,b)用于含蓄条件句Iwereillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportmeet.Butforyourhelp,Icouldthaveachievedanything.c)用于其它语境Thatsheshouldforgetmesoquicklywasratherashock.ThatIshouldseeacollegestudentarrestedforstealing.,exercises,1.Ifthey_earlierthanexpected,they_herenow.Ahadstarted,wouldbeBstarted,mightbeChadstarted,wouldhavebeenDwillstart,mighthavebeen2.Heaskedthathe_anopportunitytoexplainwhyhesrefusetogothere.AisgivenBmustgiveCshouldgiveDbegiven,3.Shebehavesasthoughshe_itbetterthanus.AdidBhaddoneChasdoneDdo,5.Butforthehelp