郭婷婷毕业论文译文 Internationalization of Shallow Re of State-owned Commercial Banks.doc

吉林农业大学发展学院 毕业论文译文纸Internationalization of Shallow Reform of State-owned Commercial BanksAs the highlight in the trend of modern commercial banks development, internationalization has already become widespread in the world. Especially after China entered WTO and faces the international competitive environment directly, internationalization of our domestic commercial banks has been an important question for study in the development of banking industry. As the state-owned commercial banks dominate domestic banking industry, their performance of international ization will have an exemplary effect on others. So in the present circumstances, the research on the internationalization of our state-owned commercial banks has a full practical significance. Firstly, starting with the general theoretic research of bank international ization, this paper makes a brief introduction of several relevant concepts, and then explains the motives of bank internationalization from historical and theoretic perspectives and points out its development trend. On the basis, a conclusion is drawn that profit maximization pursuing makes the essence of bank internationalization. Secondly, this paper makes an empirical research on internationalization of Citibank and HSBC. Based on the analysis and comparison of the process and the strategic characteristic of their internationalization, we attempt to find some ideas revelatory to our banks. Thirdly, turning to our state-owned commercial banks, this paper analyzes the internal motives of their internationalization, finds existing problems, probes into internal effect factors and makes suggestions on banks development route. Lastly, this paper reckons that bank internationalization requires not only banks their own efforts, but also support from government financial policies and institutions. Therefore, this paper offers some reform proposals concerning domestic environment relevant to state-owned commercial banks internationalization on the basis of status quo. Its certain that our state-owned commercial banks must develop in the direction of internationalization. To speed up the process of internalization, some strategies should be made on both internal banking system and external environment. Concerning internal banking system, firstly, the property system of state-owned commercial banks should be reformed to make sure that they become “truly commercial” banks. Meanwhile, the level of their competitiveness should be raised .Inaddition internationalization oriented reconstruction, from corporate government structure, internal control mechanism, risk management system and methods, business innovative ability, to human resource development and management, should be made to promote modernization through internationalization. Secondly, feasible internationalization strategies need to be made, such as establishing the fundament of internationalization by developing international settlement business, international agency business and international cooperation, and making use of their comparative advantages to open up overseas market. Regarding of business internationalization, international banking should be expanded prudently and effectively. As for institutional internationalization, restructure, M&A and joint operation with foreign financial institutions can be taken into consideration. Meanwhile, network platform should be fully utilized for pursuing new channels of internationalization. Concerning external environment, firstly, the government should reinforce policy support, which includes constructing strategic platform for state-owned commercial banks internationalization, encouraging state-owned commercial banks to is sue long-term secondary bonds to raise capital adequacy ratio, promoting the transition from segregated operation to jointed one, launching off-shore banking an des tab lishing advanced off-shore financial market. Secondly, the government should improve external administrating environment, and coordinate state-owned commercial banks to optimize internal governance through establishing comBy 2008, the construction bank of China, bank and the industrial and commercial bank has completed by introducing strategic investors, share-holding system and Hong Kong listing, etc, to reform of state-owned commercial Banks, and further the sustained and healthy development of the commercialization, institutionalization and market modernization of property right system has laid a solid foundation. With the deepening of the reform of the state-owned commercial Banks, internationalization has become the main key to the reform of commercial Banks. The internationalization of state-owned commercial Banks is the inevitable trend of historyWith the process of global economic integration accelerate, international economic competition is fierce. The financial sector as an important part of modem service industry, inevitably become important competition.China international business is the inevitable requirement of the development of economic globalization. Along with the rapid development of Chinas economy and the rising status of worldwide, more and more multinational companies in China open factories, establish a branch, also more and more Chinese enterprises in operation , purchasing internationl marketing globalization, globalization, globalization, and many enterprises service to establish institutions overseas, China is also produced more of his multinational company. The enterprise internationalization and sino-foreign closely and frequent economic transactions of commercial Banks, the products and services to put forward higher request: for example, set up branches in the overseas enterprise hope in foreign also can enjoy and localization service, and through the bank of China and established the headquarters of the capital settlement and intercourse with convenient, In the import and export enterprise, hope to use the product international bank for its realization of the lock, cost, The individual has a large private wealth for their clients, hope bank asset allocation, globalization to reduce the investment, to realize the wealth of systematic risk value. Clinging to the domestic market, simple operation, or simply use the product of existing products and customer cant satisfy the growing business needs, accelerate the internationalized development become bank and adapt to the new situation of the new strategy.Internationalization is commercial bank is the inevitable requirement of competition. In other industries development, competitive global deepening process, commercial Banks are also more and more face strong competition from foreign Banks such as city bank, HSBC, they set a worldwide network of management in major cities, created a standardized products, the development of global unity and management system, computer trade with the local language and English talent internationalization, capable of different countries, the legal characteristics and market can provide convenient service, thus internationalization of many multinational companies preferred. Chinas state-owned commercial bank has just completed system reform and adjustment, and foreign commercial Banks in the aspects of commercialization, internationalization. Participate in the international competition of external pressure and realize the inherent requirement of globalization, realistic, urgently in front of commercial Banks in China. The reform of the state-owned commercial bank international problemsIn state-owned commercial Banks have the reforms, every step of the state-owned Banks to reflect international strategic direction: introducing overseas strategic investors, invite famous international consulting company help Banks internal management mechanism, according to the international standard for reform of accounting system reform and financial statements, the acquisition of public overseas financial institutions, accelerate to set up branches in other countries. However, with the advancement of reform, many problems are exposed gradually.First, talent cultivation with institution expansion rate. By icbc, for example, in a few years time, the bank is realized in Indonesia, Hong Kong, Macao, South Africa, the United States, Australia, and the united Arab emirates, Qatar such regions and countries business network and development of new, but the international talent introduction and training, not on overseas branch staff shortages caused by domestic provide, on the other hand, not only fit for business, but doesnt pass through the language of erecting duck awkward employee drive.Secondly, the reform of management system, can adapt to change slowly, the international market environment. Domestic commercial Banks of government organ style still quite serious, the commercialization of the market and the sensitivity of the high enough. Despite the enormous challenges facing financial globalization, and the survival of pressure, the state-owned commercial Banks still suffer habitual thinking of self interest protection and part of employees in the management of state-owned commercial Banks, the mechanism of progress is slow, pending further updates and breakthrough.Third, the product innovation ability and power, cannot adapt to client increasing business needs. Due to the understanding of the international financial market operation of product developed very scarce employees, while bank internal management mechanism in suppressing low innovation ability, the state-owned commercial bank showing product innovation ability and innovation to speed up the customer demand. Especially the state-owned Banks in administrative monopoly of long-term, stable and protective can obtain interest income, innovation power shortage. With customers is a slogan, long-term since, lack of practical measures can satisfy the customer diversification product demand.Fourth, internationalization consciousness not thorough popular feeling. At present, the consciousness of each bank internationalization mostly remain at speech, documents, speeches, not really thorough middle and primary staff, and the peoples bank reform and progress of the fundamental forces. If you cannot let them know of internationalization and the necessity of the reform of the direction of reform, from the top decision and command will not get the correct implementation, resulting in the direction of reform of structure and expected loss or deviation.Internationalization reform of state-owned commercial Banks is to global economic integration is the inevitable choice for the old system, and the old ideas for the new system, and establish a new thought in this process, full of difficulties and challenges. But the process is the inevitable trend of historical development, the world any developed economies have experienced the process in the global finance and any one of the top financial institutions have experienced the process. State-owned commercial Banks to participate in the global economy development process, the direction toward internationalization, must unswervingly, full of wisdom and creative push the process.III. The internationalization process to solve problemsInternationalization of state-owned commercial Banks as the strategic choice will be a continuous reform, the reform process. In the current global economic and financial crisis situations, on the one hand gives us a lot of inspiration and development, on the other hand, it gives us great opportunities for development. State-owned commercial Banks should actively to work from the following several aspects:First, the internationalization of consciousness. The first commercial bank management internationalization is the of consciousness. The management of state-owned Banks must recognize internationalization of domestic banking development for the importance of internationalization, not for reform in the global financial could not compete in a place, it is impossible to satisfy economic globalization for financial services after domestic enterprises, domestic Banks will in the future international financial competition in the customer marginalized, small profit, talent low-end, product obsolescence-rizaticn, ability atrophy of the countrys position in the international market, increasing influence in the world economy growing share is inappropriate.Second, the international institutions.Internationalization premise is to open in the global scope of business organization, the corresponding service by bank of China, bank of communications Olympic Games as an opportunity to service for commerce, the world bank and construction bank through acquisitions overseas business organization established in that bank service terminals extends to major global economy developed city, for domestic and local customers to provide convenient and localization of financial services, to lay the foundation of international business. But this process will be sustained and long-term, may not come easily. Especially with the overseas bank outlets Chinese-invested enterprises overseas business how effective docking, need to actively explore.Third, management internationalization. To realize the smooth running of the large multinational organization and management mechanism and system must have more flexibility and normative, in order to adapt to the rapid changes of the market situation and policy environment. Due to the international commercial banks business has undergone tremendous changes in interest rates and exchange rate risk and risk as a representative of the market risk and domestic liquidity management, risker countries with domestic regulatory requirements are very different, international bank management system must be in conformity with.Fourth, system integration. Based on the mechanism of international trade, and only at home and abroad and the management information system of integration, can we truly achieve the products and management of internationalization. Many Banks now realize inform ation modernization of business through outsourcing, and business systems are based on RMB business, to a great extent, the business needs of the international constraint.Fifth, talent internationalization. International management from international talents. In the internationalization process of reform, the state-owned commercial Banks should emphatically introducing many language ability, skilled, familiar with foreign financial environment and system, understand customer psychology and cultural characteristics of foreign professional talents, targeted training and configuration suitable jobs, make it become the international bank reform process of promoter and practitioners directly.Sixth, the product internationalization. Currently,the main domestic commercial Banks in the international business of selling business proportion is very low. Facing the international fund settlement, foreign exchange, international investment and business needs, providing customers with increasing more and better products, and improve the internationalization of their innovation ability of international business will be in the reform of state-owned commercial Banks to internationalization of core.国有商业银行国际化改革浅析国际化作为现代商业银行的一个重要发展趋势，已在全球范围内形成了相当规模。特别是在我国加入世界贸易组织，融入国际竞争环境之后，我国商业银行国际化问题成为了银行业发展所无法回避的重大课题。国有商业银行在我国银行业中居于主导地位，因而，国有商业银行的国际化就显得尤为重要，其国际化的状况将对国内其他银行国际化产生示范效应。因此，在这样的国际国内形势下，对我国国有商业银行国际化进行研究，具有重要的现实意义。本文首先从银行国际化的一般性理论研究入手，在概括性地介绍银行国际化的概念之后，从历史和理论的角度阐述银行国际化产生的原因，以及指明银行国际化的未来发展趋势，得出银行国际化的本质是银行对利润最大化的追求。接着，本文进行实证研究，以花旗银行和汇丰银行的国际化为例，对其国际化的发展及其战略特点进行分析和比较，力图从中得到一些有益于我国国有商业银行国际化的启示。之后，本文立足于我国国情，分析国有商业银行国际化的内在动力，并针对国有商业银行国际化的现状，发现其存在的问题，进一步研究影响其发展的内部因素，并从银行微观角度提出国际化的发展途径。最后，本文认为外部环境是银行生存和发展的基础，银行国际化不仅需要银行自身的努力，而且需要国家金融政策、体制等相配合。所以，本文对与国有商业银行国际化相关的国内环境，在结合现状的基础上，提出了改革建议。经过上述研究，本文得出的结论是：国际化是国有商业银行的必然选择。为了改进当前国际化的现状，加快推进国有商业银行国际化的进程，需要从银行自身和外部环境两方面着手制定发展战略。在银行自身方面，首先，应改革国有商业银行的产权制度，使国有商业银行成为真正意义上的商业银行；同时，提高银行自身竞争力水平，从公司治理结构、内控机制、风险管理体制、风险控制手段、业务创新能力到人力资源开发和管理等各个方面进行国际化改造，以国际化带动现代化。其次，要制定合理的国际化发展战略。通过大力发展国际结算业务和加强代理行工作与国际合作，奠定国际化经营的基础；通过发挥比较优势，开拓海外市场。在业务国际化方面，稳健、有效地拓展国际化的银行业务；在机构国际化方面，有选择地推进与国外金融机构的重组、并购和联合经营；并充分依托网络平台，开拓国际化发展的新渠道。在外部环境方面，首先，要加大政策扶持力度：构建国有商业银行国际化的战略性平台；鼓励国有商业银行通过发行长期次级债券提高资本充足率；及时推进商业银行从分业经营向混业经营的转换；积极发展离岸银行业务，建立我国发达的离岸金融市场。其次，完善商业银行的外部治理环境，通过竞争性的产品市场、资本市场、银行家市场以及由信息披露制度，配合国有商业银行优化内部治理。此外，为了保障国有商业银行国际化的健康发展，监管当局应进一步在监管的内涵和外延上进行调整与改革，构建国际化的金融监管体系，维护金融体系的安全。截至2008年底,建设银行、 中国 银行、工商银行先后完成了引进战略投资者、股份制改造和中港两地上市等重大改革,为国有商业银行的持续健康发展,进一步商业化、制度化和市场化打下了坚实的产权制度基础。随着国有商业银行改革的深化,国际化已经成为各主要商业银行改革的重点。 一、 国有商业银行国际化是历史的必然 随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,国际间的经济竞争也日益激烈。 金融业作为现代服务业的重要组成部分,不可避免地成为重要的竞争领域。 1.国际化经营是中国经济全球化发展的必然要求随着中国经济的快速发展和在全球地位的不断提升,越来越多的跨国企业在中国开办工厂、设立分支机构,同时也有越来越多的中国企业在经营上“走出国门”,采购全球化、销售全球化、服务全球化,还有不少企业设立海外机构,中国也正在更多地产生自己的跨国公司。企业的国际化经营以及中外之间密切而频繁的经济往来,对商业银行的产品和服务提出了更高的要求:如,在海外设立分支机构的企业希望在国外也能享受和国内一样本地化的服务,并通过银行与国内的总部建立便利的资金结算和往来;开展进出口业务的企业,希望银行能利用国际化的产品为其实现交易资金的成本锁定;拥有大量私人财富的个人客户,希望银行为其进行全球化资产配置,以降低投资的系统性风险,实现财富的保值增值。固守着国内市场,单纯经营人民币产品,或者仅仅利用现有的产品和手段已远远不能满足客户日益增长的业务需要,加快国际化发展成为银行适应新形势和实现新战略的必由之路。 2.国际化经营是商业银行竞争加剧的必然要求在其他行业发展、竞争全球化不断深化过程中,商业银行也正越来越多的面临来自外资银行强有力的竞争比如花旗银行、汇丰银行,他们设置了遍布全球主要城市的经营网络,创造了标准化的产品,开发了全球统一的计算机交易和管理系统,拥有精通本地语言及英语的国际化人才,深谙不同国家的法律及市场特点,能够为客户提供国际化的便利服务,因此成为许多跨国企业的首选合作银行。中国的国有商业银行刚刚完成制度的变革和调整,与国外商业银行在商业化、国际化方面还存在明显的差距。参与国际竞争的外在压力和实现全球化的内在要求,已经现实地、迫切地摆在我国商业银行的面前。 二、 国有商业银行国际化改革存在的问题 在国有商业银行已经进行的各项改革中,每一步都体现出国有银行的国际化战略方向:引入海外战略投资者,邀请国际著名咨询公司协助进行银行内部管理机制改革,按照国际化标准进行会计制度改革和财务报表公示,收购海外金融机构、加快到其它国家设立分支机构等。然而,随着改革进程的推进,许多问题也逐渐暴露出来。 首先,人才培养跟不上机构扩张速度。以工商银行为例,在短短五年时间,该行即实现了香港、澳门、印尼、南非、美国、澳洲、卡塔尔、阿联酋等地区和国家经营网络的拓展和新建,但国际人才的引进和培养并未同步进行,造成一方面海外分行人员紧缺,另一方面国内提供不出合适人选、只能让业务过关但语言不过关的员工赶鸭子上架的尴尬情形。 其次,管理机制改革缓慢,无法适应快速变化的国际市场环境。国内商业银行的政府机关作风依然比较严重,商业化程度和对市场的敏感度还不够高。虽然面对金融全球化的巨大挑战,和生存的压力,国有商业银行仍然受习惯