Chapter8_Geography_and_People(US).ppt

TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,Unit8GeographyandPeople,Contents,IGeography,Watchthemapsofcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors),WhereistheUS?,America,NorthAmerica,SizeandLocation,NorthAmerica：Inthecentralpartof(exceptAlaskaandHawaii);onthenorth：Canadaonthesouth：MexicoandtheGulfofMexicoontheeast：AtlanticOceanonthewest：PacificOcean,TheUnitedStatesofAmerica,Totalarea9,5millionsquarekilometers;4thlargest48states:formanyyearsAlaskaandHawaii:the49thand50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaskathelargestRhodeIslandthesmallestTexasthelargestonthemainland,ThreeGeographicDivisions,TheEasternPart,TheeasternpartthehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山脉).,onesixthoftheterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel,TheWesternPart,Highplateaus(高原)andmountains:fromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.OnethirdofthecountrysterritoryRockymountains:3000metersabovesealevel,TheGreatCentralPlain,BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewest.,halfofAmericaslandmassstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouth,MainGeographicalRegions,TheMid-AtlanticStates,NewEngland,longhistorytheEuropeansfirstsettlementincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncorner.Massachusetts:Boston-biggestcity,centertop-rankinguniversitiesHarvardYaleMIT,TheSouthRegion,including13stateswithplentifulrainfallandamildtowarmclimategreatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlanta,AmericanSouthernArea,TheWesternRegion,including11states,likeWashington,andCalifornia,etc.CaliforniaSanFranciscoLosAngeles14percentofAmericangrossdomesticproduct,Oregoninthewestmuchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.,MajorCities,Tips:NewYorkcommercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAnglessecondlargestcityChicagothewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.,NewYork,ThreeislandsManhattanIsland,LongIslandandStatenIslandatthemouthofHudsonRiver.FiveboroughsManhattan,Brooklyn,Bronx,RichmondandQueens.,theheadquarteroftheUnitedNations,TimeSquare,TheStatueofLiberty,Wallstreet,WashingtonD.C.,GoverneddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbianamedafterChristopherColumbuscitynamedafterGeorgeWashington,SanFrancisco,GoldenGateBridge,LosAngels,Hollywoodtheheartofworldsmotionpicturesindustry,TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.,Chicago,WindycitysecondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.ThethirdlargestcityinUS,SearsTower,IIPeople,TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld.above300million.,Population,UnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregionthenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.,NationofImmigrants,RaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansEuropeanimmigrantsTheBlackTheAsian-Americans,Indians,About10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.WestwardmovementthedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndians,White,Majority:EuropeandescendantsEnglishofficiallanguage,TheBlack,About8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.Todaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulation,MartinLutherKing,MartinLutherKing:non-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.hisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”.NobelPrizeforpeacein1964.,IHaveaDream,Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.,AsianimmigrantsChinese,AmongtheAsianimmigrants,theChinesewerethefirstAsianstocometotheUnitedStates.,TheNobelPrizeWinnersofChineseDescendent,李政道：1926年生于上海，美籍华人，1957年获诺贝尔物理学奖，时年31岁；杨振宁：1922年生于安徽，美籍华人，1957年获获诺贝尔物理学奖，时年35岁；丁肇中：1936年生于美国，美籍华人，1976年获获诺贝尔物理学奖，时年40岁；李远哲：1936年生于台湾，美籍华人，1986年获诺贝尔获化学奖，时年50岁；朱棣文：1948年生于美国，美籍华人，1997年获诺贝尔获物理学奖，时年49岁；崔琦：1939年生于河南，美籍华人，1998年获诺贝尔获物理学奖，时年59岁；,RacialAssimilation,TheMeltingPotTheyspeakalmostthesamekindofEnglishwithfarlessclassorregionalvarietythaninBritain.Theyhavesimilarhabitsandmanner.,TheSaladBowlSince1960s,alotofscholarsopposeagainsttheterm“meltingpot”.TheythinkAmericaissimilartoaSaladBowl,everyculturecanfinditspositioninAmericansociety.Multiculturalis