刚地弓形虫PPT课件.ppt

简称弓形虫，弓浆虫。寄生于人和许多种动物的有核细胞，引起人畜共患的弓形虫病(toxoplasmosis)。特别在宿主免疫功能低下时致病，属机会致病原虫(opportunisticprotozoa),刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasmagondii）,1,一、形态,在发育过程中，有5种形态。滋养体在有核细胞内，假包囊内滋养体叫速殖子tachyzoite包囊cyst大量虫体分泌物形成的囊状结构，包囊内滋养体叫缓殖子bradyzoite卵囊oocyst内含2个孢子囊，每个孢子囊内含4个子孢子。裂殖体配子体,2,3,Toxoplasmagondiiinthebronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)materialfromanHIVinfectedpatient.Numeroustrophozoites(tachyzoites)canbeseen,whicharetypicallycrescentshapedwithaprominent,centrallyplacednucleus.Mostofthetachyzoitesarefree,somearestillassociatedwithbronchopulmonarycells.,4,microscopicalfeaturesoftachizoitesofToxoplasmagondiiandperitonealmacrophagesofmouseinperitonealexudate.(SEM),5,microscopicalfeaturesoftachizoitesofToxoplasmagondiiandperitonealmacrophagesofmouseinperitonealexudate.(SEM),6,T.gondii:transmisionelectronmicroscopicpicture.Longitudinalsectionofanendozoid.,7,T.gondii:cross-sectionthroughanendozoidinanadvancedstageofendodiogeny.Thedaugthercellsappeartobesurrounded.Ineachofthesenewscellstherearetworoundbodiesthatlengthenformingthefirstrhoptries.,8,Toxoplasmagondiiintissuefromacat.,9,toxoplasmicpseudocystwithinaninflammatorytissuereaction.(Htheroundedcysts(size4to7m)contain6to8intracysticbodies,whosenucleiarestainedbyGiemsa;thewallsofthecystsarenotstained;notethepresenceofseveralsmaller,isolatedtrophozoites.B:cystsinlungtissue,silverstain;thewallsofthecystsarestainedblack;theintracysticbodiesarenotvisiblewiththisstain;babywhodiedwithpneumoniainCalifornia.,37,Pneumocystisjirovecitrophozoitesinbronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)material;Giemsastain.Thetrophozoitearesmall(size:1to5m),andonlytheirnuclei,stainedpurple,arevisible(arrows).AIDSpatientseeninAtlanta,Georgia.,38,IndirectimmunofluorescenceusingmonoclonalantibodiesagainstPneumocystisjiroveci.SpecimenfromapatientwithAIDS,seeninGeorgia.,39,LaneS:Molecularbasepairstandard(100-bpladder).Blackarrowsshowthesizeofstandardbands.Lane1:SinglestepPCRamplificationwiththepAZ102-E/pAZ102-Hprimerpair1-diagnosticbandsize:346bp.Lane2:NestedPCRamplificationwiththeITSnestedPCRprimers,1724F/ITS2R(firstround)andITS1F/ITS2R1(secondround)2-diagnosticbandsize:550bp.,MolecularDiagnosisA:Agarosegel(2%)analysisofPCR-amplifiedproductsfromDNAextractedfromabronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)diagnosticspecimenofapatientwithpulmonarysymptoms.,40,OocystsofIsosporabellicanalsobestainedwithacid-faststain,andcanbevisualizedbyepifluorescenceonwetmounts,asillustrated.Threecoccidianparasitesthatmostcommonlyinfecthumans,seeninacid-faststainedsmears(A,C,andF),bright-fielddifferentialinterferencecontrast(B,D,andG)andepifluorescence(EandH,C.parvumoocystsdonotautofluoresce).,41,A,B,C:OocystsofIsosporabelli.Theoocystsarelarge(25to30m)andhaveatypicalellipsoidalshape.Whenexcreted,theyareimmatureandcontainonesporoblast(A,B).Theoocystmaturesafterexcretion:thesinglesporoblastdividesintwosporoblasts(C),whichdevelopcystwalls,becomingsporocysts,whicheventuallycontainfoursporozoiteseach.ImagescontributedbyGeorgiaDivisionofPublicHealth.,42,OocystsofCryptosporidiumparvumstainedbythemodifiedacid-fastmethod.Againstablue-greenbackground,theoocystsstandoutinabrightredstain.Sporozoitesarevisibleinsidethetwooocyststotheright.,43,OocystsofCryptosporidiumparvum,inwetmount,seenwithdifferentialinterferencecontrast(DIC)microscopy.Theoocystsarerounded,4.2m-5.4mindiameter.Sporozoitesarevisibleinsidetheoocysts,indicatingthatsporulationhasoccurred.(Incomparison,ooc